89 results about "Large molecular weight" patented technology

The invention discloses an efficient extraction method of large-molecular-weight astragalus polysaccharide, which belongs to the technical field of plant extraction, and comprises the following steps: cleaning astragalus, filtering, and crushing; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a beta-1, 3-glucanase aqueous solution and trehalose ethylene diamine, and stirring for 10-30 minutes to obtain an enzyme protection system; soaking the radix astragali powder in a citric acid solution, adding an enzyme protection system, applying a bipolar pulsed electric field, and reacting at 40-60 DEG C for 30-40 minutes; adjusting the concentration of the ethanol to 40-50%, standing, centrifuging and collecting crude astragalus polysaccharide; purifying, decolorizing, concentrating, freeze-drying and crushing the crude astragalus polysaccharide to obtain refined astragalus polysaccharide; the mass ratio of the trehalose ethylene diamine to the beta-1, 3-glucanase is (15: 1) to (30: 1). The enzyme protection system maintains the activity of the enzyme, the enzyme and the pulsed electric field act synergistically, the extraction time is shortened, and the extraction rate is increased while the astragalus polysaccharide with large molecular weight is obtained.

The invention relates to preparation and application of a desoxyribonucleic acid and desoxyribonucleic acid derivative transdermal delivery system, and belongs to the technical field of biological medicine and skin care products. Desoxyribonucleic acid and derivatives thereof have the effects of resisting aging, repairing and the like, but are difficult to penetrate through a skin barrier due to large molecular weight and strong polarity. According to the invention, hydroxyethyl chitosan, desoxyribonucleic acid and derivatives thereof are combined through electrostatic interaction to form the nano-composite. The compound is small in particle size and can promote transdermal absorption through hair follicle or cuticle gaps. The preparation method is simple, does not need an auxiliary reagent, and comprises the step of mixing a hydroxyethyl chitosan solution and a deoxyribonucleic acid derivative solution. Experiments show that the compound significantly enhances the transdermal efficiency, and has the effects of promoting cell repair and proliferation and resisting inflammation. The composition can be used for skin care products, and is high in safety and wide in application prospect.

The invention discloses an auxiliary open fire heating device for improving the surface quality of extruded plastics. The auxiliary open fire heating device comprises a bracket base device and a fire jetting combustion furnace tray device and is characterized in that the bracket base device comprises a base and a support frame, and the support frame is mounted on the base; the fire jetting combustion furnace tray device comprises a gas inlet valve, a gas guide pipe and nozzle devices; the gas inlet valve is mounted at an inlet of the gas guide pipe; the nozzle devices are mounted on the gas guide pipe; and the fire jetting combustion furnace tray device is mounted on the bracket base device through the support frame. The auxiliary open fire heating device has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and feasibility and also has the advantages of being convenient to use, high in efficiency, high in practicability, light in structure and convenient to mount, disassemble and operate. Generally, when large-molecular-weight plastics of a molecular chain net structure, such as organosilane crosslinked polyethylene, are processed and produced, the auxiliary open fire heating device is directly mounted on a nose of the existing extruder by using magnetic absorption and utilizes open fire to carry out auxiliary open fire heating on a forming die orifice and an extruded wire so as to improve the poor surface quality of the extruded product.

The invention relates to the field of macromolecules, and discloses a polymer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The polymer has a chemical structural unit as shown in a formula 1. Compared with polyester, the polymer disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of higher degradation rate in a water environment, large molecular weight and good heat resistance or mechanical property, and can be applied to the fields of degradable packaging materials, drug controlled release carriers and the like.

The invention provides polyimide and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into a monomer solution containing a dianhydride monomer and an aprotic solvent, mixing, adding diisocyanate, carrying out a polymerization reaction to obtain a reaction product system, and precipitating from the reaction product system to obtain polyimide, wherein the feeding time of the diisocyanate is 4 to 5 hours; in the monomer solution, the molar concentration of the dianhydride monomer is 0.5-0.6 mol / L; the obtained polyimide has the advantages of high specific concentration viscosity, high molecular weight and excellent high temperature resistance.

The invention discloses waterborne acrylic resin and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of acrylic resin processing. Comprising the following components in parts by mass: 44-55 parts of deionized water, 0.5-3 parts of a carboxyl-containing monomer, 0-17 parts of a hydroxyl-containing monomer, 5-35 parts of an acrylate monomer, 5-20 parts of an ethylene monomer, 5-10 parts of a reactive diluent, 0.1-5 parts of a chain transfer agent, 0.5-2.5 parts of an initiator, 0-10 parts of a solvent and 1-3 parts of a neutralizer. According to the invention, accurate regulation and control of key properties of the resin are realized by adjusting the monomer ratio and the type and dosage of the chain transfer agent: the number-average molecular weight covers 25,000-80,000, the glass-transition temperature is adjustable in the range of 25-80 DEG C, and different scene requirements of high hardness, high chemical resistance and the like are met; meanwhile, the hydrophobic core layer guarantees the mechanical strength, the semi-hydrophilic and semi-oleophylic shell layer improves the water dispersion stability, and the problem that high Tg / large molecular weight and dispersity of traditional water-based resin are difficult to consider at the same time is solved.

1. Name of the product in this design: Integrated High Performance Liquid Chromatograph. 2. Application of this design: It is mainly used for instruments and equipment for analyzing organic compounds with high boiling points, low volatility, unstable temperature, and large molecular weight. 3. The key design features of this product are the combination of shape and pattern. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the design's key points: a 3D model.

The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, and discloses a double-center non-metallocene catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and a butene-1-based elastomer and a preparation method thereof. Wherein the double-center non-metallocene catalyst comprises a structure as shown in a formula I; in the formula I, R1-R5 are independently selected from H or C1-C8 alkyl groups, R6 is selected from C1-C5 alkyl groups, aryl groups or aryl groups containing C1-C5 alkyl substituent groups, and R7 is selected from methyl and / or ethyl. When the double-center non-metallocene catalyst provided by the invention is used for catalyzing a polymerization reaction of butene-1 and long-chain alpha-olefin, the insertion rate of an alpha-olefin monomer with large steric hindrance can be increased, and the growth of a polymerization chain is facilitated; and the butene-1-based elastomer material with large molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, low glass transition temperature and high random copolymerization unit content can be prepared.

The invention relates to the technical field of biological medicine, in particular to a TREM-1 targeted fluorescent molecular probe as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and discloses a fluorescent molecular probe named as' TREM-1 targeted fluorescent molecular probe as well as a preparation method and application thereof '. The invention aims to solve the problems of large molecular weight, poor pharmacokinetic performance, limited tissue penetration, high imaging background and poor imaging timeliness of the existing antibody fluorescent probe. The probe comprises a TREM-1 targeting module (TDM), a near-infrared fluorescence reporter group, a dark quenching group and a conformational sensitive connecting arm (CSL). The fluorescence of the probe is quenched before the probe is combined with TREM-1, and after the probe is combined with a target spot, TDM specific binding induces CSL conformation rearrangement, so that a reporter group and a quenching group are spatially separated, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is relieved, and fluorescence activation is realized. According to the invention, rapid, high-contrast and low-background fluorescence imaging of atherosclerotic plaques is realized, and the probe is small in molecular size, strong in tissue penetrability and rapid in-vivo clearing.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological detection, and particularly relates to a detection method and a detection kit for oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The invention provides a novel application of quaternary ammonium salt chitosan in a kit, and particularly relates to application of quaternary ammonium salt chitosan with different molecular weights in an immunoturbidimetry detection process of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. When high-molecular-weight quaternized chitosan with the molecular weight of 100-200 kDa and low-molecular-weight quaternized chitosan with the molecular weight of 30-50 kDa are used as components of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein detection kit, the quaternized chitosan with different molecular weights can react with citrate radicals to form gel particles with different mechanical strengths; the content of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein can be detected through immunoturbidimetry, and the sensitivity and the linear range of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein detection kit are greatly improved and widened by using the quaternized chitosan with different molecular weights.

The invention relates to a specifically degraded KIM1 liposome, preparation thereof and application of the specifically degraded KIM1 liposome in preparation of medicines for treating kidney diseases, and belongs to the technical field of biological medicines. According to the invention, a KIM1 targeting polypeptide and an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand (such as lenalidomide) are respectively modified on the surface of a liposome. The lipidosome capable of specifically degrading the KIM1 can be rapidly enriched in a damaged kidney after renal injury occurs, and the KIM1 protein level in the damaged kidney is degraded by 75%. Meanwhile, the druggability problems of poor solubility, low bioavailability and the like caused by large molecular weight of the compound in the PROTAC drug development process are avoided, and the technical problems that drugs are difficult to prepare and kidney injury drugs are lacked in the prior art are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom processing, in particular to low-molecular-weight hericium erinaceus beta-glucan with antioxidant activity as well as a preparation method and application of the low-molecular-weight hericium erinaceus beta-glucan. According to the method, the macromolecular hericium erinaceus beta-glucan is used as a raw material, the low-molecular-weight beta-glucan is prepared through microwave digestion and compound enzyme step-by-step degradation, the weight-average molecular weight of the prepared low-molecular-weight beta-glucan is 7.611 kDa, and compared with a high-molecular-weight beta-glucan sample, the low-molecular-weight beta-glucan is better in water solubility and lower in solution viscosity; the compound has the capability of efficiently scavenging free radicals, has good antioxidant activity, and has a wide application prospect.

The application discloses a kind of space-time controllable PROTAC based on photo-initiated in-situ generation and application thereof.The PROTAC is divided into two components: biorthogonal reaction group and the component of target protein ligand connection, biorthogonal reaction group and the component of E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand connection, can be synthesized in situ by light control PROTAC, for targeted protein degradation.It overcomes the difficulty of PROTAC molecule from scratch synthesis, synthesis step is complicated and the like, avoids the adverse pharmacological performance and toxic side effects caused by large molecular weight in traditional PROTAC design.At the same time, only after lightening, PROTAC molecule can be generated, the target protein is degraded, tumor cells are killed, off-target toxicity is avoided, and tumor treatment effect is realized.The method for generating protein hydrolysis targeting chimera by light triggering click provided by the application can controllably and efficiently synthesize PROTAC molecules with anticancer effect, and has the prospect of precise regulation of intracellular protein expression and treatment of tumor.

The application discloses an adsorbent for removing protein-bound toxins and middle-molecular toxins and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, and comprises the following steps: polystyrene-based white ball preparation, amine immobilization and film coating.The application has the beneficial effects that: a kind of adsorbent capable of adsorbing protein-bound toxins and middle-molecular toxins is prepared by adding a pore-forming agent under the participation of styrene monomers, polyvinyl benzene series, glycidyl methacrylate and 4,4'-bis(methacrylamido)-azobenzene, the adsorption effect is good, and the adsorbent has high selectivity; the process method is simple, green and environment-friendly; glycidyl methacrylate and modified cyclodextrin are added, the hydrophilicity of the adsorbent is enhanced, the blood compatibility of the adsorbent is improved, and the adsorption effect of the adsorbent is enhanced through amine group immobilization.

Disclosed are an injection-type human collagen soft tissue filler material and a preparation method therefor. The present invention pertains to the technical field of biomedical materials. The injection-type human collagen soft tissue filler material comprises a pretreated recombinant human collagen and an osmotic pressure regulator and is in an isotonic state. The pretreatment of the recombinant human collagen is isoelectric precipitation and centrifugal separation. The preparation method therefor comprises sterilizing, by means of filtration, and pretreating raw materials, and homogenizing the pretreated recombinant human collagen and the osmotic pressure regulator. The injection-type human collagen soft tissue filler material of the present invention mainly comprises human collagen, has a large molecular weight and a triple-helix structure, has a uniform particle size distribution, and can achieve a filling and supporting effect. The preparation process for the material is simple and convenient, involves no special treatment process, does not introduce toxic and hazardous substances that tend to remain, and stabilizes the performance of products.

The application belongs to the field of fluorescent probes, and particularly relates to a tumor-targeting photothermal reagent based on fluoro-rhodamine, and a preparation method and application thereof. To solve the problems that most of existing photothermal reagents have difficulty in post-modification due to complex synthesis, poor biological compatibility due to large molecular weight, and lack of tumor targeting of these molecules, and generally need to be made into nanoparticles to enrich to the tumor site by EPR effect, the application develops a tumor-targeting photothermal reagent Tag-880-NHS based on fluoro-rhodamine, which has the characteristics of simple synthesis, good water solubility, good light stability, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and an absorption wavelength located in the NIR region, and can be used for labeling a specific targeting epidermal growth factor monoclonal antibody-panitumumab, and can be used in the fields of tumor imaging and treatment, and has important application value.

The invention discloses extra-thick organic glass and a preparation method thereof. A direct casting method is adopted, pressure is provided through an automatic hydraulic mold, and different active initiators are compounded for use, so that the uniformity of the polymerization rate is improved. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out prepolymerization on 99 to 99.9 weight percent of methyl methacrylate and 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of initiator A in a reaction kettle at the temperature of 75 + / -5 DEG C; reducing the temperature, and adding 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of an initiator B and 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent of an initiator C to prepare a prepolymer; after vacuum defoaming, pouring into an automatic hydraulic mold, and carrying out water bath low-temperature polymerization; and carrying out high-temperature post-treatment, cooling and demolding to obtain the ultra-thick organic glass. Compared with the prior art, the prepared ultra-thick organic glass is uniform in polymerization rate, large in molecular weight and good in optical performance and mechanical strength, the thickness can reach 300 mm, and requirements of special industries are met.

To provide a method for producing a polyoxypropylene-based polymer, by which the polyoxypropylene-based polymer having a large molecular weight and exhibiting a low viscosity due to a narrow molecular weight distribution can be produced without using a large amount of water.SOLUTION: The polyoxypropylene-based polymer having a design molecular weight value X (g / mol) of 12,000g / mol or more and 30,000g / mol or less is obtained by setting the internal temperature of a reaction vessel charged with an initiator, a double metal cyanide complex catalyst, and propylene oxide to 90 °C or higher and 110 °C or lower. Activating the double metal cyanide complex catalyst, and after adjusting the internal temperature of the reaction vessel to a temperature of at least 90 °C and at most 110 °C, carrying out polymerization by additionally adding propylene oxide to the reaction vessel over Y minutes under a condition of at least 120 °C and at most 160 °C, wherein the value of X / Y is at least 35 and at most 67.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention discloses an efficient 5 '-UTR element based on a human CCND1 gene and application of the efficient 5'-UTR element in enhancement of exogenous gene expression, and belongs to the technical field of gene engineering. The nucleotide sequence of the screened and optimized 5 '-UTR element is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1-3, and the 5'-UTR element is proved to be capable of remarkably improving the yield of target protein; no matter fluorescent protein or protein with large molecular weight, the 5 '-UTR can improve the expression quantity of the protein, and has strong universality; the 5 '-UTR provided by the invention does not introduce a long fragment or additional amino acid sequence, and the 5'-UTR is derived from human, so that the immunogenicity and unexpected secondary structure risk can be reduced. Meanwhile, the length is 58-158 nt, and the small fragment is beneficial to packaging of the virus vector and can also be matched with the virus vector. Therefore, the 5 '-UTR provided by the invention has a relatively good application prospect.

This invention discloses a nanozyme for the detection of phenolic compounds and a quantitative detection method for phenolic compounds. The nanozyme comprises an organometallic framework material and copper loaded on the surface of the organometallic framework material, possessing a core-shell structure. The active metal catalytic center is loaded on the material surface, which helps to improve the utilization efficiency and catalytic activity of the active center, thereby enhancing the detection capability of large molecular weight phenolic compounds. Based on the standard addition method, the nanozyme of this invention can be used for the quantitative analysis of BPA in environmental water and thermal paper, exhibiting high accuracy and sensitivity, and strong anti-interference ability. The quantitative detection method of this invention can be used in conjunction with an image acquisition device for quantitative calculation of phenolic compounds, further simplifying the detection of phenolic compounds.

The application discloses a method for screening shikonin acting target points based on LIP-MS technology, and relates to the technical field of medicines, and has the technical features that the application adopts a widely specific protease to perform limited enzymolysis on a protein sample, utilizes the characteristic that drug and target protein combination can improve the conformation stability of the combination region peptide segment, further uses trypsin to perform secondary enzymolysis, collects a peptide fingerprint by using quantitative proteomics technology, analyzes and compares the changes of the peptide fingerprints of a control group and a drug treatment group, screens out the specificity of the 'conformational retention peptide segment' after drug treatment, identifies the target protein information corresponding to the peptide segment by database matching, compared with the traditional DARTS method, the non-labeled drug target analysis based on the peptide fingerprint changes the detection object from the protein into the peptide segment, and is expected to characterize the low-affinity multi-target drug and protein interaction, low-abundance protein, large molecular weight protein local conformation change information, so as to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of target analysis.

This invention relates to the field of nylon fiber technology and discloses an antibacterial nylon fiber and its preparation method. In the molecular structure of hyperbranched quaternary ammonium salt polyamide, the quaternary ammonium salt carries a positive charge. When bacteria come into contact with it, through electrostatic interaction, the negatively charged bacteria are attracted by the quaternary ammonium salt cations, inhibiting bacterial respiration and causing "contact death." In addition, the large molecular weight of hyperbranched polyamide hinders its diffusion and penetration into the cell wall, resulting in a long-lasting antibacterial effect and easy storage. The molecular structure of hyperbranched quaternary ammonium salt polyamide contains structural units similar to those of nylon. According to the principle of "like dissolves like," the two have good interfacial compatibility and a tighter bond. At the same time, the imidazole, triazole, and other heterocyclic structures and benzene rings in the molecular structure of hyperbranched quaternary ammonium salt polyamide can effectively inhibit the movement and rotation of molecular chains, thereby improving the heat resistance of nylon fiber.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganism isolated culture, and particularly relates to bacillus velezensis PNL01, the strain of the bacillus velezensis PNL01 is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), and the preservation number is CCTCC No: M20251847. The invention also provides an application of the bacillus velezensis in fermentation of panax notoginseng leaves. When the bacillus velezensis is used for fermenting the panax notoginseng leaves, PNLS release can be effectively promoted, large-molecular-weight prototype saponin in the panax notoginseng leaves is promoted to be converted into small-molecular-weight rare saponin, and the abundance of the rare saponin in the panax notoginseng leaves is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of aerosol materials, and discloses an aerosol generating product as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Two kinds of polyethylene glycol with different molecular weights form an aerosol matrix, polyethylene glycol B with large molecular weight is used as a main matrix, and a grid barrier structure is formed in a product based on high viscosity and film-forming property of polyethylene glycol B, so that the path resistance of essence diffusion is increased; the polyethylene glycol A with relatively small molecular weight is filled in the grids, so that the overall viscosity is adjusted, and the release uniformity is prevented from being influenced by over-compactness of the system. A complex diffusion path is formed in the aerosol product constructed by the invention, so that the essence has to slowly penetrate through a polymer matrix, thereby avoiding burst release, and a certain initial release force is provided based on addition of a proper amount of polyethylene glycol with relatively small molecular weight, so that the release of the essence is promoted in an initial suction stage, and the situation that the initial release amount is small and the smoking effect is poor is avoided. And the essence is uniformly released in the whole suction process.

The invention belongs to the field of photocuring 3D printing materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate resin and a 3D printing photosensitive resin composition. The photosensitive resin is used as hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate, dihydric alcohol with the low molecular weight Mn of 200-400 is used as a main component for pre-branching, dihydric alcohol with the high molecular weight Mn of 1000-2000 is used for chain extension, and finally hydroxyl acrylate is used for terminating to prepare the hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate. Compared with a traditional micromolecule branching mode, branching through the low-molecular-weight dihydric alcohol is easier to control and not prone to gelling, a hyperbranched polymer with the large molecular weight and the high branching degree is easily obtained, and therefore the purposes of improving the toughness of resin and reducing the curing shrinkage rate are achieved. The purpose of regulating and controlling the thermal stability of a cured product is achieved by selecting dihydric alcohols with different thermal degradation temperatures.

This invention discloses a nicotine-capturing smoking cessation drug composition based on molecular configuration matching, belonging to the field of smoking cessation drug technology. The drug consists of three organic functional molecules screened by molecular structure (each molecule has a specific configuration, see Figure 2) that self-assemble in a specific molar ratio under human physiological conditions to form a three-dimensional molecular cage. This molecular cage, through precise adaptation of its internal cavity configuration to the chair conformation of nicotine molecules (the configuration after binding is shown in Figure 3), specifically recognizes and encapsulates nicotine molecules, preventing them from crossing the blood-brain barrier and entering the brain by increasing molecular weight and enhancing polarity. This blocks the nicotine addiction reward pathway at its source, thereby eliminating nicotine addiction and physiological dependence. The drug of this invention only acts in the peripheral circulation, does not enter the central nervous system, does not act on brain nerve receptors, has no psychotropic side effects, and is non-addictive. The molecular cage-nicotine complex can be normally metabolized and completely excreted from the body. This invention, with precise molecular configuration matching as its core innovation, has a novel mechanism, extremely high safety, and gentle withdrawal, effectively reducing relapse rates. It is suitable for various nicotine-dependent populations and has extremely high clinical translational and patent protection value.

The invention discloses a method for preparing carbon microspheres by recovering waste biomass-based resin based on a hydrothermal method, and belongs to the field of waste resin recovery and carbon microsphere preparation and synthesis. The dicyclopentadiene phenol resin is used for replacing part of resorcinol, the size of the microspheres is controlled by utilizing the characteristic of large molecular weight of the resin, finally, the carbon microspheres modified by the recycled resin have relatively good sphericity and smaller particle size, the preparation method is simple, and the reaction conditions are mild.

The present application relates to the technical field of bioengineering, and particularly relates to a recombinant collagen XVII with oxidation and anti-aging, and an expression method and application thereof, wherein the amino acid sequence of the collagen XVII comprises n amino acid residue repeating units, the sequence of the repeating units is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1, and 1 < n < 60. The recombinant collagen XVII provided by the present application has anti-oxidation and anti-aging activities, a large molecular weight, and is easy to prepare.

The application provides a polyether type high solid content solvent-free water-based polyurethane emulsion, an elastomer and a preparation method thereof; the preparation raw material of the water-based polyurethane emulsion comprises the following components in the following weight parts: polyether polyol 90-360 parts by weight, alicyclic isocyanate 180-220 parts by weight, amine catalyst 1-5 parts by weight, hydrophilic chain extender 20-40 parts by weight, organic amine alkaline neutralizer 20-40 parts by weight, small molecular weight alcohol chain extender and / or large molecular weight alcohol chain extender 19-50 parts by weight, defoaming agent 1-5 parts by weight and deionized water 700 parts by weight. The application selects reaction raw materials with solvent functions, realizes solvent-free green synthesis, and significantly reduces the emission of organic volatile substances. The prepared water-based polyurethane emulsion has the characteristics of high solid content, and the prepared water-based polyurethane elastomer has excellent mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance.

The present invention provides a transdermal patch suitable for releasing an active ingredient having a large molecular weight. A transdermal patch 10 according to the present invention is provided with a substrate 1 and a retaining layer 2 that retains an active ingredient. The active ingredient contains an organic compound C having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000 or more. The retaining layer 2 contains a porous filler. In another aspect, the present invention provides a transdermal patch 11 provided with a substrate 1, a retaining layer 2 that retains an active ingredient, and an adhesive layer 3 in this order in the stacking direction, wherein: the active ingredient contains an organic compound C having a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 or more; and at least one layer selected from the group consisting of the retaining layer 2 and the adhesive layer 3 contains a porous filler.