59 results about "Uremic toxins" patented technology

Methods and devices for providing dialysis treatment are provided. The device includes a resin bed including zirconium phosphate, zirconium oxide, and urease.

Systems and methods for providing multiple pass continuous flow dialysis therapy are provided. The present invention includes a fluid circuit connected to a patient via a catheter thereby defining a fluid loop along which a therapy fluid including a dialysate can be continuously circulated into, through and out of a peritoneal cavity of a patient to remove a therapeutically effective amount of excess water and solutes including uremic toxins. The feed rate and discharge rate of therapy fluid into the fluid loop can be controllably regulated in proportion to the circulation rate of fluid in the fluid loop such that the therapy fluid can pass a multiple number of times along the fluid loop prior to discharge.

Methods and devices for providing dialysis treatment are provided. The device includes a resin bed including zirconium phosphate, zirconium oxide, and urease.

Whole blood is treated extracorporeally to remove substances contrary to health using mesoporous / microporous or macroporopus / microporous carbon in the form of beads or a channel monolith. The carbon may be the result of carbonising a mesoporous or macroporous phenolic resin. Substances contrary to health include externally introduced toxins such as bacterially derived staphylococcus enterotoxins A, B, TSST-1 or autologous, biologically active molecules with harmful, systemic effects when their activity is excessive or unregulated. Examples include the removal of inappropriate amounts of pro- or anti-inflammatory molecules and toxic mediators of systemic inflammatory response syndrome related to sepsis, cardio-pulmonary by-pass surgery, ischaemic reperfusioninjury; the removal of larger molecular weight and protein bound uremic toxins related to kidney and hepatic toxins related to liver failure and the removal of toxins relevant to biological and chemical warfare.

A sorbent dialysis cartridge is provided for removal of uremic toxins from dialysate wherein the sorbent cartridges can use non-enzymatic urea-binding materials in place of urease. The cartridge can have a first sorbent layer loaded with a polymerizable urea complexing agent and a second sorbent layer loaded with a crosslinker. The crosslinker can be crosslinkable with a soluble urea complex reaction product of the polymerizable urea complexing agent and urea when passing through the first sorbent layer to form a crosslinked polymeric urea complex which is attachable to the second sorbent layer. In another option, a sorbent layer can be used which has an insolubilized crosslinked polymeric urea-bindable complex attached thereto, wherein the crosslinked polymeric urea-bindable complex can be a reaction product of a crosslinker and polymerizable urea complexing agent. Methods and sorbent dialysis systems using the cartridge, and methods of making the sorbent material, are provided.

The present invention generally relates to the treatment of uremic toxins in vivo using uremic toxin-treating enzymes, and / or cells capable of producing uremic toxin-treating enzymes or otherwise reacting with uremic toxins. Non-limiting examples of cases where the treatment of uremic toxins is desired include renal disease or dysfunction, gout, subjects receiving chemotherapy, or the like. In one aspect, the treatment includes an oral delivery composition able to reduce the blood concentration of one or more non-protein nitrogen compounds in vivo. The composition, in some cases, may comprise one, two, or more uremic toxin-treating enzymes, such as urease, uricase or creatininase. The oral delivery composition may be able to deliver the uremic toxin-treating enzymes, substantially undigested, to the intestines, where the enzymes can interact with uremic toxins transported to the intestines from the bloodstream. In another aspect, the treatment includes an oral delivery composition comprising a cell able to reduce the concentration of one or more uremic toxins in vivo. In some cases, the cell may be designed to overexpress one, two, or more uremic toxin-treating enzymes, such as urease, uricase or creatininase, for example, by transfecting the cell with a corresponding gene. In some embodiments, a species able to react with or otherwise sequester by-products of the uremic toxin-treating enzyme reactions may be included with the oral delivery composition. For example, if the by-product is ammonium, the species may be a sorbent able to adsorb ammonium, an enzyme able to react with the ammonium, or the like.

The invention relates to an adsorbent used for clearing middle and macro molecule toxin in body of uremia patients and a preparation method thereof. According to the molecule size of middle and macromolecules such as beta2-MG, PTH, AGEs, Hcy and IL-6 and performance characteristics thereof, a functional adsorbent which can efficiently clear main middle and macro molecule toxins such as beta2-MG,PTH, AGEs, Hcy and IL-6 in the blood of the uremia patients is prepared by taking a mesoporous polystyrene hydrophobic resin as a carrier, which undergoes chloromethylation activation, and then performing chemical crosslinking grafting of vinylamine; and the adsorbent has large adsorption capacity, good mechanical strength, good biocompatibility and high adsorption selectivity. The adsorbent is used for treating uremia by blood perfusion, can take the advantages of blood filtering mainly for clearing micromolecular toxin, and provides a new method for treating uremia by combination of hematodialysis and blood perfusion.

A method of sorbent dialysis is provided for enhanced removal of uremic toxins, such as toxic anions and / or organic solutes, from spent dialysate. More highly adsorbable zirconium polymeric complexes of these anions and / or organic solutes can be initially formed in spent dialysate by treatment with zirconium salt solution or other zirconium cation source, and then removed with adsorbent to provide purified or regenerated dialysate. Sorbent dialysis systems for detoxifying spent dialysate containing toxic anions and organic solutes are also provided.

A dialysis system comprising: a sorbent cartridge in fluid communication with at least one of a patient or a dialyzer, the sorbent cartridge including a housing having a zirconium phosphate layer followed by at least one of a urease layer, a zirconium oxide layer, or a carbon layer; a storage container in fluid communication with the sorbent cartridge; a pump in fluid communication sorbent cartridge and the storage container; and a control unit in operable communication with the pump, wherein the control unit is programmed to cause the pump to pump a dialysis fluid to flow (i) in a first direction through the sorbent cartridge, wherein the zirconium phosphate layer is contacted by the dialysis fluid before the at least one of the urease layer, zirconium oxide layer or carbon layer and (ii) in a second direction, reverse from the first direction, through the sorbent cartridge wherein the at least one of the urease layer, zirconium oxide layer or carbon layer is contacted by the dialysis fluid before the zirconium phosphate layer.

A method as well as an apparatus is disclosed for determining the efficiency of a currently performed kidney replacement therapy on the dialysis side making use of a dialysis machine which in a first step is operated in a hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration process and in a second step is sequentially changed over to a hemofiltration process or is changed over to a sequential mode in which merely a flow from the blood compartment via the semipermeable membrane to the dialysis fluid compartment of the dialyser is generated in which, according to a third step, a sensor for determining or measuring the concentration at least of uremic toxins in the saturated dialysate or ultra-filtrate which is connected downstream of a dialyser on the dialysis side outputs corresponding measuring signals that are representative of the current concentration at least of uremic toxins in the blood to a calculation or determination unit.

The invention relates to the fields of application of health, biotechnology and nutrition, the aim of the invention being to provide a gelatinous mixture of probiotics and prebiotics with synergic symbiotic action for the treatment of chronic renal disease, the characteristics and components thereof reducing the concentration of uremic toxins, improving the renal function of the patient with an increase in urea, creatinine, uric acid, p-cresols or indoles in the blood. The gelatinous mixture of probiotics and prebiotics with synergic symbiotic action for the treatment of chronic renal disease is easier to administrate orally as it does not require the consumption of liquids for the administration thereof, reducing liquid retention. Another advantage of the present invention is the fact that it refers to live and active bacteria. The present invention is also used a primary source of food with known prebiotic effects, an element which is not considered in other inventions; it is not in a pharmaceutical form. The probiotic bacteria are found “live and active” and in “synergic action” with the prebiotic fibres of plant origin such as “blue agave fructans (blue agave inulin)”.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for determining a substance in a fluid excreted / extracted from the body or spent dialysate, e.g., for determining a quality measure for the dialysis, such as the concentration of selected toxic substances, and / or for determining a removed total quantity of uremic toxins during a dialysis with a dialysis apparatus. A concentration of a substance in the fluid may be determined by: detecting, by an absorption sensor, a first extinction signal of the fluid at an analysis wavelength at a defined first pH value of the fluid; adjusting, by a pH adjusting device, a second pH value of the fluid which differs from the first pH value; detecting, by the absorption sensor, a second extinction signal of the fluid at the analysis wavelength at the second pH value; and processing / comparing the two extinction signals for the first and the second pH values and determining an absolute concentration of the substance dissolved in the fluid.

The present disclosure relates to a dialyzer comprising a bundle of semipermeable hollow fiber membranes which is suitable for blood purification, wherein the dialyzer has an increased ability to remove larger molecules while at the same time it is able to effectively remove small uremic toxins and efficiently retain albumin and larger proteins. The invention also relates to using said dialyzer in hemodialysis.

A method of sorbent dialysis is provided for enhanced removal of uremic toxins, such as toxic anions and / or organic solutes, from spent dialysate. More highly adsorbable zirconium polymeric complexes of these anions and / or organic solutes can be initially formed in spent dialysate by treatment with zirconium salt solution or other zirconium cation source, and then removed with adsorbent to provide purified or regenerated dialysate. Sorbent dialysis systems for detoxifying spent dialysate containing toxic anions and organic solutes are also provided.

A sorbent dialysis cartridge is provided for removal of uremic toxins from dialysate wherein the sorbent cartridges can use non-enzymatic urea-binding materials in place of urease. The cartridge can have a first sorbent layer loaded with a polymerizable urea complexing agent and a second sorbent layer loaded with a crosslinker. The crosslinker can be crosslinkable with a soluble urea complex reaction product of the polymerizable urea complexing agent and urea when passing through the first sorbent layer to form a crosslinked polymeric urea complex which is attachable to the second sorbent layer. In another option, a sorbent layer can be used which has an insolubilized crosslinked polymeric urea-bindable complex attached thereto, wherein the crosslinked polymeric urea-bindable complex can be a reaction product of a crosslinker and polymerizable urea complexing agent. Methods and sorbent dialysis systems using the cartridge, and methods of making the sorbent material, are provided.

The invention relates to nano molybdenum sulfide and application of the nano molybdenum sulfide as an efficient adsorbent for uremia toxin. The technical problems that in the prior art, an adsorption material in a dialysate purification device capable of wearing an artificial kidney is difficult to store, the adsorption efficiency is low, and the biocompatibility is poor are solved. The nano molybdenum sulfide has a two-dimensional ultrathin nanosheet structure, a large number of defects exist on a basal plane due to the interlayer spacing, and the molybdenum disulfide with wide interlayer spacing and rich lattice defects can be used as an efficient adsorbent for uremia toxins. The invention reports that molybdenum disulfide with wide interlayer spacing and rich lattice defects is used for adsorbing uremia toxins urea, creatinine and uric acid for the first time. Compared with commercial MoS2, activated carbon, narrow-interlayer-spacing MoS2 with lattice defects and narrow-interlayer-spacing MoS2 without lattice defects, the dialysate purification material with high adsorbability, high selectivity and high stability is obtained by analyzing and researching the adsorption performance of the material under different conditions (adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, temperature and the like).

A hemocompatible adsorber for separating protein-bound uremic toxins contained in the blood of a patient and having a molecular mass of <500 g / mol regarding their carrier proteins, to adsorb the uremic toxins during hemodialysis. The hemocompatible adsorber including a polymer based on a cyclic oligosaccharide or a derivative thereof which is disposed on a solid carrier component. A device for hemodiafiltration including an extracorporeal circuit for receiving blood to be purified and a hemodialyzer connected to the blood circulation of a patient, wherein a hemocompatible adsorber is provided for separating protein-bound uremic toxins contained in the blood of a patient and having a molecular mass of <500 g / mol regarding their carrier proteins. The hemocompatible adsorber, which is disposed on a solid carrier component in at least one layer on the blood side within the hemodialyzer, includes a polymer based on a cyclic oligosaccharide or a derivative thereof.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for determining a substance in a fluid excreted / extracted from the body or spent dialysate, e.g., for determining a quality measure for the dialysis, such as the concentration of selected toxic substances, and / or for determining a removed total quantity of uremic toxins during a dialysis with a dialysis apparatus. A concentration of a substance in the fluid may be determined by: detecting, by an absorption sensor, a first extinction signal of the fluid at an analysis wavelength at a defined first pH value of the fluid; adjusting, by a pH adjusting device, a second pH value of the fluid which differs from the first pH value; detecting, by the absorption sensor, a second extinction signal of the fluid at the analysis wavelength at the second pH value; and processing / comparing the two extinction signals for the first and the second pH values and determining an absolute concentration of the substance dissolved in the fluid.

The invention discloses an oscillator for a clinical laboratory. The oscillator structurally comprises a test tube shaft sleeve ring, a square frame groove, a ball rubber concave cap push seat, an integrated circuit seat, an indication lampshade, a contact switch seat and a rotating speed adjusting knob; according to the invention, the test tube shaft sleeve ring is matched with the ball rubber concave cap push seat; the urine test tube is locked by the test tube shaft sleeve ring to perform rotary oscillation; a spherical swing pipe inclined strut shaking effect is formed at the bottom of thesettled uranidin and urotoxin through the concave arc thick ring frame and the semispherical groove seat, it is guaranteed that the whole ball cap push rod frame and the balance weight paddle frame push lining form a segmented pressure effect; settled urotoxin floccules can be matched with centrifugal oscillation in the fluid to diffuse sufficient toxin data saturation, so the accurate value of the amount of data harmful to inspection is increased, the oblique alignment frame of the test tube twisting and shaking rubber-coated tray in the later period can conveniently adapt to the inertia rotation effect, the protection of the test tube wall toughness rated value is improved, the effect of lifting settled flocculated thick fluid during data inspection is guaranteed, and full oscillation inspection is achieved.

The present invention generally relates to the treatment of uremic toxins in vivo using uremic toxin-treating enzymes, and / or cells capable of producing uremic toxin-treating enzymes or otherwise reacting with uremic toxins. Non-limiting examples of cases where the treatment of uremic toxins is desired include renal disease or dysfunction, gout, subjects receiving chemotherapy, or the like. In one aspect, the treatment includes an oral delivery composition able to reduce the blood concentration of one or more non-protein nitrogen compounds in vivo. The composition, in some cases, may comprise one, two, or more uremic toxin-treating enzymes, such as urease, uricase or creatininase. The oral delivery composition may be able to deliver the uremic toxin-treating enzymes, substantially undigested, to the intestines, where the enzymes can interact with uremic toxins transported to the intestines from the bloodstream. In another aspect, the treatment includes an oral delivery composition comprising a cell able to reduce the concentration of one or more uremic toxins in vivo. In some cases, the cell may be designed to overexpress one, two, or more uremic toxin-treating enzymes, such as urease, uricase or creatininase, for example, by transfecting the cell with a corresponding gene. In some embodiments, a species able to react with or otherwise sequester by-products of the uremic toxin-treating enzyme reactions may be included with the oral delivery composition. For example, if the by-product is ammonium, the species may be a sorbent able to adsorb ammonium, an enzyme able to react with the ammonium, or the like.

A hemocompatible adsorber for separating protein-bound uremic toxins contained in the blood of a patient and having a molecular mass of <500 g / mol regarding their carrier proteins, to adsorb the uremic toxins during hemodialysis. The hemocompatible adsorber including a polymer based on a cyclic oligosaccharide or a derivative thereof which is disposed on a solid carrier component. A device for hemodiafiltration including an extracorporeal circuit for receiving blood to be purified and a hemodialyzer connected to the blood circulation of a patient, wherein a hemocompatible adsorber is provided for separating protein-bound uremic toxins contained in the blood of a patient and having a molecular mass of <500 g / mol regarding their carrier proteins. The hemocompatible adsorber, which is disposed on a solid carrier component in at least one layer on the blood side within the hemodialyzer, includes a polymer based on a cyclic oligosaccharide or a derivative thereof.

Whole blood is treated extracorporeally to remove substances contrary to health using mesoporous / microporous or macroporopus / microporous carbon in the form of beads or a channel monolith. The carbon may be the result of carbonizing a mesoporous or macroporous phenolic resin. Substances contrary to health include externally introduced toxins such as bacterially derived staphylococcus enterotoxins A, B, TSST-1 or autologous, biologically active molecules with harmful, systemic effects when their activity is excessive or unregulated. Examples include the removal of inappropriate amounts of pro- or anti-inflammatory molecules and toxic mediators of systemic inflammatory response syndrome related to sepsis, cardio-pulmonary by-pass surgery, ischaemic reperfusion injury; the removal of larger molecular weight and protein bound uremic toxins related to kidney and hepatic toxins related to liver failure and the removal of toxins relevant to biological and chemical warfare.

An adsorbent for reducing uremic toxins in vivo includes polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers having the following properties: a) an average diameter of 5 μm to 30 μm; b) a BET specific surface area of more than 390 m2 / g; c) a total acidic group content of larger than 1.2 meq / g or a total basic group content of larger than 1 meq / g. Because the adsorbent of the present disclosure has a higher adsorption capacity for precursors of uremic toxins than for the normal enzyme protein in intestinal tract, the adsorbent of the present disclosure can effectively prevent the deterioration of renal function, and thus can be used as a therapeutic agent and a preventive for kidney disease.

A blood purification membrane capable of adsorbing creatinine which is a uremic toxin in the blood and purifying the blood, the blood purification membrane including fibers and particles adhered to the aforementioned fibers, wherein the aforementioned fibers are composed of a polymer insoluble in water, the aforementioned particles contain SiO2 and Al2O3, and pores capable of incorporating at least a portion of the aforementioned uremic toxin are provided in the aforementioned particles.

The invention relates to an adsorbent used for clearing middle and macro molecule toxin in body of uremia patients and a preparation method thereof. According to the molecule size of middle and macromolecules such as beta2-MG, PTH, AGEs, Hcy and IL-6 and performance characteristics thereof, a functional adsorbent which can efficiently clear main middle and macro molecule toxins such as beta2-MG,PTH, AGEs, Hcy and IL-6 in the blood of the uremia patients is prepared by taking a mesoporous polystyrene hydrophobic resin as a carrier, which undergoes chloromethylation activation, and then performing chemical crosslinking grafting of vinylamine; and the adsorbent has large adsorption capacity, good mechanical strength, good biocompatibility and high adsorption selectivity. The adsorbent is used for treating uremia by blood perfusion, can take the advantages of blood filtering mainly for clearing micromolecular toxin, and provides a new method for treating uremia by combination of hematodialysis and blood perfusion.

The invention discloses a method for simultaneously detecting four protein-bound uremic toxins in a blood sample. The method comprises the following steps of pretreating the blood sample, and carryingout ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection on the treated sample to be detected, wherein the pretreatment process of the blood sample comprises the followingsteps of mixing the blood sample with a precipitant, carrying out centrifugal separation, adding the separated supernatant into the formic acid-containing water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the sample to be detected, wherein the precipitant is a mixed solution of acetonitrile and ethanol, the volume ratio of acetonitrile to ethanol is 2: (0.9-1.1), and the four protein binding uremia toxins areCMPF, IS, PCS and HA. According to the invention, the detection time of the four protein-bound uremic toxins can be shortened.

Compositions for regeneration of spent dialysis fluid are disclosed. The compositions include a sorbent comprising a titanium-glyoxal complex. Sorbent cartridges comprising the sorbents, and methods and systems for using the cartridges in dialysis also are disclosed.