595 results about "Blood purification" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of dialysis detection, and particularly discloses a blood purification center dialysis water detection device which comprises a charging bin, an automatic sampling mechanism, a control operation table, detection equipment, a ground rail moving platform and a carrying mechanical arm. The automatic sampling mechanism can be stored in the charging bin, a height adjusting part and an automatic operation part are arranged in the automatic sampling mechanism, the height adjusting part can adjust the position and the height to enable the height adjusting part to be matched with the position of a detection valve of external filtering equipment, and the automatic operation part can execute operation to replace manual sampling operation. An automatic device is adopted to replace manual operation of medical staff to perform water quality detection sampling operation on the filter for hemodialysis, so that the overall detection efficiency is greatly improved, dangerous operation is remotely completed under the condition of no human intervention, the safety and health of the staff are effectively guaranteed, and the working efficiency is improved. And inaccurate detection or influence on normal operation of the whole dialysis water system caused by equipment failure is avoided.

The present application belongs to the field of medical device technology, and discloses a blood purification device and an operation method thereof, wherein the device comprises: a mobile trolley, a fixed bracket, a purification mechanism and an abnormal monitoring mechanism; a fixed bracket is provided on the mobile trolley, and a purification mechanism is provided on the fixed bracket; an abnormal monitoring mechanism is fixedly provided on the fixed bracket; the purification mechanism comprises an arterial pot, a dialyzer, a venous pot, a blood pump, a replacement fluid storage box, an ultrafiltrate collection box, a dialysate storage box, a replacement fluid pump, an ultrafiltrate pump, an arterial tube, a venous tube, a dialysate pump and a heparin pump, and a purification capacity evaluation module is fixedly provided on the fixed bracket. The present invention continuously monitors the blood purification process through the abnormal monitoring mechanism, promptly discovers abnormal conditions in the blood purification process, evaluates the dialysis effect of the dialyzer according to the monitoring data, and ensures that when the main dialyzer fails or has problems, the standby dialyzer can be immediately activated by setting two dialyzers, so as to ensure the continuity of the dialysis process and the safety of the patient.

The utility model discloses a double-suction double-discharge reciprocating injection pump which comprises a pump body, a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe, two pistons are arranged in an inner cavity of the pump body at intervals in the length direction, the two pistons are movably assembled with the inner cavity of the pump body in a sealing mode, and the inner cavity of the pump body is divided into a first closed cavity, a sterilization air cavity and a second closed cavity by the pistons, a linkage rod located in the sterilization air cavity is arranged between the two pistons; one end of the pump body is provided with a first interface and a second interface which are respectively communicated with the first closed cavity, the other end of the pump body is provided with a third interface and a fourth interface which are respectively communicated with the second closed cavity, the first interface and the third interface are both communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and the second interface and the fourth interface are both communicated with the liquid outlet pipe; one-way valves are arranged in the first connector, the second connector, the third connector and the fourth connector respectively. The liquid balance device can solve the problem of liquid balance of continuous blood purification equipment in a vibration impact environment of a moving occasion, simplifies the principle, and improves the reliability.

The blood purification device comprises a blood purifier, a downward extending plate and a plurality of dialysis pipelines, a plurality of pipeline connectors are installed on one side of the downward extending plate, liquid flowing grooves are formed in the pipeline connectors, the dialysis pipelines are inserted into the inner walls of the corresponding liquid flowing grooves, and the dialysis pipelines are connected with the downward extending plate through the liquid flowing grooves. A connector chuck is installed on the side wall of the dialysis pipeline, a bottom groove is formed in the bottom end of the pipeline connector, an annular inner groove is formed in the pipeline connector, and a check ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular inner groove; the sealing air bag expands and extrudes when the dialysis pipeline is connected with the pipeline connector, the connecting tightness and the sealing effect between the connector chuck and the bottom groove are enhanced, then blood leakage or air entering the pipeline is prevented, the actual blood amount participating in purification is kept, and the purification efficiency is prevented from being affected; air is prevented from entering a pipeline to form air embolism, and the risk that external bacteria infect blood is avoided.

The invention relates to a multi-board division cooperative control system based on blood purification equipment, which comprises a man-machine interaction unit, a liquid balance unit, a blood loop unit, a blood anticoagulation unit and a power supply unit, each unit is an operation unit with independent hardware, is provided with an independent PCB (Printed Circuit Board) and an independent DCDC (Direct Current-Direct Current) circuit, and performs data interaction through a custom protocol on a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus. The man-machine interaction unit receives user input and displays an equipment state; the liquid balance unit adjusts liquid input and output in the purification process; the blood loop unit is used for establishing and maintaining in-vitro blood circulation; the blood anticoagulation unit controls the injection of an anticoagulant; and the power supply unit provides power support for each module. Each unit operates independently, and only a single unit needs to be replaced when a fault occurs, so that the reliability and the maintenance efficiency of the system are improved. According to the system, modularization and efficient cooperation are achieved through distributed design, and it is ensured that equipment operates stably and safely in the blood purification process.

The invention discloses a multifunctional safe flushing system for hemodialysis, and belongs to the technical field of blood purification. The system comprises an arterial blood extraction assembly, a venous blood transfusion assembly and a plasma purification treatment assembly, one end of the venous blood transfusion assembly is connected with one end of the arterial blood extraction assembly through a plasma separator, one end of the plasma purification treatment assembly is connected with the plasma separator, and the other end of the plasma purification treatment assembly is connected with the venous blood transfusion assembly. A multifunctional safe flushing mechanism is arranged at the position, close to the plasma separator, of the plasma purification treatment assembly. During flushing, due to the fact that the path from the multifunctional safe flushing mechanism to the adsorber in the plasma purification treatment assembly is short, the time needed for flushing is shortened, the effective treatment duration is guaranteed, the needed amount of saline water is reduced, the situation that the amount of human body fluid is excessively increased is avoided, and it is guaranteed that the saline water has the needed flushing pressure when flowing to the adsorber; and the washing effect on the adsorber is ensured.

The invention discloses an intelligent monitoring method and system for blood purification, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a monitoring subsystem comprising two sets of independent sensor networks, collecting and processing key physiological parameters in a blood purification process in parallel, and obtaining a parameter data flow subjected to preliminary verification; a blood purification system execution mechanism is controlled through a self-adaptive task space nonsingular terminal super-distortion sliding mode control algorithm, and a control instruction is obtained; redundancy detection and cross validation of parameter abnormity are realized through a dual-channel comparative analysis algorithm, and an abnormity detection result is obtained; analyzing data features of the patient in the treatment process through a deep learning model, predicting potential risks, and obtaining intelligent intervention suggestions; a data management and traceability system is constructed through a distributed database technology and a block chain verification mechanism. According to the invention, the accuracy and stability of blood purification monitoring are greatly improved; redundant anomaly detection and an intelligent aid decision-making system are adopted, so that the risk prediction and anomaly coping capability is remarkably improved.

The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a blood purification treatment mode, a controller, purification equipment and a system, and solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the number of integrated treatment modes of blood purification equipment is small, operation is relatively tedious, and convenience is poor. According to the control method for the blood purification treatment mode, liquid loops corresponding to multiple pipeline assemblies can be combined by regulating and controlling starting or disconnection of multiple pumps, starting or disconnection of multiple functional devices and connection or disconnection of multiple connecting pipelines, and the liquid loops corresponding to the multiple pipeline assemblies can correspond to multiple treatment modes; therefore, more treatment modes are integrated on one blood purification device, and integration and use convenience of the blood purification device are improved.

To enable water removal control that can respond to various patients and the conditions of each patient, and that can perform efficient water removal treatment while reducing the burden on the patient. [Solution] The device has a memory unit that stores the water removal achievement rate at a specified elapsed time during blood purification treatment, and a calculation unit that sets a water removal profile in which the water removal rate gradually decreases from the start to the end of blood purification treatment, and the calculation unit is equipped with a water removal rate determination unit that determines the water removal rate for a specified time at a specified elapsed time based on the water removal achievement rate.

The invention provides a quadruple plasma blood purification device and purification method. The quadruple plasma blood purification device comprises a primary plasma separator, a secondary plasma separator, a perfusion device and a dialyzer, the inlet of the primary plasma separator is connected with the artery of a patient; an inlet of the secondary plasma separator is connected with the primary plasma separator; an inlet of the perfusion device is connected with the secondary plasma separator; and the dialyzer is respectively connected with the perfusion device and the primary plasma separator. According to the technology, only one-time operation is needed for treatment for 6-12 hours, multiple operations are not needed, meanwhile, the core pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia, cytokine storm sepsis, internal environment disorder and renal insufficiency which cause pancreatitis is solved, the treatment time is saved to a great extent, the risk that the illness state develops to death is reduced, and the treatment cost is reduced. The clinical effective treatment rate is improved; in addition, only one set of equipment is needed, and the device has the advantages of low cost, simplicity and convenience in operation, low time, manpower and financial resource consumption, high treatment efficiency and the like.

This invention discloses a blood purification device and medical system. The blood purification device includes: a device housing; a blood purifier; a blood tubing assembly, the blood tubing assembly including a first blood tubing connecting a human blood vessel to the inlet of the blood purifier and a second blood tubing connecting the outlet of the blood purifier to the human blood vessel; a power assembly including a blood pump for driving blood flow within the blood tubing assembly, a first replenishment pump for allowing anticoagulant solution to flow into the first blood tubing, and / or a second replenishment pump for allowing calcium solution to flow into the second blood tubing; and a blood component analysis component disposed within the device housing, the blood component analysis component being used to detect collected blood samples. This design facilitates the appropriate adjustment of anticoagulant drugs and calcium ions in the blood purification circuit.

The invention discloses continuous blood purification equipment, and belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, the continuous blood purification equipment comprises a blood purification assembly, the blood purification assembly comprises a perfusion device, the upper end and the lower end of the perfusion device are fixedly connected with hard insertion ports, a flexible infusion tube is inserted into the hard insertion port in the lower side, and a sealing monitoring assembly is fixedly connected to the flexible infusion tube; the left side wall and the right side wall of the sealing monitoring assembly are provided with two clamping torsion guiding assemblies, the sealing monitoring assembly is communicated with an acousto-optic reminding assembly, and when the flexible infusion tube is separated from the hard inserting opening, the clamping torsion guiding assemblies can be used for automatically sealing the flexible infusion tube; meanwhile, the communicating catheter is opened in cooperation with the clamping and sealing assembly, so that blood can temporarily flow into the communicating catheter, blood pollution can be avoided, blood can be effectively stored, follow-up blood return is facilitated, and negative effects on health of a patient are reduced.

The invention discloses a blood purification chamber liquid level measurement system, relates to the technical field of liquid level measurement, and aims to solve the problem of inaccurate liquid level measurement results. The alarm scheme can be generated when the difference value between the liquid level data and the liquid pump adjusting instruction is large, so that related personnel can respond quickly and take measures, the system can perform graded response according to the severity of abnormal conditions due to the setting of the alarm intensity, the emergency processing efficiency is improved, and the safety of the system is improved. According to the difference value of the alarm intensity in the abnormal liquid level data, the adjustment parameters of the liquid pump in the to-be-adjusted liquid level data can be automatically adjusted, intelligent liquid level adjustment is achieved, different risk assessment results are subjected to priority division, it is ensured that high-risk problems are processed firstly, then middle-risk and low-risk problems are processed, the efficiency and effect of problem processing are improved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. Adjusting parameters are formulated according to the risk assessment result, and the running speed of the liquid pump is adjusted.

To provide an estimation method of a recirculation rate enabling estimation of a recirculation rate without being limited by a preparation location of a blood marker or an arrangement location of detection means of the blood marker.SOLUTION: An estimation method of a recirculation rate includes the steps of: acquiring data representing an amount of change in blood concentration after recirculation when a blood marker is added to blood to be extracorporeally circulated, data representing a relation between an amount of change in blood concentration after recirculation and blood concentration, and data representing a relation between the amount of change in blood concentration after recirculation and a blood flow rate; creating a model by multivariate analysis or machine learning to obtain a regression equation or a conversion model, with the amount of change in blood concentration after recirculation, blood concentration and a blood flow rate used as an explanatory variables and the recirculation rate as an objective variable; acquiring data representing the amount of change in blood concentration, blood concentration and a blood flow rate of blood flowing through an arterial line or a venous line; and inputting treatment data to the regression equation or the conversion model to estimate the recirculation rate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3A

The utility model provides a display assembly capable of being disassembled conveniently and rapidly. The display assembly solves the problem that a display in existing blood purification equipment is inconvenient to maintain. The display assembly convenient to disassemble comprises a display front cover, a display rear cover and a fastening screw used for connecting the display front cover and the display rear cover, and a detachable supporting structure used for supporting the display front cover after the display front cover is unfolded is arranged between the lower end of the display front cover and the lower end of the display rear cover. A limiting structure used for limiting the maximum unfolding angle of the display front cover is further arranged between the display front cover and the display rear cover. When the displayer is maintained, the whole displayer does not need to be detached from the whole machine, only the fastening screws need to be taken out, the front cover of the displayer inclines forwards by a certain angle through the limiting structure and the detachable supporting structure, the front cover of the displayer can be taken down rapidly, operation can be conducted by a single person, and the convenience of maintaining and repairing the displayer is improved; and the maintenance time and cost are saved.

The utility model provides blood purification equipment with a respiratory support function, an oxygenator is arranged on a blood path of the blood purification equipment, and the oxygenator is arranged on a blood path output pipeline or a blood path input pipeline. According to the blood purification equipment, in-vitro oxygenation of blood can be carried out through the oxygenator while blood purification is carried out, carbon dioxide in the blood is removed, and a partial respiration support function is provided for a patient.

The invention relates to the crossing field of computer technology and edge calculation, and discloses a blood purification equipment real-time control method based on edge calculation. According to the method, multi-modal real-time physiological parameters, historical dialysis data and a current treatment target are fused through a local edge calculation unit, an individualized body fluid dynamic response prediction model is constructed, and an ultrafiltration rate instruction is optimized and generated within a millisecond level; the system comprises a multi-mode sensor array, a historical data storage module, a task planning interface, an edge computing unit and an ultrafiltration pump controller. According to the application, the hemodynamic state is accurately maintained, the risk of hypotension is remarkably reduced, and the treatment safety and individualization level are improved.

The utility model discloses CRRT equipment, and relates to the technical field of medical instruments. The CRRT equipment comprises a plurality of functional modules, and each functional module is provided with an independent control display unit and an independent driving pump and can independently realize respective functions. Each function module is relatively small in size, small in occupied space and convenient to carry and place in special scenes such as an ambulance, a mountain top disaster relief area, a battlefield first-line, a ship and a warship for use. The heparin pump module, the dialysate pump module, the displacement liquid pump module, the blood pump module and the waste liquid pump module can be independently used as independent modules and can also be used in a combined mode. During combined use, the heparin pump module, the dialysate pump module, the displacement liquid pump module and the waste liquid pump module are all in communication connection with the blood pump module and are used for blood purification treatment; when the medical transfusion bag is independently used, various requirements of emergency blood transfusion, transfusion and nutrition delivery in special scenes such as ambulances, mountain top disaster relief areas, first-line battlefields, ships, warships and the like can be met.

The invention discloses a device for realizing blood leakage monitoring by using surface acoustic waves in a blood purification system, which comprises a sound wave information detection module, an early warning model design module, a sensing performance evaluation module and a remote response optimization module, and is characterized in that a human body blood vessel distribution model is constructed and a blood leakage monitoring early warning model is designed; the blood leakage prediction risk degree is evaluated, human blood vessel blood leakage risk marking is carried out, blood leakage risk monitoring of different puncture points of hemodialysis is achieved, pertinence and accuracy of blood leakage monitoring are guaranteed, and then the blood leakage risk of different puncture points of hemodialysis is monitored by comprehensively evaluating the sensing performance of the surface acoustic wave filter and introducing interference factor analysis. Therefore, risk prediction and device optimization management are carried out on the sensing performance of the surface acoustic wave filter in a long-term use state, continuous and stable sensing performance of the surface acoustic wave filter is ensured, and finally blood leakage monitoring with high pertinence, high accuracy and good stability in a blood purification system is realized by using surface acoustic waves.

The present invention is provided with: a dialysate supply flow path (52); a liquid discharge flow path (53); a supply-side control flow meter (64) and a supply-side protection flow meter (65) for detecting the flow rate of the dialysate supply flow path (52); a discharge-side control flow meter (73) and a discharge-side protection flow meter (74) that detect the flow rate of the liquid discharge flow path (53); a first water removal amount calculation unit (101) that calculates a control-side cumulative water removal amount on the basis of the flow rate detected by the supply-side control flow meter (64) and the flow rate detected by the discharge-side control flow meter (73); a second water removal amount calculation unit (102) that calculates a guard-side cumulative water removal amount on the basis of the flow rate detected by the supply-side guard flow meter (65) and the flow rate detected by the discharge-side guard flow meter (74); and a first detection failure determination unit (104) that determines the detection failure of the control flow meters (64, 73) on the basis of the difference between the control-side cumulative water removal amount and the protection-side cumulative water removal amount.

The invention relates to the technical field of blood purification, and particularly discloses an integrated blood purification pipeline consumable device which comprises a main body bracket, and an artery pipeline assembly, a dialysis filter, a vein pipeline assembly, a pre-flushing piston assembly, a liquid inlet tank assembly and a liquid outlet tank assembly which are mounted on the main body bracket. The key core problem solved by the invention is to integrate treatment consumable pipelines and integrate a plurality of auxiliary function modules, so that the operation convenience of medical staff is greatly improved on the premise of ensuring treatment; by configuring an automatic pre-flushing function, a heparin injection function, a quantitative system and the like, the operation process of ultralight portable blood purification equipment matched with the device can be simplified, the size and the weight of the equipment are reduced, and the equipment is suitable for wider and more complex application environments; the method can be used for early treatment of severe wounded persons in modern wars, emergency supplement of conventional dialysis treatment patients, disaster relief without traditional dialysis conditions, self-treatment of patients in emergencies and the like, and has wide application prospect and practical value.

The present invention discloses a portable blood purification device, which relates to the field of medical technology. The portable blood purification device includes a purification machine and a placement table. A shoulder strap is fixedly installed on the surface of the purification machine, a hanging tube is fixedly installed on the surface of the purification machine, an anticoagulation tank is fixedly installed on the surface of the purification machine, a switch is fixedly installed on the surface of the purification machine, and a clamping plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the purification machine. The portable blood purification device limits the trapezoidal block 1 by the deformation and restoration movement of the telescopic spring rod 1 to drive the inclined block 1 to move, and at this time, the placement table limits the purification machine, improving the stability of the device during the transfer process, avoiding bumps or damage to the device caused by improper fixation, effectively preventing accidental movement or inclination of the device during the transfer process, reducing the pressure and wear on the internal components of the device, and helping to extend the service life of the device.

Provided is an intermediate system that, when a CRRT system is connected to an ECMO system, is capable of reducing the effect of pressure received by the CRRT system from the ECMO system. An intermediate system (300) provided to a connection site between an ECMO system (100) and a CRRT system (200), the upstream end of the CRRT system (200) being connected downstream of an ECMO blood pump (120) in the ECMO system (100), the intermediate system (300) being provided with: an intermediate blood return line (320), the upstream end of which is connected to the downstream end of the CRRT system (200) and the downstream end of which is connected to the ECMO system (100); a blood return pump (321); a blood return side pressure buffer section (322) provided upstream of the blood return pump (321); and a control unit (330) that controls the storage amount of the liquid in accordance with the storage state of the return-side pressure buffer unit (322) so that the storage amount falls within a predetermined range.

The invention relates to the technical field of blood purification, in particular to a blood purification pipeline integration device which comprises an integration disc, a degassing kettle assembly structure arranged on the integration disc, a plurality of flow channels integrated on the integration disc and used for conveying fluid and a plurality of pipeline placement units. The functional structure of the pipeline placement unit can be a pump pipe fixing structure or presented in the form of a flow channel; pressure monitoring devices are arranged on the flow channels, and pipeline connectors are arranged at the two ends of each flow channel. The device can adapt to various treatment modes, is high in integration degree, is convenient to transport, is not liable to scatter when a package is removed, facilitates the reduction of the pipeline combing time of medical workers, and improves the working efficiency. The pressure monitoring device is integrated in the flow channel, additional pressure monitoring equipment does not need to be externally connected, and the advantage of being high in integration degree is achieved.

The invention relates to the field of blood purification treatment, and discloses an extracorporeal circulation pipeline of a blood purification treatment device.The extracorporeal circulation pipeline comprises end plates, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, the two end plates are fixedly connected through a first connecting rod, the inlet pipe fixedly penetrates through one end plate, and the outlet pipe fixedly penetrates through the other end plate; a plurality of switching tubes are arranged between the two end plates through a switching structure, and the switching tubes are switched to be communicated with the inlet tube and the outlet tube respectively by directly rotating a switching sleeve on the switching structure, so that time and labor are saved during operation, the working difficulty is reduced, smooth operation of extracorporeal blood circulation work is guaranteed, and the working efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of blood purification, in particular to an anticoagulation pump which comprises a bottom plate, an injection pushing mechanism and a liquid medicine feeding mechanism, a hemodialysis machine is fixedly installed on the upper side of the bottom plate, a blood drawing pipe is fixedly arranged on one side of the hemodialysis machine, and an infusion tube is fixedly arranged on the other side of the hemodialysis machine; a round seat frame and a box body are fixedly connected to the upper side of the bottom plate, an injector is clamped in the round seat frame, heparin can be supplemented to the injector through the injection pushing mechanism, the injector, the box body and a piston rod, heparin can be continuously injected, blood is prevented from being coagulated in the hemodialysis machine, and the hemodialysis efficiency is improved. The hemodialysis purification device has the advantages that smooth flow of blood is guaranteed, the injector does not need to be replaced, time and labor are saved during operation, long-time interruption of heparin injection is avoided, improvement of the anticoagulation effect of hemodialysis purification is facilitated, the hemodialysis purification process can be smoothly performed, and meanwhile, the working efficiency of the anticoagulation pump is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and discloses a movable continuous blood purification first-aid device which comprises a movable seat and further comprises a stabilizing mechanism arranged in the inner wall of the bottom end of the movable seat; the blood purification barrel is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top end of the movable seat, and a cover plate is arranged on the outer wall of the blood purification barrel; the cleaning mechanism is arranged in the inner wall of the blood purification barrel; the mounting mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the blood purification barrel, and an impurity output pipe is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting mechanism; wherein the stabilizing mechanism comprises a stabilizing plate; through cooperation of the stabilizing plate, the pedal A and other structures, the stabilizing plate can be moved downwards and fixed by treading the pedal A downwards, the stabilizing plate is kept in a state of being in contact with the ground, the overall stability of the device is improved, and then it is guaranteed that in the using process, it is avoided that the device topples over due to external force collision, and the blood purification operation is affected.

This product is a plastic container used in blood purification therapy.

1. Name of the product in this design: Nursing Treatment Vehicle (for use in blood purification centers). 2. Purpose of this design: for use in blood purification center nursing care. 3. The key design feature of this product is its shape. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the design's key features: the front view. 5. The bottom is not visible and has no design features; therefore, the bottom view is omitted.

The utility model relates to the technical field of blood purification, and discloses a hemodialysis chamber AB liquid barrel antifouling cover which comprises an AB liquid barrel, a sealing structure is arranged on the AB liquid barrel, a protective cover is arranged on the sealing structure, the protective cover is provided with a liquid extraction pump through the sealing structure, the protective cover comprises an upper opening part and a lower opening part, and the upper opening part is provided with an opening. The upper opening part is connected with an infusion pump through a sealing structure, the lower opening part is connected with an AB liquid barrel through a sealing structure, a barrel opening is fixedly formed in the AB liquid barrel, the outer surface of the barrel opening is movably connected with the sealing structure, and the sealing structure comprises a first sealing sleeve; an inner cavity of the first sealing sleeve is movably connected with the outer surface of the barrel opening in a sleeved mode, the outer surface of the first sealing sleeve is movably connected with an inner cavity of the lower opening in a sleeved mode, and the sealing structure further comprises a second sealing sleeve. According to the AB liquid barrel, external impurities can be prevented from entering the AB liquid barrel, and the AB liquid can be kept sterile all the time in the using process.