The invention discloses a target tracking method and system of a football robot. The target tracking method of the football robot comprises the following steps of (1) building a motion model of the football robot, (2) carrying out discretization on the motion model of the football robot to obtain a state equation of the football robot, (3) building a measurement model of the football robot, (4) building a filtering probability distribution model of a state variable xk-1 of the football robot at the time of k-1, (5) updating measurement, (6) updating prediction, (7) estimating the optimized estimated value of a state variable xk+1 of the football robot at the time of k+1, and (8) tracking a target. The target tracking system of the football robot comprises a data processor, a data storage card, a serial port communication module, a wireless communication module, an omni-directional visual module, an intelligent power module, a motion control card, a motor driving circuit module, a motor, a motor encoder and a football robot training machine. The target tracking method and system of the football robot are reasonable in design, simple and convenient to use and operate, convenient to realize, capable of rapidly and accurately tracking the target of the football robot, high in practicability, good in use effect, and high in popularization and application value.