1005results about "Preparation by halogen halide addition" patented technology

A method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene comprising (a) providing a starting composition comprising at least one compound having a structure selected from Formulae I, II and III:

CX₂═CCl—CH₂X  (Formula I)

CX₃—CCl═CH₂  (Formula II)

CX₃—CHCl—CH₂X  (Formula III)

• • wherein X is independently selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, provided that at least one X is not fluorine;

(b) contacting said starting composition with a first fluorinating agent to produce a first intermediate composition comprising 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and a first chlorine-containing byproduct; (c) contacting said first intermediate composition with a second fluorinating agent to produce a second intermediate composition comprising 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane and a second chlorine-containing byproduct; and (d) catalytically dehydrochlorinating at least a portion of said 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane to produce a reaction product comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene.

One or more materials selected from 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane, 1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrachloropropene are used as the specific materials described above. Before submitting the materials and HF to a fluorination reaction, almost all water is removed from them.To continuously manufacture useful intended products efficiently as well as to prevent deactivation of the catalyst and the accumulation of organic substances with high boiling points when manufacturing said useful 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and/or 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, by fluorinating the specific materials with HF in the presence of a catalyst.

The invention provides an economic process for the manufacture of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234ze) by a two stage process. A hydrofluorination of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFC-1233zd) into 1-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244fa) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) is conducted, followed by the dehydrochlorination of HCFC-244fa and dehydrofluorination of HFC-245fa into HFC-1234ze.

This invention relates a process for the manufacture of the HFO trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO trans-1234ze). More particularly, the invention pertains to a process for the manufacture of the HFO trans-1234ze by first dehydrofluorinating 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane to thereby produce a mixture of cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride. Then optionally recovering hydrogen fluoride and then recovering trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

The invention provides polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams and methods for the preparation thereof More particularly, the invention relates to open-celled, polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams and methods for their preparation. The foams are characterized by a fine uniform cell structure and little or no foam collapse. The foams are produced with a polyol premix composition which comprises a combination of a hydrohaloolefin blowing agent, a polyol, a silicone surfactant, and a catalyst which is an adduct of an amine and an organic acid.

The invention provides an improved process to manufacture 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) with hydrogen fluoride, in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, where by using 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) of high purity, the need to add an oxidizing agent (typically chlorine) to keep the catalyst active can be avoided. The HCFC-244bb is then used as an intermediate in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene-1 (HFO-1234yf).

The invention provides an economic process for the manufacture of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze) by a two stage process. A vapor phase hydrofluorination of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFC-1233zd) into 1-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244fa) and/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) is conducted, followed by the thermal dehydrochlorination of HCFC-244fa and dehydro fluorination of HFC-245fa into HFO-1234ze in the presence of a catalyst which comprises one or more of alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, halogenated metal oxides, zero oxidation state metals, zinc halides, palladium halides, and activated carbon.

Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that comprises, in one preferred embodiment, providing a compound of the formula CF₃CH₂CHFX, wherein X is a selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine, and exposing said compound to reaction conditions effective to convert said compound to 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. Other processes for forming 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene are also disclosed.

The invention discloses a catalyst system of chloroethylene prepared by hydrochlorinating acetylene and a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst system comprises a catalyst carrier and a catalyst, wherein the catalyst carrier is imidazole ion liquid and the catalyst is any combination of one or more of gold, platinum, palladium, tin, mercury, copper or rhodium chlorides. The preparation method of the catalyst system is to dissolve the catalyst into the catalyst carrier. Acetylene and chlorine hydride are mixed and react in the presence of the catalyst system. The preparation process realizes a liquid phase reaction for preparing chloroethylene by hydrochlorinating acetylene, avoids the loss of the catalyst system, is more environment-friendly and safer, and improves the conversion rate of the acetylene and the selectivity of the chloroethylene.

The invention discloses a mercury-free catalyst with low bullion content for acetylene hydrochlorination and application thereof and belongs to the technical field of a catalyst for the acetylene hydrochlorination and a preparation technique and a reaction process thereof. The catalyst comprises a noble metal element which accounts for 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent of the total weight of the catalyst, a common metal element which accounts for 0.1 to 5 weight percent of the total weight of the catalyst, and a carrier, wherein the noble metal element and the noble metal element exist in the form of metallic compounds. The noble metal element content of the catalyst is reduced greatly, the loading amount of a cocatalyst metallic element is also low, and the cost of the catalyst is reduced greatly; and the catalyst can replace the highly toxic mercury catalyst and is applied to the industrial production of the acetylene hydrochlorination.

Belonging to the technical field of catalysts, the invention discloses a nitrogen doped carbon material loaded catalyst. The carbon material can realize nitrogen doping by means of nitrogen containing precursor chemical coupling and other surface modification methods, also a nitrogen source and a carbon source can be introduced simultaneously at high temperature for in situ synthesis of a nitrogen doped carbon material, and then a simple substance or compound of one or more of gold, copper, manganese, potassium or bismuth can be loaded on the nitrogen doped carbon material. The nitrogen doped carbon material loaded mercury-free catalyst involved in the invention has activity and stability obviously superior to those of ordinary carbon material loaded catalysts. Under certain reaction conditions, the activity of the nitrogen doped carbon material loaded catalyst is superior to that of ordinary carbon material loaded catalysts by over 10%. The carbon material and the catalyst disclosed in the invention are green and non-toxic, and have good environmental benefits. The process involved in the invention is simple, economical and feasible.

A process for making 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane comprising hydrofluorinating 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of: SbCl3, SbCl5, SbF₅, TiCl₄, SnCl₄, Cr₂O₃, and fluorinated Cr₂O₃.

The invention relates to the preparation of 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-235fa), useful as an intermediate in the production of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa). The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of HFC-245fa comprising reacting HCFC-235fa with hydrogen in the presence of a reduction catalyst wherein the said HCFC-235fa is prepared by reacting CCl3CHCCl3 with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of fluorination catalyst in either the liquid phase or the vapor phase.

The invention relates to a non-mercuric catalyst used in hydrochlorination of acetylene and a method for preparing vinyl chloride by using the catalyst. The non-mercuric catalyst used in hydrochlorination of acetylene for preparing vinyl chloride comprises main active ingredients-gold salts, auxiliary active ingredients-non precious metal salts and a carrier, wherein the main active ingredients are gold salts and can be halides, complexes and the like of gold; gold in the gold salts accounts for 0.1-10% by weight of the catalyst; the auxiliary active ingredients are non precious metal salts and can be halides, acetates, phosphates, complexes and the like of potassium, barium, lanthanum and copper; the non precious metal salts account for 0.1-10% by weight of the catalyst; and the carrier is activated carbon, comprising coconut shell carbon, coal carbon, nutshell carbon or silica gel. The non-mercuric catalyst can be prepared by the conventional impregnation method, has simple preparation method, is environment-friendly and has the advantages of less by-products, good stability and long service life. The conversion rate of acetylene can be 90-99% and the selectivity of vinyl chloride is not lower than 99%.

Methane is used as the selective dehydrating agent for the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf) from 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol. Supported transition metal catalysts are prepared and used for this reaction with high activity. Almost 58% selectivity to R1234yf is obtained at an alcohol conversion level of 60% using unsupported Ni-mesh as the catalyst. Pd and Pt show almost similar level of conversion; however, the selectivity to the desired product is low. The activity of the metal catalyst was found to be a function of the type of support material, activated carbon showing better activity than alumina. Different important process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and contact time are studied to optimize the process. High pressure and temperature are deleterious to the rate of 1234yf formation; yet, the highest yield to 1234yf is obtained while performing a reaction at 494° C. with a contact time of 23 sec.

The invention provides an economic process for the manufacture of the hydrofluorocarbon 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC-1225zc). HFC-1225zc can be made from the dehydrochlorination of 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-235fa). Alternatively, HFC-1225zc can also be made from the dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa). HFC-1225zc) is a compound that has the potential to be used as a low Global Warming Potential refrigerant, blowing agent, aerosol propellant, or solvent.

The present invention relates to new types of processes for the improved preparation of homofarnesol, in particular of (3E,7E)-homofarnesol and homofarnesol preparations with an increased content of (3E,7E)-homofarnesol (also referred to as all E-homofarnesol).

The invention provides a method for separating halocarbons. In particular, a method for separating 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) from 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) based on differences in melting points of these compounds. More particularly the invention pertains to a method for separating HCFC-244bb from HCFO-1233xf which are useful as intermediates in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf).

The invention discloses a nitrogen-doped active carbon catalyzer and application of the nitrogen-doped active carbon catalyzer in chloroethylene synthesis. The preparation method of the nitrogen-doped active carbon catalyzer comprises the following steps that a nitrogen-containing compound is dissolved in water to obtain a nitride solution, then active carbon is added in the nitride solution to be dipped, at last the dipped active carbon is dried completely and calcined in nitrogen, and the nitrogen-doped active carbon catalyzer is prepared. Additionally, the active carbon can be placed in a tube furnace, nitrogen is pumped in the tube furnace at high temperature, and the nitrogen-doped active carbon catalyzer is prepared. The nitrogen-doped active carbon catalyzer has a good catalytic performance in catalyzing ethyne and chlorine hydride to react with each other to synthesize chloroethylene. The catalyzer is more environmental friendly than an active carbon catalyzer carrying metal ions in the prior art.