15747 results about "Ionic liquid" patented technology

The present invention relates to a droplet microreactor, i.e. a microreactor consisting of a droplet of a specific liquid, the microreactor being wall-less, wherein the interface of the specific liquid with the ambient environment and with the support on which the droplet is deposited defines the limits of the microreactor. The microreactor is characterized in that it consists of a droplet comprising at least one ionic liquid. The present invention also relates to methods for carrying out chemical or biochemical reactions and / or mixes using said droplet microreactor, and also to a lab-on-chip comprising a microreactor according to the invention.

The present invention pertains to a method for manufacturing alkylate oil using a composite ionic liquid as catalyst. A mixture of isobutane and C4 olefins is used as the raw material, and a composite ionic liquid is used as catalyst to carry out an alkylation reaction. The alkane / olefin ratio in the raw material is higher than 1:1. In the composition of the aforementioned composite ionic liquid catalyst, the cations come from a hydrohalide of an alkyl-containing amine or pyridine, while the anions are composite coordinate anions coming from two or more metal compounds. One of the metal compounds is an aluminum compound, while other metal compounds are compounds of Group IB and Group IIB elements of the Periodic Table and the transition metals. The present invention also provides a design of static mixer reaction apparatus that can realize the aforementioned manufacturing method. The method of the present invention increases the selectivity of the alkylation reaction to give the alkylation product a relatively high octane number and further increase the product yield. Also, the manufacturing operation is simplified, and the cost can be reduced. This method is an environmentally friendly method that will not pollute the environment.

The present invention pertains to a method for manufacturing alkylate oil using a composite ionic liquid as catalyst. A mixture of isobutane and C4 olefins is used as the raw material, and a composite ionic liquid is used as catalyst to carry out an alkylation reaction. The alkane / olefin ratio in the raw material is higher than 1:1. In the composition of the aforementioned composite ionic liquid catalyst, the cations come from a hydrohalide of an alkyl-containing amine or pyridine, while the anions are composite coordinate anions coming from two or more metal compounds. One of the metal compounds is an aluminum compound, while other metal compounds are compounds of Group IB and Group IIB elements of the Periodic Table and the transition metals. The present invention also provides a design of static mixer reaction apparatus that can realize the aforementioned manufacturing method. The method of the present invention increases the selectivity of the alkylation reaction to give the alkylation product a relatively high octane number and further increase the product yield. Also, the manufacturing operation is simplified, and the cost can be reduced. This method is an environmentally friendly method that will not pollute the environment.

An integrated refining process for the production of high quality gasoline blending components from low value components is disclosed. In addition there is disclosed a method of improving the operating efficiency of a refinery by reducing fuel gas production and simultaneously producing high quality gasoline blending components of low volatility. The processes involve the alkylation of a refinery stream containing pentane with ethylene using an ionic liquid catalyst.

The present invention relates to processes utilizing ionic liquids for the dissolution of various polymers and / or copolymers, the formation of resins and blends, and the reconstitution of polymer and / or copolymer solutions, and the dissolution and blending of “functional additives” and / or various polymers and / or copolymers to form advanced composite materials.

A catalyst composition and process for the conversion of linear and / or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a Brønsted Acid, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

A method for lignocellulose conversion to sugar with improvements in yield and rate of sugar production has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially improves the efficiency (in terms of yield and reaction rates) of saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel through well established fermentation technologies. These sugars also form the feedstocks for production of variety of chemicals and polymers. The complex structure of biomass requires proper pretreatment to enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars. Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the enzyme cellulase) and low yields.

A highly dispersed iron-based ionic liquid or liquid-gel catalyst which may be anion-modified and metals-promoted has high catalytic activity, and is useful for hydrocracking / hydrogenation reactions for carbonaceous feed materials. The catalyst is produced by aqueous precipitation from saturated iron salt solutions such as ferric sulfate and ferric alum, and may be modified during preparation with anionic sulfate (SO42-) and promoted with small percentages of at least one active metal such as cobalt, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, nickel, or tungsten or mixtures thereof. The resulting catalyst may be used in a preferred ionic liquid form or in a liquid-gel form, and either fluidic form can be easily mixed and reacted with carbonaceous feed materials such as coal, heavy petroleum fractions, mixed plastic waste, or mixtures thereof. The invention includes methods for making the ionic liquid or liquid-gel catalyst, and processes for using the fluidic catalysts for hydroprocessing the carbonaceous feed materials to produce desirable low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products.

A process and method for separating CO2 from a gaseous stream such as natural gas. An ionic liquid comprising an anion having a carboxylate function is used as an adsorbent to selectively complex the CO2 yielding a gaseous stream with a greatly reduced CO2 content. The ionic liquid can then be readily be regenerated and recycled.

Methods for preparing a series of mesoporous silicates, such as room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-templated mesoporous silicate particles, with various particle morphologies are provided. Methods for preparing silicate particles with antimicrobial agents within the MSN pores is also provided. The particles can be used as controlled-release nanodevices to deliver antimicrobial agents.

Methods for fabricating arrays of nanoscaled alternating lamellae or cylinders in a polymer matrix having improved long range order utilizing self-assembling block copolymers, and films and devices formed from these methods are provided.

The present invention is directed to the use of carbon nanotubes and / or electrolyte structures comprising ionic liquids in various electrochemical devices, such as ultracapacitors.

Methods are described for converting carbohydrates including, e.g., monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides in ionic liquids to value-added chemicals including furans, useful as chemical intermediates and / or feedstocks. Fructose is converted to 5-hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) in the presence of metal halide and acid catalysts. Glucose is effectively converted to HMF in the presence of chromium chloride catalysts. Yields of up to about 70% are achieved with low levels of impurities such as levulinic acid.

The present invention provides wood derivatives and composite materials prepared by first solvating a lignocellulosic material using an ionic liquid. The solvated lignocellulosic material can be derivatized to incorporate functional groups, particularly groups that facilitate later combination with polymer materials, including non-polymer polymers. The polymeric materials can be combined with the derivatized lignocellulosic material in solution, or the derivatized lignocellulosic material can be isolated and later combined with the polymeric material in a melt. The invention encompasses a variety of wood derivatives, composites, and nanocomposites useful for preparing multiple types of products, including membranes, fibers, and formed parts.

The present invention provides a method for converting lignocellulosic material into biofuel. In particular embodiments, the method comprises pre-treating lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material in ionic liquids. The pretreated lignocellulosic material can be isolated, such as by precipitation with a regenerating solvent (e.g., water), and be used directly in the formation of biofuel, including undergoing hydrolysis to form sugar and fermentation to form fuel, such as bioethanol. The ionic liquid can be recycled for further use, such as by evaporation of the water introduced during precipitation, and the recycling provides a route to a hemicellulose rich fraction and an ionic liquid of consistent quality and wood dissolution characteristics. The recovered hemicelluloses are of significant utilization potential toward commodity and specialty applications.

The present invention relates to a hybrid vapor compression-absorption cooling or heating system and apparatus containing a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid. The present invention also provides for the performance of a hybrid vapor compression-absorption cycle that utilizes refrigerants and absorbents such as fluorocarbon gases in fluorinated ionic liquids. The present invention also provides a method of cooling by the execution of a hybrid vapor compression-absorption cycle using a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid. The present invention also provides a method of heating by the execution of a hybrid vapor compression-absorption cycle using a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid.

This invention relates to novel compositions comprising regioselectively substituted cellulose esters. One aspect of the invention relates to processes for preparing regioselectively substituted cellulose esters from cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids. Another aspect of the invention relates to the utility of regioselectively substituted cellulose esters in applications such as protective and compensation films for liquid crystalline displays.

The present invention provides methods for the thermolysis of lignocellulosic materials, such as wood, cellulose, lignin, and lignocellulose. In specific embodiments, the methods comprise combining the lignocellulosic material with an ionic liquid and subjecting the mixture of the lignocellulosic material and the ionic media to pyrolytic conditions to form a recoverable product, such as a commodity chemical.

One aspect of the present invention relates to ionic liquids comprising a pendant Bronsted-acidic group, e.g., a sulfonic acid group. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid comprising a pendant Bronsted-acidic group to catalyze a Bronsted-acid-catalyzed chemical reaction. A third aspect of the present invention relates to ionic liquids comprising a pendant nucleophilic group, e.g., an amine. Still another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid comprising a pendant nucleophilic group to catalyze a nucleophile-assisted chemical reaction. A fifth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid comprising a pendant nucleophilic group to remove a gaseous impurity, e.g., carbon dioxide, from a gas, e.g., sour natural gas.

The present invention relates to the use of ionic liquids as flame retardants. The compounds of the invention may be used as flame retardants in various materials without causing damage to the environment and or health of humans or animals. Ionic liquid flame retardants maybe applied alone or in combination with traditional flame retardants. Ionic liquid flame retardants can be applied to finish textile, plastic, leather, paper, rubber or as wild fire flame retardants.

This invention relates to a process for removing polarizable impurities from hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons using ionic liquids as an extraction medium. By way of extraction, the degree of contamination of the hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons is reduced to a low or very low level. The specific ionic liquids are compounds of the Formula 1, which are organic salts that are liquid or can be melted to form a liquid and that can form at least a biphasic mixture with a hydrocarbon. The process is suitable for purifying a wide range of hydrocarbons under a wide range of process conditions.

A lubricant including an ionic liquid, which includes a conjugate acid (B+) and a conjugate base (X−), and is protic, wherein the conjugate acid includes a straight-chain hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms, and wherein the conjugate base is represented by the following general formula (1):where n is an integer of from 0 to 6 in the general formula (1).

A process for the production of a high quality gasoline blending components from refinery process streams by the alkylation of light isoparaffins with olefins using an ionic liquid catalyst is disclosed. The alkylation process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one isoparaffin having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms under alkylation conditions, said catalyst comprising a mixture of at least one acidic ionic liquid and at least one alkyl halide. In one embodiment, the acidic ionic liquid is chloroaluminate ionic liquid prepared by mixing aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and a hydrocarbyl substituted pyridinium halide, a hydrocarbyl substituted imidazolium halide, trialkylammonium hydrohalide or tetraalkylammonium halide of the general formulas A, B, C and D, respectively,where R=H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl group and X is a halide and preferably a chloride, and R1 and R2=H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl group and where R1 and R2 may or may not be the same, and R3, R4, and R5 and R6=methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl group and where R3, R4, R5 and R6 may or may not be the same.

A lubricant including: an ionic liquid, which includes a conjugate acid (B+) and a conjugate base (X−), and is protic, wherein the ionic liquid is represented by the following general formula (1), and wherein the conjugate base is a conjugate base of sulfonic acid, a conjugate base of sulfonimide, or a conjugate base of trisulfonylmethide:where R1 and R2 each represent a hydrogen atom or R1 and R2 form a benzene ring together with carbon atoms to which R1 and R2 are bonded, R3 represents a to straight-chain hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms, and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group in the general formula (1).

The present invention relates to amino acid ion liquid for absorbing acidic gas. The anion of ion liquid is amino acid, amino acid ramification, similar to amino acid ion, imidazole cation, phosphoric cation, amine cation, ammoniumate cation and etc. After dipping craft, all ions can adhere to poriferous solid to absorb acidic gas such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide emitted by flue and motor vehicles.

A process for the production of a high quality gasoline blending components from refinery process streams by the alkylation of light isoparaffins with olefins using an ionic liquid catalyst is disclosed. The process includes reacting a refinery stream containing isopentane and / or isobutane with a refinery stream containing ethylene and / or propylene and butylenes under alkylation conditions in the presence of a chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst comprising a hydrocarbyl substituted pyridinium chloroaluminate or a hydrocarbyl substituted imidazolium chloroaluminate of the general formulas A and B, respectively.Where R═H, methlyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl group and X is a chloroaluminate, and R1 and R2=H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl group and where R1 and R2 may or may not be the same.

A method to prepare porous medium decorated with nanoparticles involves contacting a suspension of nanoparticles in an ionic liquid with a porous medium such that the particles diffuse into the pores of the medium followed by heating the resulting composition to a temperature equal to or greater than the thermal decomposition temperature of the ionic liquid resulting in the removal of the liquid portion of the suspension. The nanoparticles can be a metal, an alloy, or a metal compound. The resulting compositions can be used as catalysts, sensors, or separators.

In a display device that includes a display space provided on a display surface side and a liquid sealed inside the display space so as to be operable and is constituted so as to be able to change a display color on the display surface side according to an application of an electric field to the liquid, the liquid is an ionic liquid containing an ambient temperature molten salt combining a cation and an anion. Further, an amount of water blended in the liquid is 0 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the ionic liquid. This makes it possible both to reduce a voltage to be applied to the liquid so as to allow driving at a low voltage and to improve an operation performance.