The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of bio-based platform compounds, and discloses a method for preparing 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural by
photocatalysis of glucose with a
composite membrane, which comprises the following steps: by taking the
composite membrane as a catalyst, mixing a glucose
aqueous solution and a
solvent under illumination conditions, and carrying out catalytic reaction to obtain crude 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural production liquid; the method is used for solving the problems of low conversion rate, more byproducts, difficulty in continuous preparation, poor
water resistance, strong
corrosion and the like of the synthesis of 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural. According to the method, a glucose solution passes through a
composite membrane assembled by a mesoporous high-entropy
sulfide membrane and a microporous
zeolite molecular sieve membrane in a
continuous flow manner, is efficiently isomerized into
fructose under the action of illumination, and is dehydrated and continuously converted into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The composite membrane used in the method is high in
water resistance, clean and non-toxic, has double functions of reaction and separation, effectively prevents the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from further reacting with substances such as water and the like to generate
humus, and realizes high-selectivity and continuous preparation of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.