10666 results about "Formic acid" patented technology

Disclosed is a heat treatment unit 4 serving as a heat treatment apparatus, which includes a chamber 42 for containing a wafer W on which a low dielectric constant interlayer insulating film is formed, a formic acid supply device 44 for supplying gaseous formic acid into the chamber 42, and a heater 43 for heating the wafer W in the chamber 42 which is supplied with formic acid by the formic acid supply device 44.

A system is disclosed for hydrogen generation based on hydrolysis of solid chemical hydrides with the capability of controlled startup and stop characteristics wherein regulation of acid concentration, acid feed rate, or a combination of both control the rate of hydrogen generation. The system comprises a first chamber for storing a solid chemical hydride and a second chamber for storing an acidic reagent. The solid chemical hydride is a solid metal borohydride having the general formula MBH₄, where M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, aluminum cation, zinc cation, and ammonium cation. The acidic reagent may comprise inorganic acids such as the mineral acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, or mixtures thereof.

A method of producing nano-scaled graphene platelets with an average thickness smaller than 30 nm from a layered graphite material. The method comprises (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, the layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon the cathode and the anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for effecting the electrochemical reaction; (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite; and (c) subjecting the exfoliated graphite to a mechanical shearing treatment to produce the nano-scaled graphene platelets. Preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid and acetic acid. The exfoliation step in the instant invention does not involve the evolution of undesirable species, such as NO_x and SO_x, which are common by-products of exfoliating conventional sulfuric or nitric acid-intercalated graphite compounds. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites. Nano-scaled graphene platelets are much lower-cost alternatives to carbon nano-tubes or carbon nano-fibers.

An environmentally beneficial method of producing methanol from varied sources of carbon dioxide including flue gases of fossil fuel burning powerplants, industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere itself. Converting carbon dioxide by electrochemical reduction produces formic acid acid and some formaldehyde and methanol mixtures. The formic acid can be used as source of carbon as well as hydrogen to produce methanol, dimethyl ether and other products.

A method of enhancing removal of photoresist and/or resist residue from a substrate includes exposing the substrate to an environmentally friendly, non-hazardous co-solvent mixture comprising a carbonate, an oxidizer and an accelerator. The stripping process may be performed under ambient conditions, or in the presence of a supercritical fluid such as supercritical carbon dioxide with the supercritical cleaning step itself being a desirable "green" process. In one embodiment, the co-solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and an accelerator such as formic acid. If desired, supercritical carbon dioxide in combination with a second co-solvent mixture may be subsequently applied to the substrate to rinse and dry the substrate. In one embodiment, the second co-solvent mixture includes a lower alkyl alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol.

Catalysts comprised of at least one catalytically active element and at least one helper catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts may be used to increase the rate, the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts may be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including in particular the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid.

Advantageous aqueous mixed salt systems viscosified with water-soluble or water-dispersable polymers which are superior to corresponding single salt systems of similar densities are provided. The mixed salt systems comprise water; a water-soluble or water-dispersable polymer capable of viscosifying an aqueous medium; one or more cations including a member selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or mixtures thereof; and one or more anions including a member selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, formate, nitrate, acetate, cyanate, thiocyanate, a zinc complex anion or mixtures thereof; there being present either at least two cations or at least two anions. Inventive viscosified mixed salt systems display-under such stressing factors as aging, heat, mechanical agitation, and shear-greater stability compared to the single salt systems of similar densities. Also provided are methods for making viscosified mixed salt systems and methods for advantageously using the same as drilling, drill-in, completion, hydraulic fracturing, work-over, packer, well treating, testing, spacer, or hole abandonment fluids.

The use of collagen as a biomedical implant raises safety issues towards viruses and prions. The physicochemical changes and the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of collagen treated with heat, and by formic acid (FA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), tetrafluoroethanol (TFE) and hexafluoroiso-propanol (HFIP) were investigated. FA and TFA resulted in extensive depurination of nucleic acids while HFIP and TFE did so to a lesser degree. The molecules of FA, and most importantly of TFA, remained within collagen. Although these two acids induced modification in the secondary structure of collagen, resistance to collagenase was not affected and, in vitro, cell growth was not impaired. Severe dehydrothermal treatment, for example 110° C. for 1-3 days under high vacuum, also succeeded in removing completely nucleic acids. Since this treatment also leads to slight cross-linking, it could be advantageously used to eliminate prion and to stabilize gelatin products. Finally, prolonged treatment with TFA provides a transparent collagen, which transparency is further enhanced by adding glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans, particularly hyaluronic acid. All the above treatments could offer a safe and biocompatible collagen-derived material for diverse biomedical uses, by providing a virus or prion-free product.

The present invention relates to a method of producing methanol from a methane source by oxidizing methane under conditions sufficient to a mixture of methanol and formaldehyde while minimizing the formation of formic acid and carbon dioxide. The oxidation step is followed by treatment step in which formaldehyde is converted into methanol and formic acid which itself can further be converted into methanol via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediately formed methyl formate.

The present invention relates to a variety of conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound having a special structure and an additive and a method for preparing the same, more particularly to conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound obtained by reacting a metal or metal compound with an ammonium carbamate- or ammonium carbonate-based compound and an additive and a method for preparing the same.

The invention discloses a silk fibroin nanofiber membrane and a preparation method of the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps of: dissolving natural silk taken as a main raw material by an acid salt solution, forming a membrane, desalting the membrane, dissolving the membrane by methanoic acid and hexafluoroisopropanol to prepare a spinning solution, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to prepare the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane. The silk fibroin nanofiber membrane comprises fibers with the diameter of 10nm-10 microns and has the excellent mechanical property, the breaking strength of greater than 8Mpa at dry state, the breaking elongation of greater than 15% at dry state, the breaking strength of greater than 1Mpa at wet state and the breaking elongation of greater than 100% at wet state. In addition, the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane prepared by the method is stable and controllable in structure, has good biocompatibility and can serve as a medicinal biological material. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and short in flow path, has high film formation and spinning efficiency and is suitable for industrialization large-scale production.

The preparation of novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel aims to overcome a plurality of defects caused by replacing alcohols fuel with gasoline. The invention discloses the novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel which comprises the following components of 50-95 parts of main alcohols fuel, 3-30 parts of low-temperature ignition auxiliary material, 0.1-20 parts of burning value reinforcing agent, 0-15 parts of dispersant, 0-0.05 part of smoke abatement burning agent, 0-5 parts of ignition accelerating agent, 0-0.04 part of antioxidant, 0-0.3 part of emulsification dispersing agent, 0-0.08 part of metal anticorrosion inhibiter, 0-0.8 part of rubber plastic anti-dissolving additive, 0-8 parts of air-resistance regulating agent, 0-6 parts of fuel lubricating agent and 0-0.7 part of glyoxylic acid neutralizer. According to the novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel, low temperature ignitability is improved, dynamic performance is enhanced, burning is sufficient, discharging is environment-friendly and free form pollution, corrosivity of the alcohols fuel on metal can be controlled, swelling performance of the alcohols fuel on rubber can be controlled and the air resistance phenomenon can be effectively prevented.

Disclosed are antioxidant compositions comprising of: (1) an organomolybdenum compound; (2) an alkylated diphenylamine; and (3) a sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of: (a) thiadiazole; (b) dithiocarbamate; and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b).

This invention pertains to certain active carbamic acid compounds which inhibit HDAC activity and which have the following formula:

wherein: A is an aryl group; Q¹ is a covalent bond or an aryl leader group; J is an amide linkage selected from: —NR¹C(═O)— and —C(═O)NR¹—; R¹ is an amido substituent; X is an ether heteroatom, and is —O— or —S—; and, R² and R³ are each independently an ether group; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs thereof. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit HDAC, and, e.g., to inhibit proliferative conditions, such as cancer and psoriasis.

A dishwasher detergent containing a builder and one or more magnesium and/or zinc salt(s) of at least one monomeric and/or polymeric organic acid, excluding zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate, and zinc oxalate. A method of inhibiting glass corrosion by treatment with one or more salts of magnesium and/or zinc with organic acids, excluding formic acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid.

A process for producing levulinic acid and its esters from biomass is disclosed comprising: (i) feed preparation module characterized by subjecting biomass to a high-temperature refining treatment; (ii) hydrolysis reaction module that facilitates the hydrolysis of biomass to its respective sugars and their subsequent transformation to levulinic acid, formic acid, furfural, and char as well as facilitates the separation of lignin-based char by-product; (iii) product separation and recovery module utilizing a solvent extraction technique such as using furfural by-product as extracting solvent; and (iv) optionally, conversion of levulinic acid to levulinate ester. When desired, the disclosed process may be integrated into existing pulp mills.

The invention provides a water-based drilling fluid composition containing an amine compound, which comprises the following components: a 0.5 to 5 weight percent of water-based amine compound as shown in formula I: RHN-Y-[OY']X-NHR', wherein Y, Y',x, R and R' are as defined in a manual; 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of water-based tackifier which is selected from one or more types of xanthan gum, acrylamide-acrylic copolymer and hydroxyl ethyl cellulose; 0.5 to 5 weight percent of water-based fluid loss agent which is selected from one or more types of modified lignite, acrylic polymer, modified starch and modified cellulose; 2 to 12 weight percent of water-based inhibitor which is selected from one or more types of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, formic acid, formic acid sodium, potassium chloride and epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride; and the composition can also further comprises coating agent, weighting agent, lubricant, borehole stabilizer and the like. The water-based drilling fluid composition has good inhibiting performance to clay shale drilling cuttings.

This invention pertains to certain active carbamic acid compounds which inhibit HDAC activity and which have the following formula: (I) A is an aryl group; Q¹ is a covalent bond or an aryl leader group; J is a sulfonamide linkage selected from: —S(═O)₂NR¹— and —NR¹S(═O)₂—; R¹ is a sulfonamido substituent; and, Q² is an acid leader group; with the proviso that if J is —S(═O)₂NR¹—, then Q¹ is an aryl leader group; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs thereof. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit HDAC, and, e.g., to inhibit proliferative conditions, such as cancer and psoriasis.

The invention relates to a cellulose extracting technology, and specifically relates to a technology that utilizes organic acids to extract cellulose from biomass raw materials in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide catalyst. The technology comprises the following steps: in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide catalyst, utilizing an organic acid to cook biomass raw materials, wherein the organic acid is composed of formic acid with a concentration of 70 to 95 wt% and acetic acid with a concentration of 70 to 95 wt%; extracting and screening so as to obtain screened cellulose pulp; and further bleaching the screened pulp so as to obtain the target cellulose; wherein the cellulose is dissolving pulp or industrial cellulose. The alpha-cellulose content of the cellulose obtained by the method provided by the invention is more than 90 wt%. The technology has the advantages of simple route and low energy consumption.