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4881 results about "Formic acid" patented technology

Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid. The chemical formula is CH₂O₂. The chemical composition is HCOOH. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. The word "formic" comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies. Esters, salts, and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates.

Electrochemical method of producing nano-scaled graphene platelets

A method of producing nano-scaled graphene platelets with an average thickness smaller than 30 nm from a layered graphite material. The method comprises (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, the layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon the cathode and the anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for effecting the electrochemical reaction; (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite; and (c) subjecting the exfoliated graphite to a mechanical shearing treatment to produce the nano-scaled graphene platelets. Preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid and acetic acid. The exfoliation step in the instant invention does not involve the evolution of undesirable species, such as NOx and SOx, which are common by-products of exfoliating conventional sulfuric or nitric acid-intercalated graphite compounds. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites. Nano-scaled graphene platelets are much lower-cost alternatives to carbon nano-tubes or carbon nano-fibers.
Owner:GLOBAL GRAPHENE GRP INC

Prion-free collagen and collagen-derived products and implants for multiple biomedical applications; methods of making thereof

The use of collagen as a biomedical implant raises safety issues towards viruses and prions. The physicochemical changes and the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of collagen treated with heat, and by formic acid (FA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), tetrafluoroethanol (TFE) and hexafluoroiso-propanol (HFIP) were investigated. FA and TFA resulted in extensive depurination of nucleic acids while HFIP and TFE did so to a lesser degree. The molecules of FA, and most importantly of TFA, remained within collagen. Although these two acids induced modification in the secondary structure of collagen, resistance to collagenase was not affected and, in vitro, cell growth was not impaired. Severe dehydrothermal treatment, for example 110° C. for 1-3 days under high vacuum, also succeeded in removing completely nucleic acids. Since this treatment also leads to slight cross-linking, it could be advantageously used to eliminate prion and to stabilize gelatin products. Finally, prolonged treatment with TFA provides a transparent collagen, which transparency is further enhanced by adding glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans, particularly hyaluronic acid. All the above treatments could offer a safe and biocompatible collagen-derived material for diverse biomedical uses, by providing a virus or prion-free product.
Owner:UNIV LAVAL

Method for cogeneration of 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural, acetylpropionic acid and formic acid by high temperature catalytic dehydration of glucose in formic acid

The invention discloses a method for coproduction of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, an acetylpropionic acid and a formic acid through high-temperature catalysis and dehydration of the formic acid of glucose. The method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, establishment of a formic acid reaction system, namely the glucose is added into the formic acid solution, and the weight ratio of the glucose to the formic acid in the reaction system is 0.05-0.2 to 1; and the mixture is reacted for 2 to 6 hours in the presence of the catalyst at a temperature of between 120 and 220 DEG C which is higher than the boiling temperature of the formic acid, and the reaction system is single-phase reaction or biphase reaction; and secondly, separation of products after reaction by a fractionating tower device, namely graded separation of 5-HMF, LA and the formic acid. The method can convert the glucose into the products, namely the 5-HMF, the LA and the formic acid with high added values through effective acid catalysis and dehydration, and has high conversion of reactant during the reaction process and obvious economic benefit; and the 5-HMF, the LA and the formic acid can be directly taken as chemical products to be further converted, and are good raw materials for synthesizing other chemical products.
Owner:SOUTH CHINA UNIV OF TECH

Method for reclaiming carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material

The invention relates to a method for reclaiming a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material. The conventional method is high in equipment requirement and high in reclamation cost. The method comprises the following steps of: adding a catalyst into an organic reagent to prepare supercritical CO2 composite solution; putting the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material tobe decomposed into a reaction kettle, and adding the supercritical CO2 composite solution; and reacting for 1 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 100 and 250 DEG C under the pressure of 7.5 to 25.0MPa, cooling the product to normal temperature, washing and drying the solid product in the product to obtain carbon fibers, and performing reduced pressure distillation on the liquid product in the product to obtain phenol and derivatives thereof. The catalyst is one or two of liquid super acid, solid super acid, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The method has the advantages of high degradation efficiency, environmental friendliness, low cost and the like, and is a green method for reclaiming the waste and old carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material.
Owner:NINGBO INST OF MATERIALS TECH & ENG CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCI

Method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by carrying out catalytic hydrodeoxygenation on lignin

The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by carrying out catalytic hydrodeoxygenation on lignin. A catalyst used in the method provided by the invention comprises two active components, namely an acid site being one or combination of more than one of transition metal elements niobium, tantalum, zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium and a hydrogenation or hydrogen transfer active site being one or more than one of ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. According to the method provided by the invention, a phenol group, a guaiacol group, a syringa phenolic group compound, natural lignin and industrial lignin are taken as raw materials, water is taken as a solvent, high selectivity catalytic hydrodeoxygenation is carried out at the temperature of 180-350 DEG C and hydrogen pressure of 0.1-5MPa or with methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and formic acid as hydrogen sources, so that C6-C9 aromatic hydrocarbon is obtained, the highest mass yield of aromatic hydrocarbon is 10%, and content of aromatic hydrocarbon in product oil can be up to more than 75%. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that reproducible natural biomass can be used as a raw material, and the raw material is cheap and available; the water is taken as the solvent, so that a reaction process is environment-friendly; and content of aromatic hydrocarbon in the product is high, and reaction conditions are mild.
Owner:EAST CHINA UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Method for preparing fuel ethanol from bamboo fibers

The invention discloses a method for preparing fuel ethanol from bamboo fibers. The method comprises the following steps that: waste from bamboo (or other non-wood biomass) processing is used as a raw material, the raw material is cut, dried, crushed and passed through a 80-mesh sieve, the powder passing through the 80-mesh sieve is fine bamboo powder and the powder failing to pass through the 80-mesh sieve is coarse bamboo powder; the coarse bamboo powder is cooked in a mixed liquid of formic acid, acetic acid and water for hydrolyzing hemicellulose and delignification, and fibers are obtained and subjected to hydrolysis by an organic acid to form a reducing monosaccharide; the fine bamboo powder is hydrolyzed directly by the organic acid to form the reducing monosaccharide; the reducing monosaccharide obtained from the hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses, the fibers and the fine bamboo powder are detoxicated by an excess amount of Ca(OH)2, the pH of the mixture is reduced, and the fuel ethanol is obtained after fermentation and rectification. The method for producing the fuel ethanol ensures the yield of the fuel ethanol, reduces the energy consumption for hydrolysis, and allows the organic acid used for hydrolysis to be recycled. In addition, the process of the fuel ethanol preparation using the method requires less water, and reduces environmental pollution and cost.
Owner:RES INST OF SUBTROPICAL FORESTRY CHINESE ACAD OF FORESTRY

Vacuum eutectic welding method

The invention belongs to a micro-electronic encapsulation technology and specifically relates to a vacuum eutectic welding method. The method comprises the following steps: reducing gas formic acid vapor or hydrogen is introduced during a vacuum eutectic welding process, so as to reduce an oxidized welding material on a surface layer of a preformed welding material sheet and reduce the oxidized dreg of a welded surface; during a heating process, nitrogen is introduced and the heating rate is increased, so as to shorten the eutectic time and avoid the efficacy loss caused by chip over-welding or high-temperature accelerated ageing; and vacuumizing is carried out during an eutectic process, so as to reduce and even avoid voidage of the welded surface, increase the penetration rate of the chip and reduce the contact resistance and thermal resistance. According to the invention, the problem of the oxidized dreg on the welded surface caused by the oxidation of the surface layer of the welding material sheet in the prior art is overcome; the demand on storage conditions of the welding material sheet is reduced; the eutectic time is shortened; the efficacy loss caused by chip over-welding or high-temperature accelerated ageing is avoided; the void ratio is reduced; and the vacuum eutectic welding method has the characteristics of high reliability, high yield and low cost.
Owner:WUXI HUACE ELECTRONICS SYST

Platinum-induced aurum core/ palladium platinum island-shaped alloy shell structure nanorod solution and preparation method

The invention relates to a platinum-induced aurum core/ palladium platinum island-shaped alloy shell structure nanorod solution and a preparation method. The structure consists of a cylindrical aurum nanorod inner core and an island-shaped porous palladium platinum alloy shell coated on the outer surface of the inner core. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly preparing aurum crystal seed solution; secondly, preparing aurum nanorod solution and purifying the aurum nanorod solution; thirdly, mixing the purified aurum nanorod solution, chloropalladate solution and potassium tetrachloroplatinate solution and uniformly shaking the mixture, and adding ascorbic acid water solution into the mixture to obtain mixed solution; and placing the mixed solution in constant-temperature water bath for reaction and then adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide water solution into the mixed solution and finally performing the centrifugal separation on the mixed solution to obtain platinum-induced aurum core/ palladium platinum island-shaped alloy shell structure nanorod solution. The solution has the advantages of high catalyzing capability, high catalyzing efficiency and high CO poisoning resistance for electrocatalysis oxidation of formic acid, low costs and the like, and is used for directly preparing a formic acid fuel cell catalyst. In addition, the method is simple, low-energy, environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency.
Owner:THE NAT CENT FOR NANOSCI & TECH NCNST OF CHINA
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