10830 results about "Formic acid" patented technology

Disclosed is a heat treatment unit 4 serving as a heat treatment apparatus, which includes a chamber 42 for containing a wafer W on which a low dielectric constant interlayer insulating film is formed, a formic acid supply device 44 for supplying gaseous formic acid into the chamber 42, and a heater 43 for heating the wafer W in the chamber 42 which is supplied with formic acid by the formic acid supply device 44.

A system is disclosed for hydrogen generation based on hydrolysis of solid chemical hydrides with the capability of controlled startup and stop characteristics wherein regulation of acid concentration, acid feed rate, or a combination of both control the rate of hydrogen generation. The system comprises a first chamber for storing a solid chemical hydride and a second chamber for storing an acidic reagent. The solid chemical hydride is a solid metal borohydride having the general formula MBH4, where M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, aluminum cation, zinc cation, and ammonium cation. The acidic reagent may comprise inorganic acids such as the mineral acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, or mixtures thereof.

A method of preserving wood includes injecting into the wood an effective amount of a aqueous wood-injectable biocidal slurry, said a wood-injectable biocidal slurry containing dispersants and sub-micron biocidal particles selected from at least one of the following classes: 1) a plurality of particles containing at least 25% by weight of a solid phase of sparingly soluble salts selected from copper salts, nickel salts, tin salts, and / or zinc salts; 2) a plurality of particles containing at least 25% by weight of a solid phase of sparingly soluble metal hydroxides selected from copper hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, tin hydroxide, and / or zinc hydroxide; 3) a plurality of particles containing at least 25% by weight of a solid phase comprising a substantially-insoluble organic biocide selected from triazoles, chlorothalonil, iodo-propynyl butyl carbamate, copper-8-quinolate, fipronil, imidacloprid, bifenthrin, carbaryl, strobulurins, and indoxacarb; 4) a plurality of particles containing on the outer surface thereof a substantially-insoluble organic biocide; 5) a plurality of particles containing a solid phase of a biocidal, partially or fully glassified composition comprising at least one of Zn, B, Cu, and P. The particles may advantageously contain metallic copper, a leachability barrier, pigments, dyes, or other adjuvants disposed on the outer surface thereof.

A method of producing nano-scaled graphene platelets with an average thickness smaller than 30 nm from a layered graphite material. The method comprises (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, the layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon the cathode and the anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for effecting the electrochemical reaction; (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite; and (c) subjecting the exfoliated graphite to a mechanical shearing treatment to produce the nano-scaled graphene platelets. Preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid and acetic acid. The exfoliation step in the instant invention does not involve the evolution of undesirable species, such as NOx and SOx, which are common by-products of exfoliating conventional sulfuric or nitric acid-intercalated graphite compounds. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites. Nano-scaled graphene platelets are much lower-cost alternatives to carbon nano-tubes or carbon nano-fibers.

An environmentally beneficial method of producing methanol from varied sources of carbon dioxide including flue gases of fossil fuel burning powerplants, industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere itself. Converting carbon dioxide by electrochemical reduction produces formic acid acid and some formaldehyde and methanol mixtures. The formic acid can be used as source of carbon as well as hydrogen to produce methanol, dimethyl ether and other products.

A method of enhancing removal of photoresist and / or resist residue from a substrate includes exposing the substrate to an environmentally friendly, non-hazardous co-solvent mixture comprising a carbonate, an oxidizer and an accelerator. The stripping process may be performed under ambient conditions, or in the presence of a supercritical fluid such as supercritical carbon dioxide with the supercritical cleaning step itself being a desirable "green" process. In one embodiment, the co-solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and an accelerator such as formic acid. If desired, supercritical carbon dioxide in combination with a second co-solvent mixture may be subsequently applied to the substrate to rinse and dry the substrate. In one embodiment, the second co-solvent mixture includes a lower alkyl alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol.

The present invention relates to a novel blend composition suitable for use in sports equipment in general and in particular for use in golf ball manufacture. The composition is the reaction product of; A) a polymer of ethylene and / or one or more alpha olefins, and an acid, ester, or anhydride (“Component (A)”); and B) a compound comprising both an amine and a carboxylic acid in the same molecule which may be present in either a neutral or ionic or zwitterionic form (“Component (B)”); and C) a basic metal ion salt, capable of neutralizing the acid groups of Component (A) and / or Component (B). The metal ions including Li+, Na+, K+, Zn+, Co2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Mg2+, with Li+, Na+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ being preferred, and their salts include those of, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, bicarbonic acid, as well as the metal oxides, hydroxides, and alkoxides (“Component (C)”). The present invention is also embodied in a blend composition including the reaction product of one or more ionomers and Component (B) which is a compound having a general formula (R2N)m—R′—(X(O)nORy)m, where R is either hydrogen, one or more C1-C20 aliphatic systems, one or more cycloaliphatic systems, one or more aromatic systems, or a combination of these. Also R′ is a bridging group comprising one or more unsubstituted C1-C20 straight chain or branched aliphatic or alicyclic groups, or one or more substituted straight chain or branched aliphatic or alicyclic groups, or one or more aromatic groups, one or more oligomers each containing up to 12 repeating units, and when X is C or S or P, m is 1-3. Also when X=C, n=1 and y=1, and when X=S, n=2 and y=1, and when X=P, n=2 and y=2. The present invention also resides in a golf ball including a core, an outer cover layer; and from 0 to 5 intermediate layers, wherein one or more of said core, outer cover, and / or intermediate layers, if present, includes the aforementioned blend compositions. Finally, the present invention is also embodied in sports equipment items comprising the aforementioned blend compositions.

Catalysts comprised of at least one catalytically active element and at least one helper catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts may be used to increase the rate, the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts may be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including in particular the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid.

The use of collagen as a biomedical implant raises safety issues towards viruses and prions. The physicochemical changes and the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of collagen treated with heat, and by formic acid (FA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), tetrafluoroethanol (TFE) and hexafluoroiso-propanol (HFIP) were investigated. FA and TFA resulted in extensive depurination of nucleic acids while HFIP and TFE did so to a lesser degree. The molecules of FA, and most importantly of TFA, remained within collagen. Although these two acids induced modification in the secondary structure of collagen, resistance to collagenase was not affected and, in vitro, cell growth was not impaired. Severe dehydrothermal treatment, for example 110° C. for 1-3 days under high vacuum, also succeeded in removing completely nucleic acids. Since this treatment also leads to slight cross-linking, it could be advantageously used to eliminate prion and to stabilize gelatin products. Finally, prolonged treatment with TFA provides a transparent collagen, which transparency is further enhanced by adding glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans, particularly hyaluronic acid. All the above treatments could offer a safe and biocompatible collagen-derived material for diverse biomedical uses, by providing a virus or prion-free product.

An electrochemical device converts carbon dioxide to a formic acid reaction product. The device includes an anode and a cathode, each comprising a quantity of catalyst. The anode and cathode each have reactant introduced thereto. Two membranes, a cation exchange polymer electrolyte membrane and an anion exchange polymer electrolyte membrane, are interposed between the anode and the cathode, forming a central flow compartment where a carbon dioxide reduction product, such as formic acid, can be recovered. At least a portion of the cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous carbon dioxide during electrolysis. The average current density at the membrane is at least 20 mA / cm2, measured as the area of the cathode gas diffusion layer that is covered by catalyst, and formate ion selectivity is at least 50% at a cell potential difference of 3.0 V. In some embodiments, at least one polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a polymer in which a constituent monomer is (p-vinylbenzyl)-R, where R is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums, pyridiniums and phosphoniums. In some embodiments, the polymer electrolyte membrane is a Helper Membrane comprising a polymer containing an imidazolium ligand, a pyridinium ligand, or a phosphonium ligand.

The present invention relates to a method of producing methanol from a methane source by oxidizing methane under conditions sufficient to a mixture of methanol and formaldehyde while minimizing the formation of formic acid and carbon dioxide. The oxidation step is followed by treatment step in which formaldehyde is converted into methanol and formic acid which itself can further be converted into methanol via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediately formed methyl formate.

The present invention relates to a variety of conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound having a special structure and an additive and a method for preparing the same, more particularly to conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound obtained by reacting a metal or metal compound with an ammonium carbamate- or ammonium carbonate-based compound and an additive and a method for preparing the same.

The invention discloses a silk fibroin nanofiber membrane and a preparation method of the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps of: dissolving natural silk taken as a main raw material by an acid salt solution, forming a membrane, desalting the membrane, dissolving the membrane by methanoic acid and hexafluoroisopropanol to prepare a spinning solution, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to prepare the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane. The silk fibroin nanofiber membrane comprises fibers with the diameter of 10nm-10 microns and has the excellent mechanical property, the breaking strength of greater than 8Mpa at dry state, the breaking elongation of greater than 15% at dry state, the breaking strength of greater than 1Mpa at wet state and the breaking elongation of greater than 100% at wet state. In addition, the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane prepared by the method is stable and controllable in structure, has good biocompatibility and can serve as a medicinal biological material. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and short in flow path, has high film formation and spinning efficiency and is suitable for industrialization large-scale production.

The preparation of novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel aims to overcome a plurality of defects caused by replacing alcohols fuel with gasoline. The invention discloses the novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel which comprises the following components of 50-95 parts of main alcohols fuel, 3-30 parts of low-temperature ignition auxiliary material, 0.1-20 parts of burning value reinforcing agent, 0-15 parts of dispersant, 0-0.05 part of smoke abatement burning agent, 0-5 parts of ignition accelerating agent, 0-0.04 part of antioxidant, 0-0.3 part of emulsification dispersing agent, 0-0.08 part of metal anticorrosion inhibiter, 0-0.8 part of rubber plastic anti-dissolving additive, 0-8 parts of air-resistance regulating agent, 0-6 parts of fuel lubricating agent and 0-0.7 part of glyoxylic acid neutralizer. According to the novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel, low temperature ignitability is improved, dynamic performance is enhanced, burning is sufficient, discharging is environment-friendly and free form pollution, corrosivity of the alcohols fuel on metal can be controlled, swelling performance of the alcohols fuel on rubber can be controlled and the air resistance phenomenon can be effectively prevented.

Disclosed are antioxidant compositions comprising of: (1) an organomolybdenum compound; (2) an alkylated diphenylamine; and (3) a sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of: (a) thiadiazole; (b) dithiocarbamate; and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b).

The invention discloses a lignin carbon nanofiber and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of materials. The preparation method comprises 5 steps of lignin pretreatment, preparation of spinning solution, electrostatic spinning, pre-oxidation and carbonization. The preparation method is characterized in that the lignin pretreatment means that lignin with the relative molecular mass within 5,000 to 50,000 is selected, and then the treatment of removing carbohydrate and inorganic salt is respectively carried out on alkali lignin and acetic acid lignin (or formic acid lignin). The diameter of the obtained carbon nanofiber is within 50 to 300nm and the length is within 1 to 10mum. As the obtained lignin has good spinnability, the nanofiber can be spun and further processed into the carbon nanofiber without synthetic macromolecules. In addition, the method adopts simple electrospinning equipment for electrospinning, the diameter of a spinning nozzle is large, the blockage cannot easily occur, and the working reliability of the spinning equipment is ensured.

This invention pertains to certain active carbamic acid compounds which inhibit HDAC activity and which have the following formula: wherein: A is an aryl group; Q1 is a covalent bond or an aryl leader group; J is an amide linkage selected from: —NR1C(═O)— and —C(═O)NR1—; R1 is an amido substituent; X is an ether heteroatom, and is —O— or —S—; and, R2 and R3 are each independently an ether group; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs thereof. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit HDAC, and, e.g., to inhibit proliferative conditions, such as cancer and psoriasis.

A dishwasher detergent containing a builder and one or more magnesium and / or zinc salt(s) of at least one monomeric and / or polymeric organic acid, excluding zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate, and zinc oxalate. A method of inhibiting glass corrosion by treatment with one or more salts of magnesium and / or zinc with organic acids, excluding formic acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid.

This invention pertains to certain carbamic acid compounds of the following formula, which inhibit HDAC (histone deacetylase) activity wherein: A is independently an unsubstituted or substituted bicyclic C9-10heteroaryl group (e.g., quinolinyl; quinoxalinyl; benzoxazolyl; benzothiazolyl); Q is an acid leader group, and is independently an unsubstituted or substituted, saturated or unsaturated C17alkylene group having a backbone length of 4 or less; with the proviso that if A is unsubstituted benzothiazol-2-yl, then Q is an unsaturated group; and with the proviso that if A is unsubstituted quinolin-6-yl, then Q is unsubstituted at the a-position; and with the proviso that A is not benzimidazol-2-yl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs thereof. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit HDAC, and in the treatment of conditions mediated by HDAC, cancer, proliferative conditions, psoriasis, etc.

A method of servicing a wellbore comprising providing a composition comprising a mutual solvent precursor, an acid precursor, and an aqueous fluid, and contacting the composition with oil wet solids in the wellbore. A method of servicing a wellbore comprising introducing an oil-based fluid into a wellbore, wherein the oil-based fluid forms oil wet solids in the wellbore, contacting the oil wet solids in the wellbore with a composition comprising a mutual solvent precursor; an acid precursor and an aqueous fluid, and allowing the oil wet solids to become water wet. A method of servicing a well bore comprising contacting a composition comprising a formate ester with oil wet solids in the well bore under conditions wherein the formate ester hydrolyzes to release formic acid, wherein the formic acid catalyzes the hydrolysis of additional formate ester, and wherein all or a portion of the formate ester converts at least a portion of the oil-wet solids to water-wet solids.

This invention relates to a process for producing a mixture of levulinic acid esters and formic acid esters from biomass and olefins, and the composition prepared therefrom. This invention also relates to usage of the mixture of these esters as fuel and as fuel additives for gasoline fuel, diesel fuel, and biofuel.

The invention relates to a method for preparing formic acid through electrochemical catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, and belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide recycling. In the method, a proton exchange membrane separates an electrolytic tank into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, organic solvent / ionic liquid / water mixed solution in which a large amount of carbon dioxide is dissolved is injected into the cathode chamber, and aqueous solution containing supporting electrolyte is injected into the anode chamber; and after an electrolysis power supply is connected, the carbon dioxide undergoes electroreduction reaction on the cathode to form the formic acid. By the method, the organic solvent / ionic liquid / water mixed solution with the advantages of good conductivity, low viscosity, high capacity of dissolving the carbon dioxide, wide electrochemical window, and low use cost can be obtained, and when the carbon dioxide is electrically reduced in the mixed solution, the current density in the electroreduction reaction of the carbon dioxide can be improved and the electrocatalytic activity and long-time stability of a cathode material are improved.

A process for producing levulinic acid and its esters from biomass is disclosed comprising: (i) feed preparation module characterized by subjecting biomass to a high-temperature refining treatment; (ii) hydrolysis reaction module that facilitates the hydrolysis of biomass to its respective sugars and their subsequent transformation to levulinic acid, formic acid, furfural, and char as well as facilitates the separation of lignin-based char by-product; (iii) product separation and recovery module utilizing a solvent extraction technique such as using furfural by-product as extracting solvent; and (iv) optionally, conversion of levulinic acid to levulinate ester. When desired, the disclosed process may be integrated into existing pulp mills.

The invention relates to a two-dimensional transition metal carbide (nitride) and nano sulfur particulate composite as well as preparation and application thereof. The composite is formed by two-dimensional transition metal carbide (nitride) MXene nanosheets and nano sulfur particles, wherein the nano sulfur particles grow on the surface of the two-dimensional transition metal carbide (nitride) MXene nanosheets in an in-situ manner, marked as S@MXene. The stable suspension of a single layer or a few layers of two-dimensional transition metal carbide (nitride) MXene nanosheets is mixed with a sodium thiosulfate or sodium polysulfide solution; with formic acid as a reducing agent, the nano sulfur generated by the reaction uniformly grows on the surface of the two-dimensional MXene nanosheet; and the two-dimensional transition metal carbide (nitride) and nano sulfur particulate composite is obtained through neutralization, washing and centrifugation and serves as the anode of a lithium-sulfur battery. According to the invention, a high-conductivity two-dimensional transition metal carbide (nitride) MXene nanosheet carrier is uniformly compounded with nano sulfur particles, introduction of a binder and a conductive agent is not needed, and the composite has excellent electrochemical performance as the anode of a lithium-sulfur battery; and moreover, the technology is simple and can meet the requirements of large-scale production.

The invention provides a water-based drilling fluid composition containing an amine compound, which comprises the following components: a 0.5 to 5 weight percent of water-based amine compound as shown in formula I: RHN-Y-[OY']X-NHR', wherein Y, Y',x, R and R' are as defined in a manual; 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of water-based tackifier which is selected from one or more types of xanthan gum, acrylamide-acrylic copolymer and hydroxyl ethyl cellulose; 0.5 to 5 weight percent of water-based fluid loss agent which is selected from one or more types of modified lignite, acrylic polymer, modified starch and modified cellulose; 2 to 12 weight percent of water-based inhibitor which is selected from one or more types of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, formic acid, formic acid sodium, potassium chloride and epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride; and the composition can also further comprises coating agent, weighting agent, lubricant, borehole stabilizer and the like. The water-based drilling fluid composition has good inhibiting performance to clay shale drilling cuttings.

The present invention relates to a new industrial process for the synthesis of solvate- free 17a-acetoxy-11ss-[4-(N,N-dimethyl-amino)-phenyl]-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione [CDB -2914] of formula (I) which is a strong antiprogestogene and antiglucocorticoid agent. The invention also relates to compounds of formula (VII) and (VIII) used as intermediates in the process. The process according to the invention is the following: i) 3-(ethylene-dioxy)-estra-5(10),9(11)-diene-17-one of formula (X) is reacted with potassium acetilyde formed in situ in dry tetrahydrofuran by known method, ii) the obtained 3-(ethylene-dioxy)-17a-ethynyl-17ss-hydroxy-estra-5(10),9(11)-diene of formula (IX) is reacted with phenylsulfenyl chloride in dichloromethane in the presence of triethylamine and acetic acid, iii) the obtained isomeric mixture of 3-(ethylene-dioxy)-21-(phenyl-sulfinyl)-19-norpregna-5(10),9(11),17(20),20-tetraene of formula (VIII) is reacted first with sodium methoxide in methanol, then with trimethyl phosphite, iv) the obtained 3-(ethylene-dioxy)-17a-hydroxy-20-methoxy-19-norpregna-5(10),9(11),20-triene of formula (VII) is reacted with hydrogen chloride in methanol, then v) the obtained 3-(ethylene-dioxy)-17a-hydroxy-19-norpregna-5(10),9(11l); -diene-20- one of formula (VI) is reacted with ethylene glycol hi dichloromethane in the presence of trimethyl orthoformate and p-toluenesulfonic acid by known method, vi) the obtained 3,3,20,20-bis(ethylene-dioxy)-17a-hydroxy-19-norpregna- 5(10),9(11)-diene of formula (V) is reacted with hydrogen peroxide in a mixture of pyridine and dichloromethane in the presence of hexachloroacetone by known method, vii) the obtained 3,3,20,20-bis(ethylene-dioxy)-17a-hydroxy-5,10-epoxy-19-norpregn-9(11)-ene of formula (IV), containing approximately a 1:1 mixture of 5a,10a- and 5ss,10ss-epoxides, is isolated from the solution and reacted with a Grignard reagent obtained from 4-bromo-N,N-dimethyl-aniline in tetrahydrofuran.