4881 results about "Formic acid" patented technology

Disclosed is a heat treatment unit 4 serving as a heat treatment apparatus, which includes a chamber 42 for containing a wafer W on which a low dielectric constant interlayer insulating film is formed, a formic acid supply device 44 for supplying gaseous formic acid into the chamber 42, and a heater 43 for heating the wafer W in the chamber 42 which is supplied with formic acid by the formic acid supply device 44.

A system is disclosed for hydrogen generation based on hydrolysis of solid chemical hydrides with the capability of controlled startup and stop characteristics wherein regulation of acid concentration, acid feed rate, or a combination of both control the rate of hydrogen generation. The system comprises a first chamber for storing a solid chemical hydride and a second chamber for storing an acidic reagent. The solid chemical hydride is a solid metal borohydride having the general formula MBH₄, where M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, aluminum cation, zinc cation, and ammonium cation. The acidic reagent may comprise inorganic acids such as the mineral acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, or mixtures thereof.

A method of producing nano-scaled graphene platelets with an average thickness smaller than 30 nm from a layered graphite material. The method comprises (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction which uses a carboxylic acid as both an electrolyte and an intercalate source, the layered graphite material as an anode material, and a metal or graphite as a cathode material, and wherein a current is imposed upon the cathode and the anode at a current density for a duration of time sufficient for effecting the electrochemical reaction; (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite; and (c) subjecting the exfoliated graphite to a mechanical shearing treatment to produce the nano-scaled graphene platelets. Preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid and acetic acid. The exfoliation step in the instant invention does not involve the evolution of undesirable species, such as NO_x and SO_x, which are common by-products of exfoliating conventional sulfuric or nitric acid-intercalated graphite compounds. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites. Nano-scaled graphene platelets are much lower-cost alternatives to carbon nano-tubes or carbon nano-fibers.

An environmentally beneficial method of producing methanol from varied sources of carbon dioxide including flue gases of fossil fuel burning powerplants, industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere itself. Converting carbon dioxide by electrochemical reduction produces formic acid acid and some formaldehyde and methanol mixtures. The formic acid can be used as source of carbon as well as hydrogen to produce methanol, dimethyl ether and other products.

A method of enhancing removal of photoresist and/or resist residue from a substrate includes exposing the substrate to an environmentally friendly, non-hazardous co-solvent mixture comprising a carbonate, an oxidizer and an accelerator. The stripping process may be performed under ambient conditions, or in the presence of a supercritical fluid such as supercritical carbon dioxide with the supercritical cleaning step itself being a desirable "green" process. In one embodiment, the co-solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and an accelerator such as formic acid. If desired, supercritical carbon dioxide in combination with a second co-solvent mixture may be subsequently applied to the substrate to rinse and dry the substrate. In one embodiment, the second co-solvent mixture includes a lower alkyl alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol.

The use of collagen as a biomedical implant raises safety issues towards viruses and prions. The physicochemical changes and the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of collagen treated with heat, and by formic acid (FA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), tetrafluoroethanol (TFE) and hexafluoroiso-propanol (HFIP) were investigated. FA and TFA resulted in extensive depurination of nucleic acids while HFIP and TFE did so to a lesser degree. The molecules of FA, and most importantly of TFA, remained within collagen. Although these two acids induced modification in the secondary structure of collagen, resistance to collagenase was not affected and, in vitro, cell growth was not impaired. Severe dehydrothermal treatment, for example 110° C. for 1-3 days under high vacuum, also succeeded in removing completely nucleic acids. Since this treatment also leads to slight cross-linking, it could be advantageously used to eliminate prion and to stabilize gelatin products. Finally, prolonged treatment with TFA provides a transparent collagen, which transparency is further enhanced by adding glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans, particularly hyaluronic acid. All the above treatments could offer a safe and biocompatible collagen-derived material for diverse biomedical uses, by providing a virus or prion-free product.

The present invention relates to a variety of conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound having a special structure and an additive and a method for preparing the same, more particularly to conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound obtained by reacting a metal or metal compound with an ammonium carbamate- or ammonium carbonate-based compound and an additive and a method for preparing the same.

The invention discloses a silk fibroin nanofiber membrane and a preparation method of the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps of: dissolving natural silk taken as a main raw material by an acid salt solution, forming a membrane, desalting the membrane, dissolving the membrane by methanoic acid and hexafluoroisopropanol to prepare a spinning solution, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to prepare the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane. The silk fibroin nanofiber membrane comprises fibers with the diameter of 10nm-10 microns and has the excellent mechanical property, the breaking strength of greater than 8Mpa at dry state, the breaking elongation of greater than 15% at dry state, the breaking strength of greater than 1Mpa at wet state and the breaking elongation of greater than 100% at wet state. In addition, the silk fibroin nanofiber membrane prepared by the method is stable and controllable in structure, has good biocompatibility and can serve as a medicinal biological material. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and short in flow path, has high film formation and spinning efficiency and is suitable for industrialization large-scale production.

The preparation of novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel aims to overcome a plurality of defects caused by replacing alcohols fuel with gasoline. The invention discloses the novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel which comprises the following components of 50-95 parts of main alcohols fuel, 3-30 parts of low-temperature ignition auxiliary material, 0.1-20 parts of burning value reinforcing agent, 0-15 parts of dispersant, 0-0.05 part of smoke abatement burning agent, 0-5 parts of ignition accelerating agent, 0-0.04 part of antioxidant, 0-0.3 part of emulsification dispersing agent, 0-0.08 part of metal anticorrosion inhibiter, 0-0.8 part of rubber plastic anti-dissolving additive, 0-8 parts of air-resistance regulating agent, 0-6 parts of fuel lubricating agent and 0-0.7 part of glyoxylic acid neutralizer. According to the novel vehicle alcohols environment-friendly fuel, low temperature ignitability is improved, dynamic performance is enhanced, burning is sufficient, discharging is environment-friendly and free form pollution, corrosivity of the alcohols fuel on metal can be controlled, swelling performance of the alcohols fuel on rubber can be controlled and the air resistance phenomenon can be effectively prevented.

This invention pertains to certain active carbamic acid compounds which inhibit HDAC activity and which have the following formula:

wherein: A is an aryl group; Q¹ is a covalent bond or an aryl leader group; J is an amide linkage selected from: —NR¹C(═O)— and —C(═O)NR¹—; R¹ is an amido substituent; X is an ether heteroatom, and is —O— or —S—; and, R² and R³ are each independently an ether group; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs thereof. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit HDAC, and, e.g., to inhibit proliferative conditions, such as cancer and psoriasis.

A dishwasher detergent containing a builder and one or more magnesium and/or zinc salt(s) of at least one monomeric and/or polymeric organic acid, excluding zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate, and zinc oxalate. A method of inhibiting glass corrosion by treatment with one or more salts of magnesium and/or zinc with organic acids, excluding formic acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid.

A process for producing levulinic acid and its esters from biomass is disclosed comprising: (i) feed preparation module characterized by subjecting biomass to a high-temperature refining treatment; (ii) hydrolysis reaction module that facilitates the hydrolysis of biomass to its respective sugars and their subsequent transformation to levulinic acid, formic acid, furfural, and char as well as facilitates the separation of lignin-based char by-product; (iii) product separation and recovery module utilizing a solvent extraction technique such as using furfural by-product as extracting solvent; and (iv) optionally, conversion of levulinic acid to levulinate ester. When desired, the disclosed process may be integrated into existing pulp mills.

The invention provides a water-based drilling fluid composition containing an amine compound, which comprises the following components: a 0.5 to 5 weight percent of water-based amine compound as shown in formula I: RHN-Y-[OY']X-NHR', wherein Y, Y',x, R and R' are as defined in a manual; 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of water-based tackifier which is selected from one or more types of xanthan gum, acrylamide-acrylic copolymer and hydroxyl ethyl cellulose; 0.5 to 5 weight percent of water-based fluid loss agent which is selected from one or more types of modified lignite, acrylic polymer, modified starch and modified cellulose; 2 to 12 weight percent of water-based inhibitor which is selected from one or more types of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, formic acid, formic acid sodium, potassium chloride and epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride; and the composition can also further comprises coating agent, weighting agent, lubricant, borehole stabilizer and the like. The water-based drilling fluid composition has good inhibiting performance to clay shale drilling cuttings.

This invention pertains to certain active carbamic acid compounds which inhibit HDAC activity and which have the following formula: (I) A is an aryl group; Q¹ is a covalent bond or an aryl leader group; J is a sulfonamide linkage selected from: —S(═O)₂NR¹— and —NR¹S(═O)₂—; R¹ is a sulfonamido substituent; and, Q² is an acid leader group; with the proviso that if J is —S(═O)₂NR¹—, then Q¹ is an aryl leader group; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs thereof. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit HDAC, and, e.g., to inhibit proliferative conditions, such as cancer and psoriasis.

The invention relates to a cellulose extracting technology, and specifically relates to a technology that utilizes organic acids to extract cellulose from biomass raw materials in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide catalyst. The technology comprises the following steps: in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide catalyst, utilizing an organic acid to cook biomass raw materials, wherein the organic acid is composed of formic acid with a concentration of 70 to 95 wt% and acetic acid with a concentration of 70 to 95 wt%; extracting and screening so as to obtain screened cellulose pulp; and further bleaching the screened pulp so as to obtain the target cellulose; wherein the cellulose is dissolving pulp or industrial cellulose. The alpha-cellulose content of the cellulose obtained by the method provided by the invention is more than 90 wt%. The technology has the advantages of simple route and low energy consumption.

The invention discloses a method for coproduction of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, an acetylpropionic acid and a formic acid through high-temperature catalysis and dehydration of the formic acid of glucose. The method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, establishment of a formic acid reaction system, namely the glucose is added into the formic acid solution, and the weight ratio of the glucose to the formic acid in the reaction system is 0.05-0.2 to 1; and the mixture is reacted for 2 to 6 hours in the presence of the catalyst at a temperature of between 120 and 220 DEG C which is higher than the boiling temperature of the formic acid, and the reaction system is single-phase reaction or biphase reaction; and secondly, separation of products after reaction by a fractionating tower device, namely graded separation of 5-HMF, LA and the formic acid. The method can convert the glucose into the products, namely the 5-HMF, the LA and the formic acid with high added values through effective acid catalysis and dehydration, and has high conversion of reactant during the reaction process and obvious economic benefit; and the 5-HMF, the LA and the formic acid can be directly taken as chemical products to be further converted, and are good raw materials for synthesizing other chemical products.

The invention relates to a method for reclaiming a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material. The conventional method is high in equipment requirement and high in reclamation cost. The method comprises the following steps of: adding a catalyst into an organic reagent to prepare supercritical CO2 composite solution; putting the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material tobe decomposed into a reaction kettle, and adding the supercritical CO2 composite solution; and reacting for 1 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 100 and 250 DEG C under the pressure of 7.5 to 25.0MPa, cooling the product to normal temperature, washing and drying the solid product in the product to obtain carbon fibers, and performing reduced pressure distillation on the liquid product in the product to obtain phenol and derivatives thereof. The catalyst is one or two of liquid super acid, solid super acid, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The method has the advantages of high degradation efficiency, environmental friendliness, low cost and the like, and is a green method for reclaiming the waste and old carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material.

The invention provides a method for preparing graphene/ silk composite fiber. The method comprises the steps of: oxidizing graphite powder by using acid, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersing and stripping to obtain graphene solution; mixing the obtained graphene solution with degummed silk fibroin and formic acid to obtain spinning solution; and carrying out electrospinning on the spinning solution by an electrostatic spinning device to obtain the graphene/ silk composite fiber. The method is simple in preparation technology, can effectively improve the mechanical property of the silk fiber and is easy to popularize and use.

The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by carrying out catalytic hydrodeoxygenation on lignin. A catalyst used in the method provided by the invention comprises two active components, namely an acid site being one or combination of more than one of transition metal elements niobium, tantalum, zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium and a hydrogenation or hydrogen transfer active site being one or more than one of ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. According to the method provided by the invention, a phenol group, a guaiacol group, a syringa phenolic group compound, natural lignin and industrial lignin are taken as raw materials, water is taken as a solvent, high selectivity catalytic hydrodeoxygenation is carried out at the temperature of 180-350 DEG C and hydrogen pressure of 0.1-5MPa or with methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and formic acid as hydrogen sources, so that C6-C9 aromatic hydrocarbon is obtained, the highest mass yield of aromatic hydrocarbon is 10%, and content of aromatic hydrocarbon in product oil can be up to more than 75%. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that reproducible natural biomass can be used as a raw material, and the raw material is cheap and available; the water is taken as the solvent, so that a reaction process is environment-friendly; and content of aromatic hydrocarbon in the product is high, and reaction conditions are mild.

Various uses of fluorinated olefin having an MRI value of less than ethane, in combination with one or more other components, including other fluoroalkenes, hydrocarbons; hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, methyl formate, formic acid, water, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide and combinations of any two or more of these, in a variety of applications, including as blowing agents, are disclosed.

A microfluidic membraneless flow cell formed with multiple acidic/alkaline electrolyte solutions. The flow cell can be adapted to provide a dual electrolyte H₂/O₂ fuel cell that generates thermodynamic potentials of up to 1.943 V or possibly greater. The selected fuel can be hydrogen dissolved in 0.1 M KOH, and the selected oxidant can be oxygen dissolved in 0.1 M H₂SO₄. Individual fuel cells can be combined to form fuel cell stacks to generate increased power output. Furthermore, microchannels of varying dimensions may be selected, including thickness variations, and different flow rates of acid/base electrolyte solutions can be applied to satisfy predetermined power generation needs. Some (micro-) fuel cell embodiments can be formed with silicon microchannels of fixed length and variable width and height, and can be used with hydrogen or formic acid as a fuel and oxygen as an oxidant, each dissolved in different acid/base electrolyte solutions. Micro-fuel cells are also provided which can be designed to generate different power levels for various applications including portable electronic devices such as wireless communication handsets and cellular telephones.

The invention discloses a method for preparing fuel ethanol from bamboo fibers. The method comprises the following steps that: waste from bamboo (or other non-wood biomass) processing is used as a raw material, the raw material is cut, dried, crushed and passed through a 80-mesh sieve, the powder passing through the 80-mesh sieve is fine bamboo powder and the powder failing to pass through the 80-mesh sieve is coarse bamboo powder; the coarse bamboo powder is cooked in a mixed liquid of formic acid, acetic acid and water for hydrolyzing hemicellulose and delignification, and fibers are obtained and subjected to hydrolysis by an organic acid to form a reducing monosaccharide; the fine bamboo powder is hydrolyzed directly by the organic acid to form the reducing monosaccharide; the reducing monosaccharide obtained from the hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses, the fibers and the fine bamboo powder are detoxicated by an excess amount of Ca(OH)2, the pH of the mixture is reduced, and the fuel ethanol is obtained after fermentation and rectification. The method for producing the fuel ethanol ensures the yield of the fuel ethanol, reduces the energy consumption for hydrolysis, and allows the organic acid used for hydrolysis to be recycled. In addition, the process of the fuel ethanol preparation using the method requires less water, and reduces environmental pollution and cost.

The invention concretely relates to a synthetic technology for pyraclostrobin. The synthetic technology comprises: firstly performing cyclization to obtain 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrazol-3-one, oxidizing the pyrazol ring under the effect of an oxidant to generate 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyrazole, then using 2-nitrobenzyl bromide to performing etherification to generate 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[2-(nitrophenyl)methoxy]-1H-pyrazole, then using a reducing agent to perform nitro reducing, so as to generate N-hydroxyl-2-[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3'-yloxymethyl]aniline, then using ClCO2CH3 to perform N-acylation reaction to generate methyl N-hydroxyl-N-2-{[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3'-yloxymethyl]phenyl}formate, and finally performing hydroxyl methylation under an alkaline condition to generate pyraclostrobin. The technology enables all operations in the pyraclostrobin preparation process to be relatively controllable, helps to improve the stability of the preparation process and improve the product yield, successfully employs low-cost reagents and substantially reduces production cost, and also the employed reagents are relatively small in toxicity, is relatively beneficial for environment protection, and has no corrosivity on plastic pipes, so that the production safety is improved.

The invention relates to a method for preparing epoxy fatty acid methyl ester. The method comprises the following specific steps of: mixing hydrogen peroxide and formic acid or acetic acid; adding a catalyst and a stabilizer into mixed liquor; pumping fatty acid methyl ester into a microstructure reactor; separating the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester from a reacted material; introducing a reaction product into a separator; standing to delaminate lower layer water solution; washing an upper layer organic phase with water; and drying the washed upper layer organic phase to obtain the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester. In the entire process of the method, a strong exothermic reaction is performed, and a peroxy acid synthesis reaction is performed together with an epoxidation reaction, so that the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester is synthesized in situ at one time. The production process has the advantages of high safety, low energy consumption, continuity and high product quality by adopting micro-reaction production technology of the invention.

A method of preparing an olefin comprising: reacting a polyol in the presence of a carboxylic acid, such that an olefin is produced by the deoxygenation of the polyol. The reacting step can comprise (a) providing a composition comprising the polyol, (b) heating the composition, and (c) introducing the carboxylic acid to the composition wherein the introducing step occurs prior to, at the same time as, or subsequent to the heating step. In one embodiment, the polyol is glycerol, the carboxylic acid is formic acid, and the olefin is allyl alcohol, which is produced at a yield of about 80% or greater.

The invention belongs to a micro-electronic encapsulation technology and specifically relates to a vacuum eutectic welding method. The method comprises the following steps: reducing gas formic acid vapor or hydrogen is introduced during a vacuum eutectic welding process, so as to reduce an oxidized welding material on a surface layer of a preformed welding material sheet and reduce the oxidized dreg of a welded surface; during a heating process, nitrogen is introduced and the heating rate is increased, so as to shorten the eutectic time and avoid the efficacy loss caused by chip over-welding or high-temperature accelerated ageing; and vacuumizing is carried out during an eutectic process, so as to reduce and even avoid voidage of the welded surface, increase the penetration rate of the chip and reduce the contact resistance and thermal resistance. According to the invention, the problem of the oxidized dreg on the welded surface caused by the oxidation of the surface layer of the welding material sheet in the prior art is overcome; the demand on storage conditions of the welding material sheet is reduced; the eutectic time is shortened; the efficacy loss caused by chip over-welding or high-temperature accelerated ageing is avoided; the void ratio is reduced; and the vacuum eutectic welding method has the characteristics of high reliability, high yield and low cost.

A process for sequestrating carbon emitted into the atmosphere in the form of CO₂ comprises:

• • a) a step for concentrating CO₂ in the liquid phase;
  • b) a step for electro-reduction in an aprotic medium to a compound in which the carbon changes to oxidation number +3 in the form of oxalic acid or formic acid;
  • c) if appropriate, a step for re-extracting oxalic or formic acid in the aqueous phase; and
  • d) a step for mineralization by reaction with a compound of an element M, resulting in a stable compound in which the atomic ratio C/M is about 2/1.

The invention relates to a platinum-induced aurum core/ palladium platinum island-shaped alloy shell structure nanorod solution and a preparation method. The structure consists of a cylindrical aurum nanorod inner core and an island-shaped porous palladium platinum alloy shell coated on the outer surface of the inner core. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly preparing aurum crystal seed solution; secondly, preparing aurum nanorod solution and purifying the aurum nanorod solution; thirdly, mixing the purified aurum nanorod solution, chloropalladate solution and potassium tetrachloroplatinate solution and uniformly shaking the mixture, and adding ascorbic acid water solution into the mixture to obtain mixed solution; and placing the mixed solution in constant-temperature water bath for reaction and then adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide water solution into the mixed solution and finally performing the centrifugal separation on the mixed solution to obtain platinum-induced aurum core/ palladium platinum island-shaped alloy shell structure nanorod solution. The solution has the advantages of high catalyzing capability, high catalyzing efficiency and high CO poisoning resistance for electrocatalysis oxidation of formic acid, low costs and the like, and is used for directly preparing a formic acid fuel cell catalyst. In addition, the method is simple, low-energy, environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency.

The invention provides a boiler coal combustion-improving desulfurizing and denitrifying agent composition. The composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-7 parts of sodium carbonate, 1-3 parts of alumina, 2-8 parts of aluminium hydroxide, 2-5 parts of ferric trichloride, 2-6 parts of ferric oxide, 3-10 parts of potassium permanganate, 3-10 parts of potassium chlorate, 10-35 parts of activated attapulgite clay, 15-30 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of ammonium formate, 2-4 parts of ammonium chloride, 6-23 parts of ammonium acetate, 3-9 parts of manganese oxide, 9-12 parts of copper chloride, 1-3 parts of copper oxide, 2-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of zinc nitrate, 7-18 parts of potassium dichromate, 1.0-1.5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.5-1.0 part of barium molybdate, 0.5-1.5 parts of cobalt sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of vanadium pentoxide, 0.3-0.7 part of cerium oxide, 0.1-0.2 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.1-0.2 part of alkyl glyceryl ether. The composition is convenient to use, has stable properties, plays roles of combustion improving, desulfurization and denitrification, has coal saving rate of 8-25% and can remove fixed sulfur by 50-70%.

Compositions and methods for a hybrid biological and chemical process that captures and converts carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon and/or CI carbon sources including but not limited to carbon monoxide, methane, methanol, formate, or formic acid, and/or mixtures containing CI chemicals including but not limited to various syngas compositions, into organic chemicals including bio-fuels or other valuable biomass, chemical, industrial, or pharmaceutical products are provided. The present invention, in certain embodiments, fixes inorganic carbon or CI carbon sources into longer carbon chain organic chemicals by utilizing microorganisms capable of performing the oxyhydrogen reaction and the autotrophic fixation of CO₂ in one or more steps of the process.