102 results about "Diphenylamine" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of lithium manganate positive electrode materials, in particular to a lithium manganate positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode plate and a battery, which are used for solving the problems of Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn < 3 + >, Mn dissolution and low conductivity in circulation. Lithium carbonate, manganous-manganic oxide, potassium carbonate, aluminum nitrate and absolute ethyl alcohol are subjected to ball milling and then sintered to obtain K / Al co-doped lithium manganate powder, then the K / Al co-doped lithium manganate powder is coated with an acetylferrocene / diphenylamine polymer, finally, the K / Al co-doped lithium manganate powder is coated with an AlF3 (at) CeF3 suspension, and finally the lithium manganate positive electrode material is obtained. According to the lithium manganate positive electrode material, the electronic conductivity is greatly improved, the rate capability is improved, and the cycling stability is improved; and the material has excellent cycling stability and rate capability.

The application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to a temperature-resistant and salt-resistant foaming agent for drilling and a synthesis method thereof. The synthesis method is as follows: diphenylamine-4-sodium sulfonate, isopropyl alcohol and 1,3-dibromopropane are added into a four-necked flask, stirred, heated and refluxed to obtain a mixed solution; 90-95wt% of isopropyl alcohol in the mixed solution is distilled off under reduced pressure, distilled water is added, and the whole is transferred into a separatory funnel, fully shaken, separated, and a small amount of oil phase is discarded; the pH is adjusted to 2-3, a precipitate is separated out, suction filtration is performed, and an intermediate is obtained; the intermediate is transferred into a four-necked flask with isopropyl alcohol, sodium bromoethyl sulfonate is added, the pH is adjusted to 7-8, and the product solution is obtained by heating and refluxing; the product is obtained by vacuum distillation, recrystallization and drying. The foaming agent for drilling has the advantages of good temperature resistance, salt resistance and salinity resistance.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and specifically relates to diphenylamine compounds and the use thereof. The compounds are as shown in general formula I, wherein R1, R3, X2, X3 and X5 each independently represent hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, etc.; R2 represents haloalkyl; R4 represents nitro or haloalkyl; X1 represents halogen; and X4 represents haloalkyl. The compounds have excellent control effect on pests such as mites.

The application provides a hybrid vehicle engine lubricating oil composition and a preparation method thereof.The hybrid vehicle engine lubricating oil composition comprises the following components: (A) a benzotriazole derivative; (B) a composite antioxidant comprising an alkylated diphenylamine antioxidant and a sulfide phenolic antioxidant; (C) a polyisobutylene succinimide ashless dispersant; (D) a sulfonate and / or a sulfated alkyl phenate; (E) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate; (F) a composite friction modifier comprising an oil-soluble organic molybdenum friction modifier and an ashless friction modifier; (G) a phosphite type extreme pressure antiwear agent; and (H) a major amount of a lubricating oil base oil; wherein the structure of the benzotriazole derivative is shown in formula (I): wherein the definitions of the groups are shown in the specification.The hybrid vehicle engine lubricating oil composition has excellent antioxidant performance, corrosion resistance and rust resistance, and good emulsion retention performance and wear resistance.

The invention discloses corrosion-resistant waterproof aluminum foil glass fabric and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum foil composite glass fabric. The corrosion-resistant waterproof aluminum foil glass fabric sequentially comprises a waterproof glass fabric, a high-temperature-resistant adhesive layer and an aluminum foil from bottom to top, the waterproof glass fabric is obtained by padding a waterproof finishing agent; the waterproof finishing agent is mainly prepared from the following raw material components: a silane coupling agent, hydroxyl-terminated fluorine-containing dihydric alcohol, isophorone diisocyanate and polycaprolactone; the high-temperature-resistant adhesive is mainly prepared from the following raw material components: 4, 4 '-oxydiphthalic anhydride, 4, 4-(hexafluoroisopropyl) bis (p-phenoxy) diphenylamine, 3, 3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 1, 3-bis (3-aminopropyl)-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane, 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine, and the high-temperature-resistant adhesive is prepared from the following raw material components: 4, 4 '-oxydiphthalic anhydride, 4, 4-(hexafluoroisopropyl) bis (p-phenoxy) diphenylamine, 4, 4-(hexafluoroisopropyl) bis (p-phenoxy) diphenylamine, 3, 3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 1, 3-bis (3-aminopropyl) The corrosion-resistant waterproof aluminum foil glass fiber cloth prepared by the invention is relatively good in high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and waterproofness.

The invention relates to the field of lubrication of ball screws, in particular to long-life creep-resistant lubricating grease for a high-precision ball screw, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of polyolefin, 5-10 parts of pentaerythritol ester, 5-10 parts of isocyanate, 2-5 parts of amine chain extender, 5 parts of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), 1.0-1.5 parts of diphenylamine, 0.1-0.5 part of 2, 4-diphenyl-1, 3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, 0.1-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.1-0.5 part of antioxidant and 0.1-0.5 part of lubricant. The composite material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 1 part of 2, 6-butylated hydroxytoluene, 1.5 to 2 parts of molybdenum isocaprylate, 0.5 to 1 part of molybdenum bis (2-ethylhexyl) dithiocarbamate, 1 to 2 parts of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, 3 parts of calcium petroleum sulfonate, 1 to 1.5 parts of polyisobutene, 0.2 to 0.5 part of benzotriazole and 0.1 to 0.3 part of polymethacrylate. The isocyanate comprises HDI and IPDI, and the amine chain extender comprises TETA and TEPA. According to the invention, isocyanate and the amine chain extender react to form a polyurea macromolecular chain, and a high-energy hydrogen bond network is formed, so that the lubricating grease has relatively high creep resistance; the anti-creep performance is further enhanced through cooperation with the PTFE particles; meanwhile, through cooperation with diphenylamine, the oxidation resistance is promoted, the consumption is reduced, and the service life of the lubricating grease is longer.

The present application relates to a kind of biodegradable hydraulic oil composition and its preparation method, it includes the following weight parts of component: biodegradable base oil 96.0-98.5 parts and composite detergent 1.5-2.5 parts;The base oil is the mixture of pentaerythritol tetraester and trimethylolpropane triester, fatty acid chain is C8-C10 saturated fatty acid, saturation ≥90%, 28 days biodegradability meets the determination of OECD 301B;The composite detergent includes: octylated diphenylamine 0.45-0.90 parts, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 0.10-0.25 parts, 2-ethylhexyl acidic phosphate and its ethanolamine salt 0.60-1.20 parts, dodecenyl succinic acid di (2-ethylhexyl ester) 0.15-0.35 parts, and the mass ratio of octylated diphenylamine and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol is 1.5:1~4:1.

The invention relates to the field of lubricating oil, in particular to a compressor oil composition which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.005 to 0.2 part of an anti-rust agent, 0.05 to 1 part of an extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 0.01 to 0.5 part of a friction reducing agent, 3 to 8 parts of synthetic ester, 0.01 to 1 part of an antioxidant, 0.001 to 0.1 part of an anti-foaming agent and 90 to 97 parts of base oil. The anti-friction agent is a trimethylolpropane-triacid ester derivative, the anti-rust agent is formed by mixing an alkenyl succinic acid half-ester derivative and a carboxyl imidazoline derivative, and the anti-wear reagent at extreme pressure is formed by mixing triphenyl phosphate and an alkyl thiophosphate derivative. The antioxidant is formed by mixing any two of alkyl diphenylamine, alkyl phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and alkyl hindered phenol. The invention further relates to a preparation method of the compressor oil composition. The compressor oil composition provided by the invention has excellent washing resistance and rust resistance.

The invention discloses a method for recovering polycarbonate plastic to obtain an amine high-temperature antioxidant, and belongs to the technical field of plastic recovery. Aromatic amine is used as a nitrogen source, hydroboron and formate are used as in-situ hydrogen donors, and in an inert atmosphere and a heating environment, under the synergistic catalysis of a catalyst and a molecular sieve, the amine high-temperature antioxidant is prepared from polycarbonate based on a one-step method. The reaction path is simple, the selectivity is high, the amine high-temperature antioxidant taking diphenylamine and alkyl diphenylamine as main components can be directly obtained without multi-stage separation and intermediate preparation, and the requirements of simple process flow, low energy consumption and the like are met. The invention provides a high-valued way for polycarbonate recovery, also provides a large-scale raw material source for the field of high-temperature-resistant antioxidants for lubricating oil / fuel / rubber and high polymer materials, and has a wide application prospect.

A polycarbonate resin composition of the present invention comprises: about 100 parts by weight of a base resin comprising about 10-90 wt% of a polycarbonate resin and about 10-90 wt% of a polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer resin; about 1-10 parts by weight of a diphenylamine-based compound; and about 0.1-2 parts by weight of a polydimethylsiloxane having a terminal reactive group and having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40 °C according to ASTM D445, of about 5-200 cSt. The polycarbonate resin composition has excellent transparency, chemical resistance, fluidity, thermal stability, balance of these physical properties, and the like.

This invention proposes a lubricating oil composition for a four-stroke engine specifically designed for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and its preparation method. The lubricating oil composition for a four-stroke engine of this invention comprises the following components: (A) a nitrogen-containing organoboron compound; (B) an alkyl diphenylamine; (C) polyisobutylene succinimide; (D) sulfonates and / or sulfurized alkylphenol salts; (E) zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate; (F) dialkyl dithiocarbamate; (G) polymethyl methacrylate; and (H) a base oil in a major amount. The structure of the nitrogen-containing organoboron compound is shown in formula (I) and / or formula (II), with the definitions of each group provided in the specification. The lubricating oil composition for a four-stroke UAV engine of this invention exhibits excellent extreme pressure anti-wear, anti-oxidation, and detergency properties, effectively suppressing the increased wear caused by the high power-to-weight ratio and harsh lubrication conditions of four-stroke UAV engines.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a lubricating oil composition that has excellent permeability through water-bearing strata, as well as excellent evaporation-suppressing properties and coking resistance. The problem was solved by a lubricating oil composition that contains a polyalkylene glycol compound (A), a naphthylamine-based antioxidant (B), and a diphenylamine-based antioxidant (C). The molar ratio [(EO) / (RO)] of oxyethylene units (EO) to oxyalkylene units (RO) other than oxyethylene units (EO) in the polyalkylene glycol compound (A) is 1.0 or more, and the content of the polyalkylene glycol compound (A) is more than 50 mass% based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.

Lubricating oil composition is provided. The composition includes several components including a major amount of a base oil, a mixture of alkylated diphenylamines having a weight ratio of mono-alkylated diphenylamine to di-alkylated diphenylamine ranging from 0.6 to 4.0, and a molybdenum or sulfur additive that provides synergistic enhancement of oxidation stability in combination with the mixture of alkylated diphenylamines.

A mixture of methylene diphenylamine isomers and polymethylene polyaniline is prepared with a controllable ratio of methylene diphenylamine isomers. Aniline and formaldehyde are reacted to produce N,N'-diphenylmethylenediamine (acetalamine), which is then partially rearranged in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst to a mixture of aminobenzylaniline and methylene diphenylamine isomers. Further rearrangement is performed in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst to convert the remaining aminobenzylaniline isomers to methylene diphenylamine and polymethylene polyaniline.

A lubricating oil composition is disclosed. The composition includes a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, one or more alkylhydroxy benzoate compound derived from isomerized normal alpha olefins, and oxidation inhibitor system comprising a molybdenum-containing antioxidant and a diphenylamine. The molybdenum-containing antioxidant is present in an amount to provide at least 120 ppm of Mo to the lubricating oil composition. The diphenylamine is present in an amount to provide 0.5 wt. % or more to the lubricating oil composition.

The invention discloses a flavonol-based fluorescent probe for continuously detecting hydrogen sulfide and hypochlorous acid as well as a preparation method and application of the flavonol-based fluorescent probe. The flavonol-based fluorescent probe is 3-(2, 4-dinitrophenoxy)-7-(4-(diphenylamino) phenyl)-2-(4-(thiomorpholinophenyl) chromone, and the structural formula of the flavonol-based fluorescent probe is shown in the specification. According to the invention, 7-(4-(diphenylamino) phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-thiomorpholinophenyl) chromone is used as an initial raw material, and the 7-(4-(diphenylamino) phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-thiomorpholinophenyl) chromone and 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain the compound 3-(2, 4-dinitrophenoxy)-7-(4-(diphenylamino) phenyl)-2-(4-(thiomorpholinophenyl) chromone. The compound is firstly subjected to selective thiolysis reaction under the action of hydrogen sulfide, the fluorescence color of a solution of the compound is changed from colorless to bright orange under the irradiation of ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 365 nm, then hypochlorous acid is continuously added into the solution, and the compound can be further subjected to specific oxidation reaction with the hypochlorous acid, so that the compound can be obtained. And the fluorescence color of the solution is changed from bright orange to bright cyan. Therefore, the compound can be used as a fluorescent probe for continuously detecting hydrogen sulfide and hypochlorous acid, has the advantages of low detection limit, high response speed, good light stability, wide pH application range and the like, and shows a good application prospect.

The application relates to a raw rubber composition and an anti-aging agent composition, the raw rubber composition comprising: raw rubber, and alkylated diphenylamine of the application. The alkylated diphenylamine contained in the rubber composition of the application comprises a high content of C9 disubstituted diphenylamine, a low proportion of small molecular weight components, good compatibility with rubber, is not easy to precipitate, has better long-term protection effect, even if used alone, has application effect in protecting production and processing of synthetic rubber and long-term storage, and has better effect when used in combination with a phenolic antioxidant such as an antioxidant 1520 analogue (antioxidant 1530).

The present application relates to the field of film, specifically to a kind of high-temperature-resistant thermal medical film with stable imaging and its preparation process, introduce alumina phase in silica aerogel, modify silica aerogel doped with alumina phase with amino hetero naphthalene diphenyl poly aryl ether ketone;In order to give back layer, protective layer excellent mechanical damage resistance, make it after suffering mechanical scratch, self-repair at room temperature, restore excellent hydrophobicity, high temperature resistance, antistatic property, introduce self-repairing polyurethane in back layer and protective layer, with polypropylene carbonate glycol as soft segment, with isophorone diisocyanate as hard segment, 4,4'-dithiodiphenylamine, 4-hydroxyphenylboric acid as chain extender to synthesize self-repairing polyurethane;Epoxy silicone resin is used as the base coating of back layer and protective layer, introduce silicone slip agent in back layer, so that back layer has long-acting stable and non-migratory slip property.

This invention belongs to the technical field of organometallic luminescent materials and photosensitizers, specifically relating to a triphenylamine-containing heteropolymer luminescent iridium(III) complex capable of generating reactive oxygen species, its preparation method, and its applications. The iridium(III) complex has the structure shown in formula (I), [Ir(L1)2(L2)]PF6, where L1 is 1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)isoquinoline and L2 is 2-[3-methyl-1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]pyridine. The complex can be prepared by first preparing a chlorobridged iridium dimer intermediate, then coordinating it with an auxiliary ligand and followed by anion exchange. This complex exhibits luminescent properties in both dilute solutions and solid states, and displays certain solvent-dependent luminescence behavior. Under LED white light irradiation, the complex can effectively generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Detection using DCFH-DA, HPF, and DHR123 probes indicates that it possesses the ability to generate total ROS, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion radicals. The complex can be used to prepare luminescent materials, ROS-generating materials, and photodynamic photosensitive materials.

The invention relates to the technical field of corrosion inhibition, in particular to a composite corrosion inhibitor for an oil field pipeline and a preparation method of the composite corrosion inhibitor, and the composite corrosion inhibitor comprises an N-thiourea acetyl-ethoxylation modified imidazoline intermediate, a 2-pyridylaldehyde-diphenylamine-4-sodium sulfonate condensate, sodium cyanoboride and methanol. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out cyclization, ethoxylation and thiourea acetylation on fatty acid and polyamine to prepare an N-thiourea acetyl-ethoxylation modified imidazoline intermediate, and dissolving the N-thiourea acetyl-ethoxylation modified imidazoline intermediate, 2-pyridylaldehyde, a diphenylamine-4-sodium sulfonate condensate and sodium cyanoboride in methanol according to a specific mass ratio to form the composite corrosion inhibitor. The technical problem that an oil field pipeline is poor in corrosion protection effect in a high-temperature, high-pressure, high-salinity and CO2 / H2S coexistence environment is solved, and synergistic and efficient corrosion prevention of multiple active components is achieved.

The invention provides an ionic liquid-containing lubricating oil composition for a piston type aero-engine, and relates to the technical field of lubricating oil. The composition is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 1 to 2 percent of ionic liquid, 0.5 to 2.0 percent of an antioxidant mixture, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of tricresyl phosphate, 0.01 to 0.2 percent of a benzotriazole metal deactivator, 6.0 to 9.0 percent of an ethylene-propylene copolymer viscosity index improver, 3.0 to 6.0 percent of a succinimide ashless dispersant, 10 to 100 ppm of an anti-foaming agent and the balance of base oil, wherein the antioxidant mixture is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.4 to 1.0 percent of p-diisooctyl diphenylamine and 0.4 to 1.0 percent of lipid antioxidant. According to the piston type aviation lubricating oil composition containing the ionic liquid, the wear resistance, the thermal stability, the low-temperature fluidity and the oxidation resistance of lubricating oil are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of Avicel content detection, and discloses a method for detecting the content of Avicel in budesonide nasal spray, which comprises the following steps: mixing diphenylamine, glacial acetic acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, uniformly stirring to obtain a derivatization reagent, and mixing the derivatization reagent with a detection aid to obtain a composite derivatization reagent; the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a budesonide nasal spray and a solvent, heating and dissolving until the mixture is completely clarified, cooling to room temperature, and adding deionized water for diluting to obtain a budesonide nasal spray solution; mixing the budesonide nasal spray solution with a composite derivatization reagent, carrying out a derivatization reaction, cooling to room temperature to obtain a to-be-detected sample solution, and determining the absorbance of the to-be-detected sample solution by adopting an ultraviolet visible light spectrophotometric method; and recording the Avicel content according to a linear equation of the absorbance and the Avicel concentration. The method has the advantages of high accuracy, high sensitivity, strong specificity and good linearity and accuracy.

The application provides an aminophenyl oligosilsesquioxane, a preparation method and application thereof, and a polymer material, and belongs to the technical field of organic-inorganic hybrid materials.The application provides a preparation method of an aminophenyl oligosilsesquioxane, which comprises the following steps: mixing nitrophenyl oligosilsesquioxane, a reducing agent and a solvent, and performing a reduction reaction under the condition that no catalyst is used or at least one of 4,4'-dipyridyl, diphenylamine, 2,2'-dipyridyl and pyridine is used as a catalyst to obtain the aminophenyl oligosilsesquioxane; the reducing agent is a diboron compound.The preparation method provided by the application has high yield, strong universality, low cost, is environment-friendly, and is suitable for industrial production; the aminophenyl oligosilsesquioxane prepared by the method has good structural stability and can be used for preparing high-performance polymer materials.

This invention provides a pyrene-based compound, its preparation method, and its applications, belonging to the technical field of organic electroluminescent materials. The pyrene-based compound provided by this invention has the structural formula shown in Formula 1, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted methyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, carbazole, diphenylamino, and dibenzofuranyl. The pyrene-based organic electroluminescent material provided by this invention can be applied in solution-processed OLED technology as a narrow-spectrum luminescent material, effectively improving the aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching effect and the broadening of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) caused by the rigid planar structure of boron-nitrogen fused rings. It reduces the FWHM, ensuring that the luminescent performance and color purity of the device are not only not reduced during the luminescence process but are also significantly improved.

The invention relates to a multifunctional phosphorus-containing additive, a preparation method of the multifunctional phosphorus-containing additive and application of the multifunctional phosphorus-containing additive in gear oil. The phosphorus-containing additive comprises mixed phosphate ester amine salt obtained by reacting a mixture of alkylated diphenylamine and dialkylamine with phosphate ester. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple synthesis process, low requirements on equipment, no generation of toxic and harmful gases in the synthesis process, small environmental pollution, high yield up to 99%, and obvious reduction of the production cost. When the phosphorus-containing additive is used for gear oil, the phosphorus-containing additive can be well compounded with other complexing agents, the dosage of an extreme pressure anti-wear agent, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator and the like can be properly reduced, and the phosphorus-containing additive has excellent extreme pressure anti-wear performance and oxidation and corrosion resistance.

This disclosure relates to the use of di(alkyl substituted phenyl)amine antioxidants as additives in lubricant compositions having good oxidation properties in engine crankcase applications, especially in compression ignited engine and or spark ignited engine applications, where the antioxidant comprises less than 0.1 mass% unsubstituted diphenylamine, from 0 to 20 mass% of mono-C9-alkyl substituted diphenyl amine and tri-C9-alkyl substituted diphenyl amine, and 80 to 100 mass% di-C9-alkyl substituted phenyl amines based upon the weight of the unsubstituted diphenylamine, and the mono-, di- and tri-C9-alkyl substituted phenyl amines.

The application discloses a method for synthesizing dibenzyl-alpha,alpha-diphenylamine compounds, and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. The method uses aromatic dialdehyde, 2-cyclohexenone and benzylamine as raw materials, and carries out a heating reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of titanium tetrachloride. After the reaction is completed, an N,N'-dibenzyl-substituted dibenzyl-alpha,alpha-diphenylamine intermediate is separated and purified. The intermediate is subjected to hydrogenation and debenzylization by using Pd-C / H2, and after separation and purification, the dibenzyl-alpha,alpha-diphenylamine compound is obtained. The preparation process is mild and simple, and the problems of low chemical selectivity and low regioselectivity in traditional synthesis are avoided. In addition, the aryl compatibility of the aromatic dialdehyde is good, and the atomic economy is high, thereby providing raw material support for new drug screening and monomer synthesis of organic functional materials.

The invention relates to the technical field of degradable materials, in particular to degradable gloves for ocean engineering and a preparation method of the degradable gloves. According to the glove, polycaprolactone-polycarbonate diol is taken as a flexible matrix, 4, 4 '-dithio diphenylamine is introduced to realize reversible disulfide bond dynamic crosslinking of a main chain, and trimethylolpropane is utilized to construct a branched three-dimensional network; further, an interface energy dissipation layer is introduced through a dopamine gelatin microcapsule, so that the self-repairing property and the fatigue resistance of the material are enhanced; finally, a chitosan acetic acid solution is used for surface modification, a compact hydrophilic protective film is formed, and the salt spray corrosion resistance and degradation controllability are improved. The biodegradable plastic can maintain high tensile strength, elongation at break and structural stability in a high-salt, high-humidity and dynamic shear environment, realizes uniform and controllable biodegradation after the end of a service cycle, has the characteristics of high strength, high elasticity, corrosion resistance and environmental degradability, can be effectively applied to the fields of ocean engineering operation and offshore equipment, and has wide application prospects. And excellent durability and ecological safety are achieved.