215results about How to "Low impurity content" patented technology

In a method of forming an aluminum oxide layer, an aluminum source gas and a dilution gas can be supplied into a chamber through a common gas supply nozzle so that the aluminum source gas may be adsorbed on a substrate in the chamber. A first purge gas can be supplied into the chamber to purge the physically adsorbed aluminum source gas from the substrate. An oxygen source gas may be supplied into the chamber to form an aluminum oxide layer on the substrate. A second purge gas may be supplied into the chamber to purge a reaction residue and the physically adsorbed remaining gas from the substrate. The operations can be performed repeatedly to form an aluminum oxide layer having a desired thickness.

The invention relates to a preparation method of grapheme transparent conducting films, comprising the following steps: taking natural graphite powder as raw materials; ultrasonically stripping in 0.5-1.0% by volume of AMP, 0.4% by volume of water and DMF solution to prepare high-concentration grapheme dispersion liquid; taking the prepared grapheme dispersion liquid as electrolyte; preparing grapheme conducting films by electrophoretic deposition, transferring the grapheme conducting films onto a glass substrate; controlling the electrophoretic deposition voltage and the electrophoretic deposition time to prepare the grapheme conducting films with different thicknesses and improving light transmission and conductivity of the grapheme conducting films through the heat treatment and acid processing technology. The grapheme transparent conducting films prepared by the method has flat surface and less defect; the prepared grapheme transparent conducting films has the light transmittance of 82.1% and the film resistance of 1.0 microhm/sq. Compared with the other preparation method, the method has the advantages of simple operation, easy control and lower coat and is suitable for large-scale preparation.

A foundry waste sand regeneration and reuse method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of waste sand: the original waste sand is removed with waste garbage through a closed grid unloader, removed with waste iron through a suspension type magnetic separator, removed with large-particle waste sand through a linear vibrating screen, and removed with waste scrap ions through a cut-through magnetic separator, and then enters a waste sand storage tank for storage; cleaning of waste sand: the pretreated waste sand is conveyed to a cleaning area through a sand pump, is introduced to the sand-water separator to remove part of water, then enters a scrubbing-cleaning combined tank for scrubbing and cleaning, enters a buffering concentration tank for sedimentation and concentration, and finally enters a dewatering screen to get rid of part of the water; drying: after the above processing, the waste sand is subjected to low-temperature drying or high-temperature roasting to obtain reclaimed sand, then the reclaimed sand is put into a regeneration sand tank for storage; lamination of regenerated sand: the measured regenerated sand is heated to a certain temperature through a heater, and is put into a precoated sand blender together with adhesive to mix evenly, then the mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain the precoated sand, and the precoated sand is put into a bucket for storing finished sand.

The invention relates to a method for extracting high-purity steviol glycosides from stevia rebaudiana. The method comprises the following steps: (1) soaking a ground stevia rebaudiana raw material into water, and adding a cellulase preparation for enzymolysis; (2) carrying out heating extraction and centrifugation, and filtering, so as to obtain stevia rebaudiana enzyme extraction liquid; (3) carrying out water-bath heating on the stevia rebaudiana enzyme extraction liquid, adding an inorganic salt flocculating agent, stirring, flocculating, carrying out centrifugation, and filtering, so as to obtain stevia rebaudiana edulcorated liquid; (4) carrying out decolorization adsorption on the stevia rebaudiana edulcorated liquid by virtue of a macroporous adsorption resin column, carrying out elution through eluent, carrying out nanofiltration, and concentrating, so as to obtain a stevia rebaudiana concentrated liquid; and (5) carrying out silica-gel column chromatography and elution on the stevia rebaudiana concentrated liquid, collecting each fraction, concentrating, and drying, so as to obtain multiple high-purity steviol glycosides products. The purity of the products obtained by virtue of the method can reach up to 98.4%, and the final yield is more than 90%; the residual amounts of ethanol and ethyl ester are low, so that the method is environmentally friendly and safe; the method is simple in process, high in operability, low in energy consumption and cost and applicable to industrial production.

The invention discloses a method using the washing oil produced by the coal tar to prepare gasoline and diesel with hydrogen, which is essentially characterized in that the washing oil produced during the coal carbonization process is mixed with the hydrogen to obtain the hydrogenation oil through a reactor filled with protective agent, demetalization activator, hydrogenation refined activator and/or hydrogenation modified activator; the hydrogenation oil enters into a high-pressure separator; and the hydrogen obtained at the upper part is recycled to use, and the materials at the lower part are stripped or fractionated to obtain gasoline (naphtha) and diesel. The method can effectively produce high-quality and clean diesel products with washing oil.

The invention discloses a lenalidomide oral solid preparation which is based on 10000 solid preparation units and is prepared by the following components: 10-500g of lenalidomide, 300-1200g of premixed powder, 50-200g of cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1-50g of magnesium stearate and 100-500ml of 10% (percent weight in volume) povidone absolute ethyl alcohol solution, wherein the premixed powder is the mixture of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose which have the weight ratio of 2:3. In addition, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the lenalidomide oral solid preparation and usage thereof. The lenalidomide oral solid preparation has the advantages that a sample can be reserved for a long time with stable quality; and the lenalidomide oral solid preparation can be released within a short time so as to be easily absorbed by the human body completely.

The invention relates to a preparing method for ball-like metal magnetically soft alloy powder, and belongs to the technical field of powder preparing. The method comprises the steps that raw materials of a metal magnetically soft alloy are weighed and mixed according to the weight ratio, intermediate-frequency induction smelting is adopted, and the molten alloy is prepared into an alloy casting strip through a thin-strip continuous casting technology; the alloy casting strip is placed into a crushing device, and the alloy casting strip is crushed into particle powder under the inert gas shielding condition; the crushed powder is placed into a shaping treatment device to be shaped, ball-like powder with the regular shape is obtained, the powder is subjected to annealing heat treatment, and fine powder is prepared through screening and collecting. According to the method, the uniformity of alloy powder components can be obviously improved, meanwhile, the powder wrapping insulating and pressing forming are facilitated through the prepared ball-like single-crystal particle powder, the uniformity degree of a soft magnetism powder core pressing insulating layer and the mechanical strength obtained after pressing forming can be obviously improved, the probability of damage of the insulating layer in the powder pressing forming process is greatly reduced, and accordingly the application field of the soft magnetism powder core is greatly enlarged.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a forxiga intermediate. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, by taking dichloromethane as a solvent, reacting a compound (1) and oxalyl chloride under stirring conditions, performing reduced pressure distillation to remove the dichloromethane, and obtaining a concentrated solution of a compound (2); step 2, by taking the dichloromethane as a solvent, reacting the compound (2) and a compound (3) under the condition that aluminum trichloride serves as a catalyst, wherein the reaction temperature is 20 DEG C below zero to 10 DEG C below zero, the reaction time is 2-4 hours, and obtaining a compound (4); and step (3) by taking THF as a solvent, carrying out a reduction reaction on the compound (4), sodium borohydride and aluminum chloride anhydrous, thereof obtaining a compound (5), namely 5-bromine-2-chloro-4'-ethyoxydiphenylmethane. According to the method, the content of impurities can be reduced, the purity is improved, the yield is improved, and the method is suitable for synthesizing the forxiga intermediate in a large scale.

The invention discloses a 40-thousand-ton hard carbon black reaction furnace and a production process of carbon black. The carbon black reaction furnace comprises a combustion chamber, a venturi tube, a reaction chamber, and a quench zone. The uniquely designed combustion chamber of the reaction furnace ensures that the distribution of the temperature field of the carbon black production is more reasonable, the appropriate angle, length and inner diameter of the venturi tube ensure that raw oil is fully vaporized and sheared on the venturi tube part; and the reasonably designed reaction section and the matched quench zone ensure that the carbon black cracking reaction can be performed quickly, and the side reaction can be inhibited. Coal gas or natural gas is used as a fuel, the range of the raw oil is wider, the production capacity of the carbon black is high, unit consumption is low, a small amount of polluted product is discharged and the quality of the carbon black is high.

The invention relates to a preparation method for high-purity high-softening-point asphalt. The preparation method includes (1), adding low-QI high-purity impregnant asphalt into a stirring reaction kettle, continuously injecting air and nitrogen, stirring the asphalt, and performing air oxidation at the temperature of 180-330 DEG C for 10-30 hours; (2), adding the oxidized asphalt obtained from the step (1) into a scrapper film evaporator, and performing film distillation with the presence of nitrogen at the temperature of 320-360 DEG C under the vacuum negative pressure of 0.02MPa to remove light components to obtain the high-purity high-softening-point asphalt. The preparation method has the advantages that the softening point of the obtained high-purity high-softening-point asphalt reaches 250-300 DEG C, the coking value is larger than or equal to 75%, quinoline insoluble is less than or equal to 28%, volatiles are less than or equal to 36%, and toluene insoluble is more than or equal to 58%; impurity content is low, purity is high, production process is simple, energy conservation and environment protection are achieved, and the preparation method can be widely applied to lithium ion battery cathode material coating and carbon fiber production.

The invention discloses an extraction and preparation process of moxa floss moxibustion sticks and smokeless moxa sticks. The extraction and preparation process includes the following steps: selecting materials, sun-drying, sorting, tamping, sorting, tamping, sorting, screening, sorting and forming finished products. Moxa floss prepared by the process is reliable in quality, low in impurity content, assured in use, smokeless during burning and good for physical health.

The invention discloses artificial aged pit mud. The artificial aged pit mud is prepared from 1600-1800 parts by weight of yellow clay, 500-800 parts by weight of hot water, 5-10 parts by weight of bean cake, 10 parts by weight of beef extract, 6-8 parts by weight of yeast extract, 0.5-1 part by weight of urea, 1-2 parts by weight of diammonium, 0.5-1 part by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1-2 parts by weight of sodium acetate, 0.2-0.5 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15-25 parts by weight of Daqu, 20-30 parts by weight of vinasse, 60-70 parts by weight of distillation tails, 10-50 parts by weight of yellow water, 160-180 parts by weight of an acetic acid bacterium solution and 10-15 parts by weight of a methane bacterium solution. The preparation technology reduces domestication times, which is always 2-3 times, in the conventional pit mud culture and greatly improves ammoniacal nitrogen and available phosphorus contents of the pit mud. The preparation technology purifies pit mud microorganism and greatly improves anaerobic beneficial bacteria. The preparation technology improves beneficial components, reduces impurity content, eliminates peculiar smell of the pit mud and improves pit mud quality.

The invention belongs to the field of energy chemical industry, and discloses a method for preparing substitute natural gas by coal-based syngas; the method comprises the following steps: performing desulphurization and conversion of coal-based syngas, adding into a two-grade adiabatic reactor for a methanation reaction, allowing hydrogen in the coal-based syngas to react with carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to generate methane, then performing condensation and separation to obtain substitute natural gas with more than 94% of methane. Natural gas prepared by the method has a high heat value and a low impurity content.

The invention relates to an active carbon refining process, which comprises the following steps: active carbon crude products are prepared; the active carbon crude products are processed by A preparation process; the active carbon processed by the A preparation process is processed by B preparation process; the active carbon processed by the B preparation process is manufactured into finished active carbon after drying and sieving; the A preparation process comprises A preparation hot washing, rinsing and dehydration, and the B preparation process comprises B preparation hot washing, rinsing and dehydration; the A preparation is one water solution of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; the B preparation is one water solution of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid or hydrofluoric acid. The invention solves the problem that the impurity content is high in the existing active carbon, and the active carbon produced by the process of the invention has little impurity content and can be used for medicine and food industries.

The invention discloses a method for producing Cu-Ti alloy with high strength and high elasticity, comprising Ti:3.0-4.0wt%, the third element groups: 0.01-0.5wt%. Said method comprises following steps: adding main and auxiliary material to non- vacuum medium-frequency induction furnace, fusion casting with the protection of inert gas; rolling the got casting billet, controlling finishing rolling temperature of hot rolling and intermediate annealing temperature of cold rolling to be higher than alloy solvus, solution treatment or recrystallization anneal treatment at 750 -850 Deg. C, aging treating at 350 -450 Deg. C for 5-20 hours. This invention is characterized in that the phase structure and grain size of alloy are controlled through proper production process, and the comprehensive properties of alloy are greatly improved.

The invention discloses a method for producing feed-grade wet-process purified phosphoric acid together with high-purity high-whiteness semi-hydrated gypsum. The method includes following steps: subjecting raw phosphorite to smashing, grinding and flotation to obtain concentrate pulp, adding a metal ion inhibitor into the concentrate pulp, and filtering and separating after reaction to obtain pretreated phosphorite pulp; enabling phosphoric acid and the pretreated phosphorite pulp to be in extraction decomposition reaction, adding a compound purifying agent for defluorination and dearsenification, filtering and separating mixed pulp after reaction to obtain a filter cake I and filtrate I, adding monocalcium phosphate crystallization improver into the filtrate I for monocalcium phosphate cooling crystallization, filtering and separating to obtain crystallized monocalcium phosphate and filtrate II, enabling crystallized monocalcium phosphate and concentrated phosphoric acid to be in secondary extraction reaction, filtering and separating to obtain filtrate-the wet-process phosphoric acid, using hot water to wash the filter cake, and drying the filter cake to obtain semi-hydrated gypsum. By the method, concentration of the wet-process phosphoric acid is increased, impurity content is lowered, and the feed-grade wet-process phosphoric acid and high-purity high-whiteness semi-hydrated gypsum can be obtained.

The invention provides a method for preparing mullite and co-producing polyaluminum chloride by using high-alumina fly ash. The method comprises the steps: activating the high-alumina fly ash in concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out liquid-solid separation, and carrying out washing, so as to obtain first washed solid and first washing liquid; subjecting the first washed solid to a desilicification reaction in a concentrated base solution, carrying out liquid-solid separation, and carrying out washing, so as to obtain second washed solid and second washing liquid; washing the second washed solid in dilute hydrochloric acid, carrying out liquid-solid separation so as to obtain third solid and third washing liquid, and washing the third solid by water, so as to obtain fourth solid and fourth washing liquid; carrying out aftertreatment on the fourth solid so as to obtain the mullite, and preparing the polyaluminum chloride from the first washing liquid and/or the third washing liquid. The mullite prepared by the method is low in impurity content, high in bulk density and low in water absorption rate, the polyaluminum chloride flocculant can be coproduced, the source of raw materials is wide, the process is simple, and the acid/base consumption is low, so that the method has good economic, social and environmental benefits.

To provide a method which allows the combination of rapid formation of a chemical adsorption film with the preparation of the film which is reduced in the content of impurities and having a dense structure. A method for preparing a chemical adsorption film on the surface of a substrate containing an active hydrogen, characterized in that it includes treating a metal based surfactant having at least one hydrolyzable group with a metal oxide or a partially hydrolyzed product from a metal alkoxide and water in an organic solvent to form a solution, and contacting the solution with the surface of the substrate.

The invention discloses a three-way copper catalyst applied to synthesizing organic silicon monomer and a preparation method of the three-way copper catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: crushing copper oxide to be with a granularity of 1-10 micrometers; using hydrogen and nitrogen decomposed by ammonia as reducing gases to reduce the copper oxide in a reduction furnace with the temperature of 200-450 DEG C into metal copper powder; filling the reduced metal copper powder into a fluidized bed, introducing an oxygen-nitrogen mixture with an oxygen pressure not more than 0.015 MPa through the bed bottom to oxidize the metal copper at the temperature of 100-250 DEG C for 2-7 hours, thus obtaining copper catalyst product including cuprous oxide, metal copper and copper oxide, wherein the copper catalyst product comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40% of cuprous oxide, 40-80% of metal copper and 1-12% of copper oxide. According to the preparation method, the employed copper oxide material is low in impurity content, impurities are not introduced in the synthesis of organic silicon monomer, requirement on reaction equipment in the preparation process is simple, three wastes (waste gas, waste water and waste residues) are not generated in the process, and a mass of holes are generated due to the departure of oxygen after the copper oxide is employed to carry out reduction, so that the activity and selectivity of the catalyst are improved.

The invention discloses a method for extracting beryllium from alexandrite-type beryllium concentrate with a low enrichment ratio, and aims to solve the problem of high impurity concentration in the leachate when alexandrite-type beryllium mineral is soaked in acid directly, which strongly influences the follow-up recycling of beryllium. The method comprises the procedures of concentrate pre-treatment, acidification and roasting, water immersion, impurity removing, extraction, and recycling. The method comprises the following particular steps: pretreating the beryllium concentrate using a hydrochloric acid solution 3-5 mol/L with the concentration of 3-5 mol/L; adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the pretreating material obtained in the step (1) according to the acid mineral ratio of 1:(0.8-1.2); performing acidification and roasting for 0.5-1.5 h; performing water immersion according to the liquid solid ratio of (2-3):1; removing impurity through coprecipitation; extracting; performing reextraction, adopting stripping agent with the concentration of 2-3 mol/L to reextract the loading organic phase obtained in the step (5), performing ammonia salting-out or thermal decomposition to obtain the end product. The method is simple and reliable; the industrialized production can be easily realized; the content of beryllium fluoride or beryllia is higher than 97%; the product quality is good; the recovery of beryllium is higher than 73%; the method is suitable for extracting beryllium from high-fluoride low-grade alexandrite-type beryllium mineral.

The invention discloses a method for removing light impurities such as water, acetic acid and propylene and heavy impurities which can be condensed into tar in the maleic anhydride production field. According to two conventional technologies, a gas stripping column is arranged on the bottom of an absorption column so as to fill air for gas stripping, two switching coolers are arranged in front of the absorption column so as to respectively remove light and heavy impurities, and heavy impurities are condensed in the switching coolers in a practical operation process, so that cleaning is frequent and difficult; and the light impurities are subjected to gas stripping in the absorption column, so that the energy consumption is high, and the impurities cannot be thoroughly removed. According to the method, the gas stripping column is separately arranged, a column bottom is design to be conical, the light impurities are removed on the upper column part through air stripping, and the heavy impurities are removed on the column bottom through standing, so that the impurity content is effectively lowered, the product quality is improved, and an equipment blockage problem is solved; and moreover, the method is simple to operate and suitable for newly constructing and technologically reconstructing a solvent absorption maleic anhydride device, so that the economic benefit of the maleic anhydride production is greatly improved.

The invention provides a method for preparing bisphenol A cyanate which comprises the steps of, dissolving the cyanogen chloride with a purity of 95-100% into organic solvent, dissolving bisphenol an and triethylamine into the same organic solvent, dropping the solution of bisphenol an and triethylamine into the cyanogen chloride solution, wherein the mol ratio of bisphenol A, cyanogen chloride and catalyst is 1 : 2-5 : 2-6, then extracting bisphenol A cyanate through conventional methods. The invention can realize improved purity and clean production.

The invention provides a high-conductivity heat-resisting aluminum alloy monofilament material and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy monofilament material comprises raw materials in percentage by mass as follows: 0.002%-0.03% of B, 0.02%-0.10% of Sn, 0.018%-0.030% of Zr, 0.001%-0.06% of Si, 0.001%-0.15% of Fe, smaller than or equal to 0.01% of V, Ti, Cr and Mn and the balance of aluminum. The aluminum alloy monofilament material is prepared through smelting, refining, casting, rod making and wire drawing. The conductivity of the prepared heat-resisting aluminum alloy monofilament material is larger than or equal to 61.2% according to IACS (international annealed copper standard), the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 165 MPa, the elongation percentage is larger than 2.0%, the heat-resistance temperature is higher than or equal to 150 DEG C, and the residual strength ratio is larger than 90% after the material is heated for 1 hour at the temperature of 230 DEG C.

The invention discloses a low-alloyed degradable miniature inner fixed assembly, a magnesium alloy preparation method and a magnesium alloy material. The low-alloyed magnesium alloy material which ismicro in impurity content and low in degrading rate is obtained by means of the preparation methods of smelting, solution heat treatment and the like. Different strength and plasticity are matched bymeans of adjusting and rolling and post-rolling annealing process of the magnesium alloy material, so as to prepare medical implant miniature inner fixed assemblies which have different demands on strength and plasticity.

The invention relates to a method for extracting and processing lavender essential oil, belonging to the technical field of preparation of lavender essential oil. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pulverizing lavender flowers to 10-40 meshes, filling into an extraction tank of which the temperature is 35-55 DEG C, introducing supercritical CO2 gas into the extraction tank at the flow rate of 15-25 L/hour, and extracting under the pressure of 16-28 MPa for 1.0-3.0 hours; and (2) introducing the CO2 gas after extracting the lavender essential oil into a separation kettle 1 and a separation kettle 2 to carry out separation, and respectively collecting lavender wax lavender essential oil at the separation kettle 1 and the separation kettle 2, wherein the pressure and temperature of the separation kettle 1 are respectively 6-8 MPa and 30-50 DEG C, and the pressure and temperature of the separation kettle 2 are respectively 4-6 MPa and 30-40 DEG C.

The invention discloses a low-temperature coal tar pretreatment technology. The pretreatment technology comprises the following steps: heating coal tar to the temperature of 50-80 DEG C for settling separation, mixing the low-temperature coal tar without separated waste water, 10-100 [mu]mg/g of a de-emulsifier, 0-200 [mu]mg/g of a dechlorinating agent, and 5-20 wt% of water, by metering with gross weight of a mixture, heating the raw materials to the temperature of 60-90 DEG C and centrifuging the raw materials, heating the low-temperature coal tar without separated waste water to the temperature of 90-140 DEG C, introducing the raw materials into a primary electrical desalter through a primary mixer for primary electrical desalting, and introducing the low-temperature coal tar after primary electrical desalting into a secondary electrical desalter through a secondary mixer for secondary electrical desalting to obtain the coal tar. The technology has the advantages of high production efficiency, good pretreatment effect, and low energy consumption.

The invention discloses a device for reducing potassium fluotantalate by sodium. The device comprises a reaction container and a reaction container cover which is in matched sealing with the reaction container; a sodium collecting device is arranged below the reaction container cover; a cooler is arranged at the position, corresponding to the sodium collecting device, on the reaction container cover. The invention further discloses a method for producing tantalum powder by using the device. The device and the method disclosed by the invention are safe and reliable; the tantalum powder produced by reducing the potassium fluotantalate by the sodium is low in impurity content.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene material and a graphene material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: putting graphene oxide containing metal impurities and/or non-metallic impurities into a carrier, and putting the carrier into a high temperature vacuum furnace; vacuumizing the high temperature vacuum furnace to a negative pressure of 60-100Pa; settingthe temperature of the high temperature vacuum furnace to 1250-2500 DEG C, and heating for 60-600min. According to the technical scheme, the high temperature vacuum furnace is used for effectively removing the impurities under the conditions of proper temperature range, vacuum degree range and reaction time according to the difference between the melting and boiling points of graphene and the impurity, the defect of an SP3 structure in the graphene oxide is repaired, and the oxygen-containing functional groups of the graphene oxide are removed, so that the high-quality graphene material withhigher purity is prepared. Furthermore, according to the method, the invention also provides the graphene material.

The invention relates the iron bronze composite powder and preparing method. The invention adopts chemical replacement method to form metal powder with bronze coating layer on the iron powder; the tin content is 1-11%, the copper content is 9-49%, and the left is iron, The method has the advantages of saving the cost, and the product has good property and long life. The bruising strength of the product is 28kgf/mm2. The product has not leaded, so the method is not bad for environment and human.

The invention discloses a method for preparing an yttrium tantalate high-temperature ceramic through a solid phase method, wherein the molecular formula of the compound yttrium tantalate is YTaO4. According to the preparation method, the used raw materials are yttrium oxide and tantalum oxide; and the method comprises: weighing the raw materials according to a certain ratio, mixing the raw materials in anhydrous ethanol, placing into a planetary ball mill, carrying out ball milling to achieve a uniformly-mixing state, drying the mixed powder, screening, placing into a mold, compacting, pre-sintering, cooling, taking out the pre-sintered sample, grinding, carrying out ball milling, drying, screening, placing the screened powder into the mold, compacting, and carrying out secondary sintering. According to the present invention, the product purity of the process is high, the impurity content is low, the product preparation cost is low, the method is suitable for mass production, and the target product is expected to be used as the novel high-temperature resistant, anti-oxidation and anti-wear ceramic material.