2902 results about "Carbon deposition" patented technology

The direct electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons in solid oxide fuel cells, to generate greater power densities at lower temperatures without carbon deposition. The performance obtained is comparable to that of fuel cells used for hydrogen, and is achieved by using novel anode composites at low operating temperatures.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst for preparing synthesis gas by reforming methane and carbon dioxide, which comprises the following steps: soaking a carrier into a mixed solution of cerium(III) nitrate and lanthanum nitrate, and drying and roasting the soaked carrier for 2 to 10 hours to obtain a modified carrier (A); soaking the (A) into a soluble nickel salt solution orsoaking the (A) into a chloroplatinic acid solution, and drying and roasting the soaked carrier to obtain (B) or (C); soaking the (B) into the chloroplatinic acid solution or soaking the (C) into thesoluble nickel salt solution, and drying and roasting the soaked carrier to obtain a catalyst precursor, or soaking the modified carrier into a mixed solution of the soluble nickel salt solution andthe chloroplatinic acid, and drying and roasting the soaked carrier to obtain a catalyst precursor; and reducing the precursor in hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas to obtain the catalyst. The catalyst has the advantages of low cost, good catalytic activity under the reaction condition of large space velocity, high selectivity for H2 and CO, and good sintering resistance and carbon deposition resistance.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent. The steps are as follows: (1) solidification: polymer is used as a raw material and is arranged in a thermostatic drying oven to be solidified; (2) dry distillation: the solidified macromoleclar polymer is pulverized by a pulverizer and then is processed by dry distillation; (3) fine pulverization: the macromoleclar polymer which is pulverized and processed by dry distillation is further processed by fine pulverization in the premise that the particle diameter of the macromoleclar polymer does not meet the requirement, and ball milling or gas milling is used for preparing micro-particles; (4) molding: the macromoleclar polymer which is processed by fine pulverization is mixed and uniformly stirred with agglomerant by mass ratio, and the mixture obtained is pressed and molded by an oil hydraulic press and then is dried; (5) carbonization and activation: under the state of N2 protection, temperature is raised for carbonization so as to increase the CMS surface area; and (6) carbon precipitation and hole adjustment: the hole adjustment agent is decomposed in the carbon molecular sieve for carbon deposition, the particle diameter is shortened and is enabled to be uniform, and the carbon molecular sieve product can be obtained after cooling. The carbon molecular sieve has the advantages of high CH4 adsorbing capacity, high selectivity factor of adsorption, favorable strength, low cost and no pollution, and the performance achieves or surpasses the standard of a sample of Japan carbon molecular sieve.

The invention relates to the technical field of engine cleaning agents, and particularly relates to an engine carbon deposition cleaning agent. The engine carbon deposition cleaning agent is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of surfactant, 5-10 parts of penetrant, 5-15 parts of dispersant, 5-20 parts of emulsifier and 35-80 parts of organic solvent. The cleaning agent has the advantages of high cleaning efficiency, high safety and practicability, environment friendliness and the like.

Disclosed is a substrate-mediated assembly for graphene structures. According to an embodiment, long-range ordered, multilayer BN(111) films can be formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto a substrate. The subject BN(111) films can then be used to order carbon atoms into a graphene sheet during a carbon deposition process.

The invention discloses a surface heating type atomizer and an electronic cigarette provided with same. The atomizer comprises a base and heating element, which are mutually connected; the heating element comprises a ceramic seat, an accommodating groove used for accommodating solid tobacco tar or paste is formed in the ceramic seat, a nano titanium metal heating material film is covered on the outer side of the ceramic seat; the electronic cigarette comprises an atomizer component and a cigarette rod component, which are mutually connected; the atomizer component comprises a cigarette holder, an atomizer tube, a first electrode connecting component and the atomizer, which are connected in sequence; the cigarette rod comprises a battery tube, as well as a second electrode connecting component, a battery and a control panel, which are arranged in the battery tube, the second electrode connecting component are connected with the battery through the control panel, a key switch connected with the control panel is arranged on the battery tube, and the first electrode connecting component and the second electrode connecting component are connected and conducted. The atomizer and the electronic cigarette provided with same have the advantages that the heating area is big, the atomization performance is good, the amount of the atomized oil smoke at a time is big, carbon deposition is avoided during the using process, the service life is long, and the atomizer and the electronic cigarette are energy-saving and environment-friendly.

The invention discloses a catalyst applicable to carbon dioxide dry reforming of methane, a preparation method thereof and application thereof. The catalyst utilizes a modified gamma-Al2O3 as a carrier, the gamma-Al2O3 contains one or more oxides of La, Ce and Zr with the mass percentage of 1 percent to 20 percent, Ni with the mass percentage of 1 percent to 20 percent and Co with the mass percentage of 1 percent to 20 percent are take as an active component and the catalyst is prepared by impregnation. The catalyst has the advantages of simple technology, higher catalytic activity and selectivity, higher anti-sintering ability, better ability against carbon deposition on the surface, etc. The invention can be used in the carbon dioxide dry reforming of methane, has reproducibility since reaction material can be obtained from biogas, and has significant meaning on sustainable development of energy and environmental protection.

The invention discloses a composite metal salt catalyst for a hydrochlorination reaction of acetylene, belonging to the technical field of catalysts. The composite metal salt catalyst takes gold as active metal, and the reduction deactivation of the composite metal salt catalyst is reduced by reducing reduction potential of metal through a complexing action of a thiocyanate radical or a cyanate radical. Carbon deposition in a reaction process is restrained by introducing one or more of potassium, cerium and lanthanum elements. The composite metal salt catalyst is loaded on active carbon or carbon nanometer pipe with the specific surface area of not less than 100m<2>*g<-1>, wherein the mass fraction of a gold load is 0.05-0.50%, the mass fraction of a copper load is 0.1-5.0%, and the mass fraction of the potassium/cerium/lanthanum load is 0.1-5.0%. In a reaction for preparing vinyl chloride, composite salt of gold and copper has excellent activity, selectivity and stability; furthermore, one or two of cerium and lanthanum are added to a catalyst so as to be capable of effectively restraining the carbon deposition and catalyzing a hydrochlorination process of the acetylene in low cost and high efficiency.

The invention relates to an air compressor oil composition, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5 to 5 percent of antioxidant, 0.03 to 0.5 percent of ashless antirust agent, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of metal deactivator, 0.01 to 1 percent of ashless antiwear agent, 0.001 to 0.01 percent of anti-foaming agent and the balance of base oil, wherein the base oil is prepared by mixing poly alpha-olefin with ester oil in a weight ratio of 7-9:3-1 or mixing hydrogenated oil with the ester oil in the weight ratio of 7-9:3-1; and the antioxidant is the mixture of dialkylaniline, high-molecular thioether phenol and 4,4-methylenedi(2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol) in the weight ratio of 1:0.1-10:0.1-10. The air compressor oil composition has the advantages of excellent high-temperature anti-oxidation stability, anti-carbon deposition property, abrasive resistance, obvious energy-saving effect, good cost performance and low cost.

The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell for internal reforming of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, in particular, to a solid oxide fuel cell in which one side of solid oxide electrolyte (YSZ) is attached to an air electrode (La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃) and its other side is attached to a catalyst electrode of Ni-YSZ type or perovskite type metal oxide. The electrochemical conversion system using the solid oxide fuel cell permits the occurrence of internal reforming of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide concomitantly with the coproduction of a syngas and electricity, and overcomes the shortcomings associated with the catalytic deactivation due to carbon deposition and the high-energy consumption.

The invention provides a method for preparing alkane fuel with a high cetane number by catalyzing plant oil or long-chain fatty acid by a Ru catalyst, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing plant oil or long-chain fatty acid with a solvent in proportion; (2) adding a catalyst with the hydrogenation function into the mixed solution in step (1); (3) reacting in reducing atmosphere to obtain long-chain alkane with a main component of C15-C18. The method for catalyzing plant oil or long-chain fatty acid by a Ru catalyst provided by the invention has a high fatty acid conversion rate and a high alkane yield. In addition, the method of the invention is simple in process, convenient for operation, and mild in reaction condition; the whole reaction process is basically free of carbon deposition; the catalyst is cheap, easily available, and suitable for multi-time repeated use without activity reduction. The product of the invention can be used directly as diesel oil, and has important economic and social meaning for vehicle liquid fuel sustainable supply.

The invention relates to a synthetic method of a load type molybdenum carbide catalyst, which belongs to the field of catalytic materials and comprises the steps of: dispersing organic-inorganic mixed molybdenum oxide-polyaniline used as precursors in H2O/EtO; drying after mixing with carriers, such as carbon nanotubes and the like; and then roasting at an inert atmosphere to obtain the load typemolybdenum carbide catalyst. In the load process, other metal salts can also be added to modify the molybdenum carbide catalyst to obtain a metal modified load type molybdenum carbide catalyst. The molybdenum carbide catalyst prepared by the invention has the advantages of large external surface area, less surface carbon deposition, abundant catalytic performance of precious metal and the like, and can be used for conveniently modifying the catalyst. The loading molybdenum carbide catalyst has important application in various catalytic reactions.

The invention discloses environment-friendly and energy-saving gasoline engine lubricating oil, which is composed of composite base oil, a composite oxidation and a corrosion inhibitor, a composite metal detergent, a composite ashless dispersant, a metal passivator, an antirusting agent, an antifoaming agent and a viscosity index improver, wherein the base oil is compounded from poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) and dioctyl sebacate. With the adoption of the gasoline engine lubricating oil, energy conservation, long oil change period, and reduction for waste oil, waste gas and particulate matters are realized, biodegradability is high compared with the traditional lubricating oil, the fuel economy of an engine is improved, the service life of the engine is prolonged, and the generation of oil sludge and carbon deposition in the engine can be inhibited; and the base oil technical requirements of quality grade specifications SG, SH, SJ, SL, SM and SN of gasoline engine lubricating oil, and the performance requirements of multi-grade oil with viscosity grades 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W and the like can be met.

The invention provides a method for preparing liquid alkane fuel by upgrading bio-oil in an aqueous phase catalytic mode. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) pretreating the bio-oil to obtain a water-soluble component and a water-insoluble component; 2) performing a pressurized acid hydrolysis process on a furan compound of the water-insoluble component to prepare the furan compound; 3) performing a reforming and hydrogen production reaction on the water-soluble component; 4) mixing the furan compound with a liquid-phase product separated from the step 3) to perform an aldol condensation reaction to increase carbon chains; and 5) performing a hydrogenation and dehydration reaction on an aldol condensation product to obtain liquid linear alkane. The method has the advantages that: an upgrading process, which is performed in a double-phase system, can effectively contribute to the desorption of an intermediate product from the surface of a catalyst and the mass transfer of an upgraded product, and can reduce the risk of carbon deposition on the surface of the catalyst; the quality of oil obtained by the method is high; the energy density and the energy grade of the bio-oil are improved greatly; and the liquid alkane fuel can be obtained from all kinds of bio-oil so as to partially substitute for the conventional widely-used fossil gasoline and diesel oil fuel.

The invention provides a method for preparing cyclopentanone and/or cyclopentanol by furfural or furfuryl alcohol. The method includes the following steps of firstly, mixing furfural or furfuryl alcohol with solvent according to proportion; secondly, adding catalyst with hydrogenating function into the mixture in the first step; and thirdly, reacting in the reducing atmosphere to obtain cyclopentanone and/or cyclopentanol. The method for preparing cyclopentanone and/or cyclopentanol by furfural or furfural alcohol is high in yield of the cyclopentanone and/or cyclopentanol, and further, is simple in process, convenient to operate, mild in reaction conditions, no carbon deposition is caused during the whole reaction, the catalyst is low in cost and easy to obtain and can be reused without lowering activity.

The invention discloses an unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrogenation catalyst, belonging to the technical field of hydrogenation catalysts. For meeting the requirements of water resistance and carbon deposition resistance on the unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrogenation catalyst, the catalyst contains a carrier, a metal active ingredient loaded on the carrier and a silane group, the silane group on the catalyst is grafted by performing silylanizing treatment, and the content of the silane group is 0.05-25 percent by weight; and the carrier is made of a porous material of which the specific surface area is 2-300 m<2>/g, the pore volume is 0.05-1.2 ml/g, the average pore diameter is 9-150 nanometers, over 50 percent of pore volume is included in pores with pore diameters being greater than 9 nanometers, and the pore volume of pores with pore diameters being smaller than 5 nanometers is less than 25 percent. Compared with the conventional catalyst, the catalyst disclosed by the invention has theadvantages of high water resistance, small amount of deposited carbon, longer service life and great reduction in the powder removal phenomenon of the catalyst when the catalyst is applied to unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrogenation.

The present invention relates to a Ni-based catalyst for preparing syngas and a tri-reforming reaction of methane using the catalyst, particularly to a Ni-based catalyst, where an active ingredient (a nickel) is impregnated in a zirconia support and the zirconia is doped with a yttrium and a metal selected among a lanthanum and an alkaline earth metal to distort the crystal lattice of the zirconia, to facilitate the transfer of oxygen ion and to increase the storage and supply of oxygen, thus inhibiting the carbon deposition on the active nickel metal and maintaining the activity of the catalyst. Particularly, if the catalyst herein is used for the tri-reforming reaction of methane where a mixture of carbon dioxide, oxygen and steam is used as an oxidant, the molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (H₂/CO) in the syngas may be selectively controlled.

The invention relates to a work-starting method of FCC gasoline hydrodesulfurization to degrade the alkenes. According to the invention, on the basis of regular wet process thiolaction, it adopts reformed generating oil as the sulfurized oil so as to avoid the extra high temperature in the early starting time, decrease the carbon deposition of the catalyst and increase the stability and activity of the catalyst. The invention can be used in different kinds of gasoline that contains molecular sieve reforming catalyst thiolaction, especially the gasoline that contains high molecular sieve.

The invention provides a catalyst for synthesizing ethylene glycol by oxalate hydrogenation, and a preparation method and an application method of the catalyst. The preparation method comprises the steps of taking copper nitrate and copper acetate as copper sources, taking alkaline silica gel as a silicon source, and taking urea and ammonia water as a precipitant; adding a multi-hydroxyl organic matter; and preparing a Cu/SiO2 catalyst with a deposition-precipitation method. According to the method, the dimension and dispersity of copper species are adjusted and controlled by adding the multi-hydroxyl organic matter in the preparation process, and the aggregation of the copper species is inhibited by utilizing carbon deposition, so that the problem of easy sintering of the copper species at a high temperature is better solved. The application method for applying the catalyst to the synthesis of ethylene glycol by oxalate hydrogenation comprises the steps of firstly enabling the organic matter on the catalyst to form the carbon deposition at a relatively high temperature in an inert atmosphere; secondly switching inert gas to hydrogen in a cooling process after carbon deposition formation; and finally when the temperature is reduced to a reaction temperature, performing subsequent hydrogenation synthesis. The method has the characteristics that the catalyst does not need to be pre-roasted before use, and hydrogen pre-reduction does not need to be carried out for a long time, so that the preparation and use costs of the catalyst can be reduced.

The invention relates to a methane dry reforming catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises immersion of a carrier in an immersion solution, drying and roasting. The immersion solution contains a soluble compound of a metal active ingredient and a surfactant. The catalyst active metal crystal grains have small sizes and high dispersity. The preparation method has simple processes, a low equipment investment and low energy consumption. Compared with the same type of the existing catalyst, the catalyst obtained through the preparation method has higher catalytic reaction activity and better carbon deposition resistance and lays a foundation for the industrial application of methane dry reforming preparation of synthetic gas.

The invention relates to an anti-carbon-deposition Ni-based catalyst for hydrogen production by methane steam reforming and a preparation method thereof. By taking lanthanum nitrate, praseodymium nitrate, samarium nitrate, yttrium nitrate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium oxychloride, and the like as precursors and taking ammonia as a precipitant, a pyrochlore composite oxide is prepared through using a coprecipitation method; and then the pyrochlore composite oxide is mixed with alumina by using a mechanical mixing method so as to obtain a pyrochlore alumina composite carrier. Nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel oxalate and the like serving as nickel sources are loaded on the pyrochlore alumina composite carrier through direct immersion. The loading capacity of nickel in the catalyst accounts for 5-30% of the weight of the catalyst, the pyrochlore content of the catalyst is 5-50%, and the alumina content of the catalyst is 20-90%. By taking the pyrochlore alumina composite oxide as a carrier, the reaction activity and anti-carbon-deposition performance of the catalyst can be greatly increased; the preparation method of the catalyst is simple; and the catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and stability to methane steam reforming in a stationary bed.

This invention discloses an alcoholic group liquid fuel, its goal is to provides an alcoholic group liquid fuel of high heat value, stable flame, low cost, convenient using, and propitious to environment protection. The fuel is consisted by following components of weight portions, methanol 50~100, ethanol 10~20, acetone 8~2, isobutyl alcohol 5~10, hydrogen peroxide 0.5~5, potassium permanganate 0.3~1.5, camphor 1~3, water 5~15, stabilizer 10. The stabilizer is consisted by bean oil 3~8, glycerol 0.5~3, tung oil 1.5~4 of weight protions. The fuel in this invention can replace other fuels for special cooking machine as cooking fuel. Its stability is high, burning is full, heat value is high, and no pollution to air. There is no residue, no fume and dust, no favor, no carbon deposition, and environment is not polluted, human body is not harmed. The fuel is almost no volatilization, and can dissolve in water, it can be damped down when it is firing, so it is safety and reliable.