3987 results about "Carbon layer" patented technology

Methods and apparatus for depositing an amorphous carbon layer on a substrate are provided. In one embodiment, a deposition process includes positioning a substrate in a substrate processing chamber, introducing a hydrocarbon source having a carbon to hydrogen atom ratio of greater than 1:2 into the processing chamber, introducing a plasma initiating gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, helium, argon, nitrogen, and combinations thereof into the processing chamber, with the hydrocarbon source having a volumetric flow rate to plasma initiating gas volumetric flow rate ratio of 1:2 or greater, generating a plasma in the processing chamber, and forming a conformal amorphous carbon layer on the substrate.

Implantable medical devices with biocompatible coatings and processes for their production are described. The present invention relates in particular to medical implantable devices coated with a carbon-containing layer which devices are produced by at least partially coating the device with a polymer film and heating the polymer film in an atmosphere which is essentially free from oxygen to temperatures in the region of 200° C. to 2500° C., a carbon-containing layer being produced on the implantable medical device.

A method for depositing an amorphous carbon layer on a substrate includes the steps of positioning a substrate in a chamber, introducing a hydrocarbon source into the processing chamber, introducing a heavy noble gas into the processing chamber, and generating a plasma in the processing chamber. The heavy noble gas is selected from the group consisting of argon, krypton, xenon, and combinations thereof and the molar flow rate of the noble gas is greater than the molar flow rate of the hydrocarbon source. A post-deposition termination step may be included, wherein the flow of the hydrocarbon source and the noble gas is stopped and a plasma is maintained in the chamber for a period of time to remove particles therefrom.

A method of depositing a carbon layer on a workpiece includes placing the workpiece in a reactor chamber, introducing a carbon-containing process gas into the chamber, generating a reentrant toroidal RF plasma current in a reentrant path that includes a process zone overlying the workpiece by coupling plasma RF source power to an external portion of the reentrant path, and coupling RF plasma bias power or bias voltage to the workpiece.

A method of forming a conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer on an irregular surface of a semiconductor substrate includes: vaporizing a hydrocarbon-containing precursor; introducing the vaporized precursor and an argon gas into a CVD reaction chamber inside which the semiconductor substrate is placed; depositing a conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer on the irregular surface of the semiconductor substrate by plasma CVD; and controlling the deposition of the conformal ratio of the depositing conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer. The controlling includes (a) adjusting a step coverage of the conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer to about 30% or higher as a function of substrate temperature, and (b) adjusting a conformal ratio of the conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer to about 0.9 to about 1.1 as a function of RF power and / or argon gas flow rate.

Methods are described for forming and curing a gapfill silicon-and-carbon-containing layer on a semiconductor substrate. The silicon and carbon constituents may come from a silicon-and-carbon-containing precursor excited by a radical hydrogen precursor that has been activated in a remote plasma region. Exemplary precursors include 1,3,5-trisilapentane (H3Si—CH2—SiH2—CH2—SiH3) as the silicon-and-carbon-containing precursor and hydrogen (H2) as the hydrogen-containing precursor. The hydrogen-containing precursor may also be a hydrocarbon, such as acetylene (C2H2) or ethylene (C2H4). The hydrogen-containing precursor is passed through a remote plasma region to form plasma effluents (the radical hydrogen precursor) which are flowed into the substrate processing region. When the silicon-and-carbon-containing precursor combines with the plasma effluents in the substrate processing region, they form a flowable silicon-carbon-and-hydrogen-containing layer on the semiconductor substrate.

This invention provides a nanocomposite-based lithium battery electrode comprising: (a) A porous aggregate of electrically conductive nano-filaments that are substantially interconnected, intersected, physically contacted, or chemically bonded to form a three-dimensional network of electron-conducting paths, wherein the nano-filaments have a diameter or thickness less than 1 μm (preferably less than 500 nm); and (b) Sub-micron or nanometer-scale electro-active particles that are bonded to a surface of the nano-filaments with a conductive binder material, wherein the particles comprise an electro-active material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions and wherein the electro-active material content is no less than 25% by weight based on the total weight of the particles, the binder material, and the filaments. Preferably, these electro-active particles are coated with a thin carbon layer. This electrode can be an anode or a cathode. The battery featuring such an anode or cathode exhibits an exceptionally high specific capacity, an excellent reversible capacity, and a long cycle life.

Methods are described for forming flowable carbon layers on a semiconductor substrate. A local excitation (such as a hot filament in hot wire CVD, a plasma in PECVD or UV light) may be applied as described herein to a silicon-free carbon-containing precursor containing a hydrocarbon to form a flowable carbon-containing film on a substrate. A remote excitation method has also been found to produce flowable carbon-containing films by exciting a stable precursor to produce a radical precursor which is then combined with unexcited silicon-free carbon-containing precursors in the substrate processing region.

Methods are described for forming flowable carbon layers on a semiconductor substrate. A local excitation (such as a hot filament in hot wire CVD, a plasma in PECVD or UV light) may be applied as described herein to a silicon-free carbon-containing precursor containing a hydrocarbon to form a flowable carbon-containing film on a substrate. A remote excitation method has also been found to produce flowable carbon-containing films by exciting a stable precursor to produce a radical precursor which is then combined with unexcited silicon-free carbon-containing precursors in the substrate processing region.

A barrier assembly having a flexible or rigid substrate overcoated with an all polymer multilayer stack. A multilayer on the substrate includes alternating diamond-like glass or carbon layers with polymer layers. Another multilayer includes alternating polymer layers using different types of polymers. The barrier layers can be used to mount, cover, encapsulate or form composite assemblies for protection of moisture or oxygen sensitive articles

The invention relates to a silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof. The silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material successively comprises nano silicon / graphite particles, a first carbon coating layer and an organic cracking carbon layer from inside to outside. The nano silicon / graphite particles are globular or globular-like composite particles formed by employing graphite as an inner core of a volume expansion buffer substrate and coating a nano silicon particle layer; the first carbon coating layer comprises carbon nanotubes and / or amorphous carbon, the carbon nanotubes and / or amorphous carbon are interspersed in a gap network formed by gaps of the nano silicon particles and / or are coated outside the nano silicon particle layer, so that the nano silicon is tightly wrapped between the carbon nanotubes and / or between the carbon nanotubes and the graphite substrate, and besides, the material ion conductivity is effectively enhanced; the organic cracking carbon layer is an outermost coating layer of the silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material. The silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material has excellent cycle performance, excellent multiplying power charging and discharging performance and lower volume expansion effect.

Methods and systems for forming high aspect ratio features on a substrate are disclosed. Exemplary methods include forming a first carbon layer within a recess, etching a portion of the first carbon layer within the recess, and forming a second carbon layer within the recess. Structures formed using the methods or systems are also disclosed.

Synthesis process for new particles of Li4Ti5O12, Li(4-alpha)ZalphaTi5O12 or Li4ZbetaTi(5-beta)O12, preferably having a spinel structure, wherein beta is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5 (preferably having a spinel structure), alpha representing a number greater than zero and less than or equal to 0.33, Z representing a source of at least one metal, preferably chosen from the group made up of Mg, Nb, Al, Zr, Ni, Co. These particles coated with a layer of carbon notably exhibit electrochemical properties that are particularly interesting as components of anodes and / or cathodes in electrochemical generators.

Anode active materials, methods of producing the same and lithium batteries using the same are provided. More particularly, an anode active material having high capacity and excellent capacity retention, a method of producing the same and a lithium battery having a long lifespan using the same are provided. The anode active material comprises complex material particles comprising silicon and graphite, a carbon layer covering the surface of the complex material particles, and a silicon-metal alloy formed between the complex material particles and the amorphous carbon layer.

The invention discloses a kind of biomass gasifying method and device. The technology through separating the two courses of solid biomass pyrogenation and decomposition and gasification of the pyrogenation outcome, then transform the biomass into flammable gas of rather low tar content. Firstly send biomass into the pyrogenation reactor, without oxidant in; have pyrogenation reaction at 400 - 650 Deg. C, the pyrogenation outcome including pyrogenation gas and remaining charcoal gets into pyrogenation carburetor, and have incomplete oxidizing combustion reaction with sent oxidant, to form a high temperature of 900 - 1100 Deg. C. At the time, the heavy hydrocarbon substance of tar decomposes into small molecule gas, and the decomposed gas leaves out of the carburetor after having deoxidizing reaction with the nether blazing carbon layer. The high temperature gas is provided for consumers' use after depurated and cooled. The gas produced by the invention has very low tar content, which makes the following depurating equipment simple, won't produce second pollution and makes the raw materials widely used. The produced fuel gas can be used in civil filed and directly used for generating electricity.

Memory cells, and methods of forming such memory cells, are provided that include a carbon-based reversible resistivity switching material. In particular embodiments, methods in accordance with this invention form a memory cell by forming a layer of carbon material above a substrate, forming a barrier layer above the carbon layer, forming a hardmask layer above the barrier layer, forming a photoresist layer above the hardmask layer, patterning and developing the photoresist layer to form a photoresist region, patterning and etching the hardmask layer to form a hardmask region, and using an ashing process to remove the photoresist region while the barrier layer remains above the carbon layer. Other aspects are also provided.

A method for making a magnetic disk comprises forming first and second protective carbon layers on a magnetic layer. The first protective carbon layer is predominantly SP3 carbon. The second protective carbon layer comprises about 50% or less SP3 carbon. The second protective carbon layer is very thin, e.g. between 0.1 and 1.0 nm thick. A lubricant layer (e.g. a perfluoropolyether lubricant) is applied to the second protective carbon layer. The second protective carbon layer facilitates improved cooperation between lubricant and the disk.

A method of forming a gate electrode for a fin field effect transistor (FinFET) includes forming a fin on a substrate and forming an oxide layer over the fin. The method further includes forming a carbon layer over the oxide layer and forming a trench in the oxide layer and the carbon layer, where the trench crosses over the fin. The method also includes filling the trench with a material to form the gate electrode.

A composite material featuring carbon nanotubes reinforcing a matrix featuring metal or silicon carbide, or both. Such composites can be produced using a molten silicon metal infiltration technique, for example, a siliconizing or a reaction-bonding process. Here, the carbon nanotubes are prevented from chemically reacting with the silicon infiltrant by an interfacial coating disposed between the carbon nanotubes and the infiltrant. Preferably, the coating is free carbon or a carbonaceous precursor material added during preform processing, or after. The reaction-bonding system is designed such that the molten infiltrant of silicon metal or silicon alloy reacts with at least some of the interfacial carbon layer to form in-situ silicon carbide, and that the formed SiC is sufficiently dense that it effectively seals off the underlying carbon nanotube from exposure to additional molten infiltrant. A reaction-bonded composite body containing even a small percentage of carbon nanotubes possessed a significant increase in electrical conductivity as compared to a reaction-bonded composite not containing such nanotubes, reflecting the high electrical conductivity of the nanotubes.

The invention discloses a silicon-carbon negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, and solves the technological problem of improving the charge and discharge cycling stability of the electrode material. The silicon-carbon negative electrode material is prepared by mixing a silicon-carbon composite material and a natural graphite material, wherein the weight of the silicon-carbon composite material is 7-20% and the silicon-carbon composite material is prepared by depositing carbon nanotube and / or carbon nanofiber on the surface of nanometer silica fume and / or embedding into the nanometer silica fume to form core, the surface of which is covered with 3-15wt% of a carbon layer. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises steps of: precursor silicon powder preparation; chemical vapor deposition; liquid-coating roasting; crushing; and mixing. In comparison with the prior art, the reversible specific capacity of the silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material is greater than 500mAh / g; the coulombic efficiency for a first cycle is greater than 80%; the capacity conservation rate of cycling for 50 weeks is greater than 95%. The preparation method is simple, is easy to operate, requires low cost and is suitable for a high-volume negative electrode material of lithium ion batteries used for various portable devices.

Negative active materials including metal nanocrystal composites comprising metal nanocrystals having an average particle diameter of about 20 nm or less and a carbon coating layer are provided. The negative active material includes metal nanocrystals coated by a carbon layer, which decreases the absolute value of the change in volume during charge / discharge and decreases the formation of cracks in the negative active material resulting from a difference in the volume change rate during charge / discharge between metal and carbon. Therefore, high charge / discharge capacities and improved capacity retention capabilities can be obtained.

The invention has a grain structure with an outer shell and several inner cores. The grain size is from 100 nanometers to 100 microns. The inner cores are compound grain that includes active substance and conducting additive. The outer shell is a carbon layer. The active substance takes 20-95wt% of total cathode active material, and is mixture of one or several transition metallic compound selected from silicon and lithium storage whose thermodynamic equilibrium potential is less than 1.5v. The cathode material can be made by using mechanical process or thermal method, and can be directly used as cathode material or used with other existing cathode material.

Device structures and methods for fabricating device structures are provided herein. Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices described herein may include a film stack comprising a magnetic tunneling junction layer, a dielectric capping layer, an etch stop layer, a conductive hard mask layer, a dielectric hard mask layer, a spin on carbon layer, and an anti-reflective coating layer. The film stack may be etched by one or more selected chemistries to achieve improved film stack sidewall verticality. Memory cells having increasingly uniform and reduced critical dimensions may be fabricated utilizing the methods and devices described herein.

The invention discloses a method for preparing fewer-layer graphene on the basis of biomass waste, which comprises the following steps: carrying out hydrothermal treatment on the biomass waste, and carrying out carbonization by heating and calcination, thereby obtaining a carbonization material; immersing the carbonization material in an acid solution to remove impurities, thereby obtaining biomass carbon; and quickly heating the biomass carbon in an argon atmosphere, and carrying out high-temperature graphitization to obtain the biomass fewer-layer graphene. The hydrothermal process is combined with the high-temperature graphitization to directly strip the biomass waste, and the carbonization and high-temperature graphitization are carried out. Thus, the prepared biomass fewer-layer graphene has the advantages of fewer layers (2-10 layers), fewer defects, fewer oxy groups, high electric conductivity and small carbon layer interval. The method is simple to operate, has the advantages of low cost and high graphene yield, and can easily implement industrialized large-scale production. The prepared biomass fewer-layer graphene can be used in the fields of lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors and the like, is beneficial to green production of battery industry, and has important practical value and favorable application prospects.

The present invention discloses lithium iron phosphate material for lithium ion power cell and its preparation process, and dissolves the technological problem of raising the discharge power and safety performance. The lithium iron phosphate material is spherical or spheroid composite particle with one base body of lithium iron phosphate and doping and modifying agent and one coating carbon layer. Its preparation process includes wet ball milling the mixture comprising lithium salt, ferric salt, phosphoric acid, doping and modifying agent and dispersant, spraying to pelletize, heating for pre-treatment, maintaining temperature, cooling, pulverizing and shaping. Compared with available technology, the present invention has the features of high crystallization, single structure, average composite particle size of 5-60 microns, specific surface area of 8.0-15.0 sq m / g, bulk density of 1.4-1.7 g / cu cm, high specific capacity, high safety, etc.

In a manufacturing method of a conductive composite particle, a conductive composite particle is manufactured that is formed of an active material particle having a region capable of electrochemically inserting and desorbing lithium and a carbon layer joined to the particle surface. In the carbon layer, fine metal particles are dispersed. This method has the following three steps. In the first step, a polymer material containing the metal element composing the fine metal particles is prepared. In the second step, the active material particle surface is coated with the polymer material containing the metal element. In the third step, a carbon layer having a porous structure including a fibrous structure is formed as the surface layer section from the polymer material by a treatment where the active material particle coated with the polymer containing the metal element is heated in an inert atmosphere to carbonize the polymer material.

A method for the detection of fibrin in a source, in particular the in vivo detection of a fibrin in a patient, the method comprising supplying to the source or patient an amount of a detectable reagent comprising a plurality of discrete particles, each of the particles comprising a plurality of layers of carbon and being capable of binding to fibrin; and detecting the presence of the particles in the source. The particles may also comprise a detectable marker encased in said plurality of layers of carbon, the presence of said marker being capable of detection in said source.