81results about How to "Easily ionized" patented technology

A method of forming a conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer on an irregular surface of a semiconductor substrate includes: vaporizing a hydrocarbon-containing precursor; introducing the vaporized precursor and an argon gas into a CVD reaction chamber inside which the semiconductor substrate is placed; depositing a conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer on the irregular surface of the semiconductor substrate by plasma CVD; and controlling the deposition of the conformal ratio of the depositing conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer. The controlling includes (a) adjusting a step coverage of the conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer to about 30% or higher as a function of substrate temperature, and (b) adjusting a conformal ratio of the conformal amorphous hydrogenated carbon layer to about 0.9 to about 1.1 as a function of RF power and / or argon gas flow rate.

A method for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a metal powder bed is provided, comprising the steps of: distributing a first metal powder layer on a work table inside a build chamber, directing at least one high energy beam from at least one high energy beam source over the work table causing the first metal powder layer to fuse in selected locations, distributing a second metal powder layer on the work table, directing at least one high energy beam over the work table causing the second metal powder layer to fuse in selected locations, introducing a first supplementary gas into the build chamber, which first supplementary gas comprising hydrogen, is capable of reacting chemically with or being absorbed by a finished three-dimensional article, and releasing a predefined concentration of the gas which had reacted chemically with or being absorbed by the finished three dimensional article.

A method comprising the steps of: distributing a titanium alloy or pure titanium powder layer on a work table inside a vacuum chamber, directing at least one electron beam from at least one electron beam source over the work table causing the powder layer to fuse in selected locations, distributing a second powder layer on the work table of a titanium alloy or pure titanium inside the build chamber, directing the at least one electron beam over the work table causing the second powder layer to fuse in selected locations, and releasing a predefined concentration of the gas from the metal powder into the vacuum chamber when at least one of heating or fusing the metal powder layer, wherein at least one gas comprising hydrogen is absorbed into or chemically bonded to the titanium or titanium alloy powder to a concentration of 0.01-0.5% by weight of the hydrogen.

A thruster (1) has a main chamber (6) defined within a tube (2). The tube has a longitudinal axis which defines an axis (4) of thrust; an injector (8) injects ionizable gas within the tube, at one end of the main chamber. An ionizer (124) is adapted to ionize the injected gas within the main chamber (6). A first magnetic field generator (12, 14) and an electromagnetic field generator (18) are adapted to generate a magnetized ponderomotive accelerating field downstream of said ionizer (124) along the direction of thrust on said axis (4), The thruster (1) ionizes the gas, and subsequently accelerates both electrons and ions by the magnetized ponderomotive force.

Reagents and methods are disclosed for detection of oxidizers and inorganic salts and other analytes of interest. The reagents can interact with their target analytes, especially oxidizer compositions or oxidizer-based explosives, to selectively enhance their ionization yield, interacting by chemical reaction or by forming an associative adduct which facilitates their detection. For example, the reagents can adduct with the counter-ion of the intended analyte for improved direct detection and / or react chemically via acid-base reactions to produce a new product for detection. In another aspect of the invention, reactive reagents and methods are also disclosed that facilitate indirect detection of the analyte at lower temperatures based on reduction-oxidation (redox) chemistry. These reagents are particularly useful in detecting oxidizer analytes.

Compositions and related methods for detecting leaks in HVAC / R components such as furnaces, portable gas heaters, swimming pool heaters, air conditioners, heat pumps, refrigerators, freezers, and other closed loop vapor compression systems, as well as heat exchangers. These compositions provide more sensitive detection of leaks in inaccessible areas of furnaces using low ODP and non-flammable compounds classified as hydrofluorochloro-ethers (HFCE's), hydrobromochlorofluoro-alkenes (HBCFA's) hydrofluoro-ethers (HFE's), and halogenated compounds which are either alkanes, alcohols, diones, acetates, ketones (e.g., butanones, pentanones), esters (e.g., propanoates), anhydrides, cycloalkanes (cycloparaffins), cycloalkenes (cycloolefins), heterocyclics (e.g., furans), and aromatics.

The invention belongs to the technical field of plasma, and provides a plasma jet device with a suspension electrode. The plasma jet device comprises a medium pipe, an air port, the suspension electrode, a supporting structure, a high-voltage electrode and a work power supply, wherein two ends of the medium pipe are open, the air port is sleeved at the inlet end of the medium pipe, the suspension electrode is suspended inside the medium pipe, the supporting structure is used for supporting the suspension electrode, the high-voltage electrode is wrapped at the outlet end of the medium pipe, and the work power supply is connected with the high-voltage electrode. When the plasma jet device works, work air flows into the plasma jet device through the air port and flows out through the outlet end of the medium pipe, and the plasma jet with high-density active particles is generated. According to the plasma jet device, the conical degree of the head of a needle electrode is high, a strong electric field can be formed, ionization occurs more easily, and therefore breakdown voltage can be effectively reduced, and the active particles can be ionized more easily. The problem that the active particles in the prior art are low in density is resolved, the area of the cross section of the plasma can also be enlarged, and therefore the processing area can be enlarged in material processing and biological application.

In an EUV light source apparatus, a collector mirror is protected from debris damaging a mirror coating. The EUV light source apparatus includes: a chamber in which extreme ultraviolet light is generated; a target supply unit for supplying a target material into the chamber; a plasma generation laser unit for irradiating the target material within the chamber with a plasma generation laser beam to generate plasma; an ionization laser unit for irradiating neutral particles produced at plasma generation with an ionization laser beam to convert the neutral particles into ions; a collector mirror for collecting the extreme ultraviolet light radiated from the plasma; and a magnetic field or electric field forming unit for forming a magnetic field or an electric field within the chamber so as to trap the ions.

The use of volatilization reagents is disclosed for improved detection of inorganic oxidizers such as, but not limited to, chlorates and perchlorates. Detection methods are disclosed whereby a reagent can transfer a proton to the anion (i.e., chlorate, perchlorate, etc.) of an inorganic salt analyte, forming an acid (i.e., chloric acid, perchloric acid) that is easier to detect by a mechanism whereby the acidified reagent is more easily vaporized, and hence, more easily detected. Concurrently, the anion of the acid forms a new salt with the cation released from the salt that was acidified. The reagents can also include acidic salts or cation-donators, more generally. In some embodiments, hydrated reagents or co-reagents that can release water can be employed. In another aspect of the invention, a class of reagents including polmeric acids, polymeric organic acids and polymeric sulfonic acids are disclosed that can carry out this method. In various embodiments, these reagents can be embedded in a swipe or other substrate, delivered as a liquid infused via nebulizer, or otherwise introduced to a sample to be tested for the presence of a target analyte.

A lens array (7) has a plurality of frusto-spherical convex lenses (14, 15), formed in an optical entry surface (8) and an optical exit surface (9), focusing light rays (18, 19) near the center between each lens pair (14a, 15a) in an area (20) where the laser energy is focused sufficiently to induce vaporization resulting in aerosol breakdown which will absorb 99% or more of the laser energy, and thereby protect high gains optical equipment or eyes from optical damage.

A simple and efficient method of preparing a sample in the measurement according to matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) capable of inhibiting any ion suppression by impurities, such as inorganic salts and surfactants, contained in the sample. An analyte and matrix molecules are co-crystallized in the presence of porous microparticles. Preferably, this co-crystallization is carried out by bringing the analyte, matrix molecules and porous microparticles into contact with each other on a target plate and thereafter drying the mixture. The porous microparticles consist of an ion exchanger having an average particle diameter of not more than 50 μm, preferably a strongly basic anion exchanger.

The invention relates to the acquisition of mass spectra of complex protein mixtures, often called protein profiles, for example to search for biomarkers which indicate stress situations, or to identify microbes. Up to now protein profiles have been acquired using ionization by matrix-assisted laser desorption with high detection sensitivity in linear time-of-flight mass spectrometers, but these display very poor mass resolution and a very poor reproducibility of the mass values. The invention provides methods which produce surprisingly similar mass spectra, but with far higher mass resolution and mass accuracy. Ionization takes place outside the vacuum at ambient pressure, preferably by means of laser desorption and CI post-ionization. Analysis of the ions takes place in a high-resolution mass spectrometer, for example a reflector time-of-flight mass spectrometer with orthogonal ion injection.

The invention relates to the acquisition of mass spectra of complex protein mixtures, often called protein profiles, for example to search for biomarkers which indicate stress situations, or to identify microbes. Up to now protein profiles have been acquired using ionization by matrix-assisted laser desorption with high detection sensitivity in linear time-of-flight mass spectrometers, but these display very poor mass resolution and a very poor reproducibility of the mass values. The invention provides methods which produce surprisingly similar mass spectra, but with far higher mass resolution and mass accuracy. Ionization takes place outside the vacuum at ambient pressure, preferably by means of laser desorption and CI post-ionization. Analysis of the ions takes place in a high-resolution mass spectrometer, for example a reflector time-of-flight mass spectrometer with orthogonal ion injection.

The invention discloses a multi-channel optical imaging laser ionization source. The ionization source comprises a light source, a light permeating substrate and an optical detection system. The light permeating substrate is arranged on a light path of the optical detection system. A laser emitted by the light source is reflected by a reflecting mirror to form reflected light, and the reflected light is focused through a focus objective lens and then irradiates the light permeating substrate. Under the premises that sampling time is not prolonged and the character of a sample is changed, the multi-channel optical imaging laser ionization source can be used in a vacuum environment and meanwhile can carry out ionization under the atmosphere or sub-vacuum condition, and accordingly the using range of the ionization source is enlarged. By means of a matrix, the sample can be ionized more easily through the excitation of the light source, and accordingly better sensitivity and a better resolution ratio can be obtained. Due to the fact that the light source irradiates from the back face of the substrate, the sample can be ionized by utilizing a small laser spot, and therefore the method has the ultrahigh space resolution ratio.

A water treatment method by catalyzing ozone with a persulfate comprises the following steps: introducing the ozone into an ozone contact reactor filled with water to be treated; at the same time putting the persulfate into the reactor, wherein a stirring state is kept in the water treatment process. The method solves the problems of difficulty in the ionization of hydrogen peroxide, low capability in inducing the decomposition of the ozone, high hydrogen peroxide residues and inconvenience of hydrogen peroxide transportation and storage existing in the conventional water treatment method for catalyzing the ozone by using the hydrogen peroxide. Hydroxyl radicals and sulfate free radicals with strong oxidizing properties, which are generated by catalyzing ozone with the persulfate, are oxidized to remove pollution, so that the method has the advantages of high catalytic capability, high oxidative degradation efficiency, wide pH application range, a small amount of catalyst residues, convenience of operation and the like, and can be applied in mass production.

A biological sample solution is ionized by electrospray and the sample solution is irradiated with an infrared laser beam to dissociate biological macromolecules into the constituents thereof. As a result, only non-covalent bonds of the biological macromolecules can be selectively severed and analyzed.

The invention discloses a surface coupling induced ionization technology, which comprises any one of the following steps of: (1) feeding a first beam of electromagnetic wave into a material through afree space or a waveguide to excite a surface plasma wave; introducing target molecules to be ionized into the surface of the material, coupling electrons of the target molecules with surface plasmonpolaritons on the material by controlling interaction, and inducing the target molecules to be ionized; (2) synchronously passing through a free space or a waveguide, and then feeding a second beam and subsequent electromagnetic waves into an ionization region of target molecules on the surface of the material, so that the ionized target molecules are absorbed, and the ionization degree of the target molecules is improved; and (3) releasing the target molecules in the form of bulk phase plasmas to realize surface coupling induced ionization. The invention also discloses a plasma device.

A sulfonated poly aryl ether with sulfonic group on naphthalene ring of side chain and preparation thereof, which is capable to solve technical problems of complexity in synthesis, hardness in controlling sulphonation position and degree, high possibility of side reaction in sulphonation, complexity in sulphonation and hardness to realize indutrialzation. The introduces binaphthyl bisphenol monomer on side-chain benzene ring of sulfonic group on molecular level, prepares sulfonated poly aryl ether with sulfonic group only on naphthalene ring of side chain, so that ensures chemical stability of main chain with high molecular weight, while having no influence on mechanical property thereof. Because of existence of conjugate benzene ring on side-chain of polymer material, sulfonic group has little impact on the main chain after introduction of sulfonic group, thus stability of the main chain is improved. The sulfonic group is linked to conjugate benzene ring, which make it easier to ionize to release hydrogen proton, so that proton exchange membrane produced from the material exhibits a good electricity conductivity. The electricity conductivity thereof is comparable to Nafion membrane.

The invention provides alkaline copper plating solution taking amino methylene diphosphonic acid as main coordinating agent, relating to the field of non-cyanide plating. Plating solution is composed of the following components: amino methylene diphosphonic acid (AMDP) with the concentration of 30-120g / L, Cu2+ with the concentration of 3-25g / L, CO32- with the concentration of 10-80g / L and sodium hydroxide of potassium hydroxide used for regulating pH value of solution to be 7.5-13.5. The invention has the advantages that formula of plating solution is simple, no cyanide pollution is produced, covering power is high, cathode current efficiency is high, concentration polarization produced in plating process is small, allowable current density range is wide, copper plating can be directly carried out on ferric matrix, zinc or zinc alloy matrix and zinc dipped aluminium material, and copper coating having excellent bonding force with matrix is obtained.

The present invention provides a doping technique that forms a stable amorphous silicon film and a stable polycrystalline silicon film at a low temperature and simultaneously that imparts conductivity in an atmospheric pressure environment. A method for producing a compound containing a bond between different elements belonging to Group 4 to Group 15 of the periodic table, the method included: applying, at a low frequency and atmospheric pressure, high voltage to an inside of an electric discharge tube obtained by attaching high-voltage electrodes to a metal tube or an insulator tube or between flat plate electrodes while passing an introduction gas, so as to convert molecules present in the electric discharge tube or between the flat plate electrodes into a plasma; and applying the plasma to substances to be irradiated, the substances to be irradiated being two or more elementary substances or compounds.

The invention provides an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma sterilization device. The device comprises sensors (a temperature sensor, an air pressure sensor and a wind power sensor), an analysis circuit, a power supply control circuit, a plasma generation device and the like. The device adopts the principles of dielectric barrier discharge, preionization and self-inductance, so that the needed power supply voltage can be effectively reduced, the device volume is decreased, and the actual use of the sterilization device is convenient. And above all, breakdown voltage is reduced to more easily ionize gas, that is, plasma is more easily generated under the atmospheric condition, so that the density of the plasma is increased, and the sterilization efficiency of the device is improved. As thin needle tubing is adopted, the jet speed of the plasma is quickened, and the sterilization range of the plasma sterilization device is improved. In addition, the appearance design is more humanized, so that more convenience is brought to the actual operation; and for materials, heat-resistant and insulative engineering plastics with antibacterial effect after the plasma injection treatment are adopted.

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted online reforming catalysis and hydrogen production device which comprises a reaction cavity, a microwave power tube, a microwave plasma reaction tube, a catalyst and an ignition discharge device, wherein the microwave power tube is arranged in the reaction cavity, and microwave electric fields are formed in the reaction cavity; the microwave plasma reaction tube is arranged in the reaction cavity, and is hollow, a gas inlet end opening and a gas outlet end opening are formed in the microwave plasma reaction tube, and the gas inlet end opening and the gas outlet end opening get out to the outer part of the reaction cavity from the reaction cavity; the catalyst is arranged in the microwave plasma reaction tube, and comprises a plurality of spherical catalyst particles which are connected together through metal wires in a penetrating mode; and the ignition discharge device is inserted into the microwave plasma reaction tube, and can discharge under action of the microwave electric fields, so that mixed combustible gas in the microwave plasma reaction tube is broken down. According to the vehicle-mounted online reforming catalysis and hydrogen production device disclosed by the invention, the yield of hydrogen-rich gas is increased, and economical efficiency of the whole device further can be improved.

The cyanide-free gold-plating solution includes non-water solvent, gold source and support electrolyte, and features the non-water solvent of DMSO, DMF or PC; gold source of AuPPh3X, where X is Cl, Br, I or acac; and the support electrolyte of inorganic or organic ammonium salt soluble in the non-water solvent, with the inorganic ammonium salt being NH4X, where X is Cl, Br or I, and the organic ammonium salt being R4NX, where R is C2H5 or n-C4H9 and X is Cl, Br or I. The present invention features the green gold-plating solution, expanded gold source owing to the non-water solvent and the spherical crystallized coating structure with excellent performance.

A sulfonated polyarylether containing conjugated structure and its intermediate are disclosed. Its preparing process includes such steps as mixing diphenol monomer, difluoro monomer and anhydrous potassium carbonate in non-protonic polar solvent, reaction to obtain its intermediate, dissolving it in polar solvent, dripping the solution of chlorosulfonic acid, and reaction. Its advantages are high resistance to high temp and creep, strength, toughness, stability, hydroscopicity and proton exchange capacity.

The invention discloses a fresh keeping box which comprises a box body, a circuit case arranged in the box body, and a plurality of partition plates arranged horizontally. The fresh keeping box is characterized in that the circuit case is internally provided with a fresh keeping circuit and a power supply circuit; a plurality of vent holes are formed in the partition plates; a fan connected with the power supply circuit is arranged in a position, close to the box body, of each partition plate; and the fresh keeping circuit comprises a second transformer, a rectification and voltage stabilizing circuit, a multivibrator, an ultrasonic frequency oscillator, a first transformer and a plate electrode that are sequentially connected with an alternating current source supplied by commercial power. The fresh keeping box adopts ozone for fresh keeping.

Reagents and methods are disclosed for detection of oxidizers and inorganic salts and other analytes of interest. The reagents can interact with their target analytes, especially oxidizer compositions or oxidizer-based explosives, to selectively enhance their ionization yield, interacting by chemical reaction or by forming an associative adduct which facilitates their detection. For example, the reagents can adduct with the counter-ion of the intended analyte for improved direct detection and / or react chemically via acid-base reactions to produce a new product for detection. In another aspect of the invention, reactive reagents and methods are also disclosed that facilitate indirect detection of the analyte at lower temperatures based on reduction-oxidation (redox) chemistry. These reagents are particularly useful in detecting oxidizer analytes.

The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and relates to a high-tensile-strength stainless steel electrode with a complex alloy coating and a preparation method of the high-tensile-strength stainless steel electrode with the complex alloy coating. The stainless steel electrode has the high butt joint tensile strength and is formed by a welding stick and the coating, the welding stick is wrapped by the coating, sodium water glass and potash water glass serve as binding materials, and the coating is bonded to the periphery of the welding stick. The preparation method is simple in process, low in production cost and suitable for industrial production.

The invention discloses an efficient concrete water-reducing agent and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of concrete additives. Acrylic acid is used as a raw material, and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether is added. Through an esterification reaction, a macromonomer is obtained; and citric acid is added for modification to reduce formation of calcium silicate hydrated gel so as to obtain higher water-reducing rate. L-aspartic acid is used as a raw material, and carboxyl anions are formed. Then, the water-reducing agent still can be greatly dispersed under thecondition of hard water to play a water-reducing effect. By introducing triethanolamine, solubility of concrete particle surface is raised, and water-reducing efficiency is enhanced. Problems of existing water-reducing agents, such as poor hard water resistance and low water-reducing efficiency are solved.

The invention discloses a fluorine removal device and process for fluorine-containing wastewater, belongs to the technical field of industrial wastewater treatment, and solves the problem that: in the prior art, fluorine removal processes and fluorine removal devices used by the processes for fluorine-containing wastewater easily cause other ions to exceed the standard. The device comprises a buffer tank, the buffer tank is connected to a wastewater pump, the wastewater pump is connected with a first-stage reaction tank, the first-stage reaction tank is connected with a second-stage reaction tank, the second-stage reaction tank is connected with a third-stage reaction tank, the third-stage reaction tank is connected with a settling tank, the bottom of the settling tank is connected with a sludge pump, the settling tank is further connected with a dispensing tank, the dispensing tank is connected with a calcium salt lifting pump, and the calcium salt lifting pump is connected with the first-stage reaction tank. The device is used for safe and low-cost fluorine removal of the fluorine-containing wastewater, the cost is reduced by using the calcium sulfate, and chloride ions are prevented from exceeding the standard.

Compounds of formula (IIa):are provided where:X is a group capable of being cleaved from the α-carbon atom to form an ion of formula (I′)C is a carbon atom bearing a single positive charge or a single negative charge;The invention further provides compounds of formula (IIb):where:X is a counter-ion to C.The compounds of formula (IIa) and (IIb) may form ions of formula (I′) by either cleaving the C—X bond between X and the α-carbon atoms in the case of the compounds of formula (IIa) or dissociating X in the case of compounds of formula (IIb).