1163 results about "Biomass carbon" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for preparing fewer-layer graphene on the basis of biomass waste, which comprises the following steps: carrying out hydrothermal treatment on the biomass waste, and carrying out carbonization by heating and calcination, thereby obtaining a carbonization material; immersing the carbonization material in an acid solution to remove impurities, thereby obtaining biomass carbon; and quickly heating the biomass carbon in an argon atmosphere, and carrying out high-temperature graphitization to obtain the biomass fewer-layer graphene. The hydrothermal process is combined with the high-temperature graphitization to directly strip the biomass waste, and the carbonization and high-temperature graphitization are carried out. Thus, the prepared biomass fewer-layer graphene has the advantages of fewer layers (2-10 layers), fewer defects, fewer oxy groups, high electric conductivity and small carbon layer interval. The method is simple to operate, has the advantages of low cost and high graphene yield, and can easily implement industrialized large-scale production. The prepared biomass fewer-layer graphene can be used in the fields of lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors and the like, is beneficial to green production of battery industry, and has important practical value and favorable application prospects.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a functional organic fertilizer for soil restoration. The method comprises the following steps: mixing crushed straws with blue-green algae according to the mass ratio of (1-5):10 to obtain a mixture, and then adding a biomass-transformed complex microbial inoculant and a biomass-transformed inductive material to the mixture; evenly mixing and then carrying out conventional stacking fermentation for 5-15 days, so as to obtain a semi-solid organic fertilizer; and mixing and pelletizing the semi-solid organic fertilizer, clay, biomass carbon ash and a heavy metal ion chelating agent according to the ratio of 1000:(50-200):(50-150):(1-5), so as to obtain the functional organic fertilizer for soil restoration. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention has a persistent slow-release fertilizer effect, and can adsorb, chelate and immobilize the heavy metal ions in a deactivation manner, soil fleeciness is facilitated, the moisture retention and the breathability are improved, rooting of plants is facilitated, formation of beneficial components of soil microelements and the like is optimized, the heavy metal-polluted soil is effectively restored, and secondary pollution of the soil is not caused.

The invention relates to a method for preparing biomass carbon by utilizing agricultural and forestry waste, belonging to the technical fields of preparation of carbon materials and utilization of biomass resources. The method comprises the following steps of: adopting agricultural and forestry waste as raw materials; under the condition of subcritical water, fully mixing dried biomass materials and deionized water according to the proportion of 1:(10-30); under the protection of inert atmosphere, carbonizing for 2-6 hours at the temperature of 220-250 DEG C; and then carrying out vacuum filtration and hot-water cleaning, and drying to obtain the biomass carbon. The biomass carbon prepared by the invention is coaly carbon material with an aromatic-ring structure, is high in carbon content and calorific value and large in specific surface area, and can be used as a soil conditioner or an absorbent. The method has the advantages that the materials are low in cost and easy to obtain, the process is simple, the operation is convenient, the manufacturing cost is low, the industrial promotion is convenient, and the application range and the application value of biomass resources are further expanded in the aspect of carbon materials.

The invention discloses a low temperature hydrothermal preparation method of alkali catalysis or Lewis acid / proton acid catalysis biomass. The method is as below: adding a certain amount of biomass, deionized water and a proper amount of alkali or Lewis acid / protonic acid into carbide carbon of biomass to a teflon inner liner, stirring to dissolve soluble biomass, filling into a stainless steel reaction kettle, and placing in an oven and reacting for a while at preset temperature, and reacting insoluble biomass in a device equipped with a heating sleeve and a thermostat magnetic stirrer under the preset temperature, wherein the reaction conditions are as below: temperature of 110-160 DEG C (preferably 120-140 DEG C) and reaction time of 6-72 h (preferably 12-36 h); naturally cooling to room temperature, conducting high speed centrifugal separation, and re-dispersing and repeatedly washing the obtained solid with deionized water and 95% ethanol to obtain a colorless supernatant, and drying to obtain carbon microsphere / nanosphere. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of low hydrothermal carbonation temperature and high carbon production rate of the biomass, and is applicable to large-scale industrial production; and the product can be used as a catalyst carrier or adsorbent.

The invention discloses a co-production system and a co-production method for biomass carbon, gas, wood tar and wood vinegar. The co-production system comprises a biomass dry distillation kettle, a high-temperature heating furnace, a water cooling device, a washing device, a liquid separation device, a gas storage tank, a water-ring vacuum pump, a compressor, wood tar storage tank and a wood vinegar storage tank, wherein the liquid separation device separates wood vinegar and wood tar in the mixed liquid obtained by gas-liquid separation of the water cooling device; the co-production method comprises the following steps: 1, charging; 2, high-temperature carbonization: water cooling and gas-liquid separation, washing, gas storage and separation and storage of liquid matters; and 3, obtaining of the biomass carbon after the high-temperature carbonization. The co-production system for the biomass carbon, gas, wood tar and wood vinegar has the advantages of reasonable design, convenient processing, simple mounting arrangement, easy operation and good effect; and the co-production method has the advantages of convenient realization, high yield, low cost, fast co-production and relatively high production purity and has obvious economic and social benefits and wide popularization and application prospect.

The invention provides a preparation method of a biomass carbon composite material for removing phosphorus in wastewater. The preparation method comprises the steps of adding waste biomass into a metal salt solution to stir and mix evenly, then adding an alkali solution to continuously stir for 30-120 minutes, then performing hydrothermal carbonization, cooling a product to room temperature after reaction is ended, filtering, washing unreacted substances on the surface by using water and/or ethyl alcohol, then drying to constant weight at a temperature of 60-120 DEG C and sieving through a sieve with 40-180 meshes to obtain the biomass carbon composite material. According to the preparation method, the waste biomass serves as the raw material, so that the preparation method is low in cost; due to the adoption of hydrothermal carbonization, the preparation method is warm in reaction condition and simple in whole preparation process; and the prepared biomass carbon composite material is good in stability and efficient in phosphorus removal effect.

The invention discloses a preparation method of porous carbon and a product thereof. The preparation process of the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a biomass carbon source, a structure-directing agent and water to obtain mixed liquor; carrying out a hydrothermal reaction; cooling, washing, drying and calcining to obtain the porous carbon, wherein the mass ratio of the structure-directing agent to the biomass carbon source is 1:5000-1:50; the structural guiding agent is ionic polyelectrolyte. The invention further discloses porous carbon prepared by using the method. The particle diameter of the porous carbon is 50-100 nanometers, the BET specific surface area is 1000-2000m<2>/g, the BJH beverage aperture is 2-10 nanometers, the pore volume is 0.8-1.2cm<3>/g, and meso pores account for 50-70 percent of the total pore volume. A super capacitor manufactured by taking the porous carbon as an electrode material has the advantages of high activity, low resistance and large specific capacitance, and the maximum specific capacitance value can be up to 223F/g.

The invention discloses a resource utilization method of livestock and poultry breeding wastes. The method comprises the following steps of carrying out solid-liquid separation on livestock and poultry breeding wastes to obtain solid manures and breeding wastewater, composting solid manures at a high temperature and carbonizing to prepare biomass carbon and carrying out biogas fermentation on the breeding wastewater and concentrating to obtain a liquid fertilizer. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, livestock and poultry breeding wastes are subjected to optimal utilization in form of material and energy to obtain biomass carbon and the concentrated liquid fertilizer capable of being applied to the agricultural production and thus the resource utilization of wastes is achieved, and the recycling of resources can be realized inside a livestock and poultry breeding wastes treatment region to achieve the purposes of reducing energy consumption and pollutant emission.

The invention provides a preparation method of N-P-codoping porous biomass carbon catalyst. Cheap and easy-to-get biomass chitosan is taken as carbon source and nitrogen source (as nitrogen-containing ligand at the same time), organic phosphorus compound triphenylphosphine is taken as phosphorus-containing ligand, the nitrogen-containing ligand and the phosphorus-containing ligand form a coordination compound together with metal ions in metallic salt solution, ZnCl2 is taken as activating agent, the coordination compound is subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to form holes, and finally diluted hydrochloric acid is used to remove metals for secondary hole formation, so as to prepare the N-P-codoping porous biomass carbon catalyst with rich micropores and a mesopores structure as well as a high specific surface area. The N-P-codoping porous biomass carbon catalyst is comparable to commercial Pt/C (20%) in catalytic performance in an alkaline environment, has good methanol poisoning resistance and stability, and can regulate components and performance of catalyst in molecular level. The N-P-codoping porous biomass carbon catalyst disclosed by the invention is expected to replace cathode oxygen reduction catalyst of the commercial Pt/C, and has a very good industrial application prospect.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a biomass carbon-based composite energy storage material by utilizing plant fiber. Natural plant fiber such as straws, sawdust and cotton is subjected to mechanical pulverization and ultrasonication, and then conducts hydrothermal reaction with metal salt at 150-350 DEG C for 10-72 hours under an alkaline condition to synthesize in one step; or the plant fiber is subjected to hydrothermal carbonization in advance; then biomass carbon reacts with the corresponding metal salt, including the hydrothermal reaction; and the biomass carbon-based metal oxide and hydroxide composite material is synthesized in two steps. The electrochemical energy storage performance of the biomass carbon-based composite material prepared by the method is significantly improved compared with corresponding pure metal oxide and hydroxide.

The invention discloses a method for directly preparing a co-doping three-dimensional graphene electrode material through biomass carbon sources. The method mainly includes the steps that biomass such as eggshells of artemia cysts, bean pulp and shrimp shells are used as the carbon sources, red phosphorus or boric acid is added to serve as a stripping agent, metal nickel salt is added to serve as a catalyst, and oxygen-nitrogen-phosphor multi-atom co-doping three-dimensional porous graphene is synthesized in a roasted mode at the temperature of 700 DEG C to 900 DEG C under argon atmosphere; the obtained graphene is ground into powder, the graphene, acetylene black and PTFE are ultrasonically dispersed into absolute ethyl alcohol in the mass ratio of 85:10:5, the mixture is dried at the temperature of 80 DEG C to be pasty, 0.5 mg to 5 mg of the mixture is taken and evenly smeared on 1*1-cm foam nickel, vacuum drying is carried out at the temperature of 120 DEG C for 12 h, plate pressing is carried out at the pressure of 12 MPa, and an electrode plate is obtained. According to the method, the source of the required raw materials is wide, the price is low, devices are simple, repeatability is good, and low-cost large-scale industrial production can be achieved easily; the prepared graphene electrode material has the advantages of being good in electrochemical activity, large in specific area, not prone to repeated accumulation and the like; the broad application prospects are achieved in the aspects such as electrode materials and catalyst carriers of supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a combined carbonization furnace which utilizes agricultural and forestry residue biomass particles to produce biomass carbon particles, and a carbonizing method thereof. The carbonization furnace contains a furnace body, a top cover, a burner, a swing door, a transverse exhaust pipe and a longitudinal exhaust pipe, wherein each component adopts the split-type design and the components are combined for use. The invention also provides a method which uses agricultural and forestry residue biomass as raw material and adopts the carbonization furnace to prepare biochar. The method comprises the following steps: selecting materials, processing the materials, assembling the furnace body, igniting the materials, filling the materials in the furnace, closing the cover, banking, etc. The agricultural and forestry residue biomass refers to corn stalks, corn cobs, peanut hulls, rice hulls, straws, waste edible mushroom medium for production or other wastes.

The invention relates to a method for producing biomass dry distillation carbon and biomass fuel gas and a rapid pyrolysis carbonized oven, materials of biomass straw, and tree branches, etc. are utilized to be added into the oven through a material filling pipe mouth, after the over is filled with the materials, an air inlet pipe mouth arranged at the bottom part of a gasification reaction chamber in the oven is opened, a negative pressure Roots blower fan arranged outside the oven is started, a oven door arranged at the lower part of the gasification reaction chamber is opened, the oven door is closed after gasification materials filled at the lower part of the gasification reaction chamber are ignited, generated combustible gas in the gasification reaction chamber is sucked to be diffused in a dry distillation carbonized chamber arranged on the periphery of the gasification reaction chamber through a fuel gas diffusing opening arranged at the upper part of a gasification chamber, thus carbonized materials are retorted into biomass carbon, simultaneously after methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and hydrocarbon ChHmm in volatile component are released to be mixed with the flue gas generated in the gasification reaction chamber, the heat value of the flue gas is as high as about 6000 kJ/m3, after the purification and the treatment, the flue gas is the clean, inexpensive, and good quality biomass flue gas used for a flue gas electric generator group to generate power or provided for the burning of town dweller.

The invention discloses a biomass carbon-based material high-load nano-metal catalyst, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst is prepared by soaking shaddock peel powderin a nitrate solution having a certain concentration, drying and calcining, metal simple component serves as the active component, and organic carbon serves as the carrier; the nitrate is ferric nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate or copper nitrate; and the metal simple component is iron, cobalt, nickel or copper. The catalyst has the characteristics of environment-friendly raw materials, simple preparation process and high hydrogenation selectivity, has a good effect when being applied to a hydrogenation reaction of biomass derivatives, for instance, the furfuryl alcohol yield at a relatively low temperature of 170 DEG C can be 98,9 percent when the furfuryl alcohol is prepared by a furfuryl alcohol selective hydrogenation reaction.

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation, regeneration or reactivation, and discloses a biomass carbon fiber/layered double metal hydroxide adsorption material for phosphorus removal. The material is composed of biomass carbon fiber and layered double metal hydroxide, the layered double metal hydroxide grows on the surface of the biomass carbon fiber in a crescent sheet shape, and the biomass carbon fiber is prepared by using the steps of: extracting cellulose from biomass, and then performing carbonization, wherein the biomass carbon fiber has a length of 50-1500 mum and adiameter of 5-20 mum, and the layered double metal hydroxide is two-dimensional sheet-shaped copper-aluminum bimetallic hydrotalcite hydroxide which has a sheet thickness of 100 nm-1 mum and a copper-aluminum molar ratio of (2:1)-(4:1). The material has a simple and controllable preparation process, and the adsorption performance is improved through a double adsorption effect of the biomass carbonfiber/LDH, so that the purpose of efficient and rapid removal is achieved, the removal rate is up to 99.5%; therefore, reliable theory and actual support are provided for practical application.

The invention discloses a biomass carbon-loaded nano zero-valent iron material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method concretely comprises the following steps: adding walnut shell biomass carbon into an FeCl3.6H2O solution, mixing for 20-30 hours at the room temperature, then dropwise adding an NaBH4 solution into the mixture under the protection of inert atmosphere, and continuously stirring for 0.5-1 hour after adding; finally, carrying out suction filtration, taking filter residue, washing and drying to obtain the biomass carbon-loaded nano zero-valent iron material. The preparation method is simple; in the material obtained by the method, zero-valent iron particles are small in particle sizes, even in distribution and can not easily agglomerate, so that the biomass carbon-loaded nano zero-valent iron material can be applied to repairing pollutants such as organic matters and heavy metal in underground water and soil.

The invention provides a preparation method of an ethylenediamine grafted modified biomass carbon composite material for selectively fixing metal mercury (II), chromium (III) and lead (II) in soil, aiming at solving the actual problems that an existing passivant has small adsorption capacity on heavy metal of the soil, low selectivity and bad safety. The novel multi-amino biomass carbon composite material agent takes common substances including agricultural straw biomass, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ethylenediamine and the like as raw materials and is prepared through carbonization, carboxylation and molecule copolycondensation, and has abundant pore channels and abundant content of surface multi-amino groups; and the product has large fixed capacity and good selectivity on mercury (II), chromium (III) and lead (II) in the heavy metal polluted soil, has the advantages of simple process, easiness for implementation and the like, and can be produced in a large batch.

The invention discloses a method for preparing organic cellulose acid ester by solid acid catalysts, relating to the technical field for preparing organic cellulose acid ester. In the invention, the organic cellulose acid ester refers to cellulose formic acid, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose acetate propionate butyrate. Three solid acids, namely, SO42-/MxOy solid acid, biomass carbon-based solid acid, phosphorus-aluminum molecular sieve solid acid; the organic acid is used as solvent and the organic acid anhydride is used as esterifying agent; the using amount of the catalyst is 0.01-5% of the reaction liquid; the organic cellulose acid ester is prepared under the conditions that the reaction temperature is 15-90 DEG C and the reaction time is 0.5-72 h. The method adopts the novel environment-friendly solid acid catalyst; the obtained product has good quality; the catalyst is easy to separate, recover and recycle; no device corrosion exists and the environment is protected.

The invention discloses a Fe/C composite porous structure material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The Fe/C composite porous structure material is characterized by being prepared from low-grade sedimentary iron ore and biomass as raw materials in manners of crushing, mixing, extrusion molding and pyrolysis and reduction reaction in the presence of hydrogen atmosphere at 650-900 DEG C, wherein the main phase composition comprises biomass carbon and zero-valent iron. The Fe/C composite porous structure material disclosed by the invention is high in opening porosity, magnetic susceptibility, adsorbability and biological chemical activity, can be used for treating eutrophicated river water, living sewage and landscape water bodies, or can be used for mediation of underground water pollution and polluted soil.