5288 results about "Biochar" patented technology

The invention provides for methods, devices, and systems for pyrolyzing biomass. A pyrolysis unit can be used for the pyrolysis of biomass to form gas, liquid, and solid products. The biomass materials can be selected such that an enhanced biochar is formed after pyrolysis. The biomass can be pyrolyzed under specified conditions such that a selected biochar core is formed. The pyrolysis process can form a stable biochar core that is inert and/or resistant to degradation. The biochar or biochar core can be functionalized to form a functionalized biochar or functionalized biochar core. Functionalization can include post-pyrolysis treatments such as supplementation with microbes or physical transformations including annealing and/or activation.

Methods, process, apparatus, equipment, and systems are disclosed for converting biomass into bio-oil fractions for chemicals, materials, feedstocks and fuels using a low-cost, integrated fast pyrolysis system. The system improves upon prior art by creating stable, bio-oil fractions which have unique properties that make them individually superior to conventional bio-oil. The invention enables water and low-molecular weight compounds to be separated into a final value-added fraction suitable for upgrading or extracting into value-added chemicals, fuels and water. Initial bio-oil fractions from the process are chemically distinct, have low-water content and acidity which reduces processing costs normally associated with conventional bio-oil post-production upgrading since fewer separation steps, milder processing conditions and lower auxiliary inputs are required. Biochar is stabilized so that it can be handled safely. The integrated fast pyrolysis process includes biomass storage, preparation, pretreatment, and conversion, product recovery and processing to create and store stable biochar and bio-oil fractions.

The invention discloses a method for preparing magnetic biological carbon adsorbing material and the usage thereof. The method comprises the steps: 1) drying and crushing waste biomass, and sieving by20-100 meshes; 2) putting the sieved biomass into 0.1-0.5mol/L of iron salt solution with the weight percent of the biomass being 1-10% of the total quantity; under stirring, dripping 3-6mol/L of NaOH solution until the pH value of the solution is 9-10; 3) filtering, drying and compacting the solid precipitate, and then limiting oxygen carbonizing for 1-5h at the temperature of 100-700 DEG C, thus obtaining the magnetic biological carbon adsorbing material; 4) putting the magnetic biological carbon adsorbing material into waste water, and simultaneously removing organic pollutant and phosphate radical in the waste water. The method realizes synchronization of preparation of the adsorbing material and the process of magnetization, and is simple in preparation process, rich in the source ofthe biomass material and low in cost; furthermore, the prepared magnetic adsorbent is covered by biological carbon or embedded with magnetic nano Fe3O4 granules, has special structure and stable existence, can effectively remove the organic pollutant and phosphate in the waste water, and is easy for magnetic separation.

A composition is provided that includes particulates from wood, chaff, hulls, crop compost, biochar, or waste residue, wood or crop ash and biochar, and a nitrogen source from waste residue from gasification processes, food processing waste water or other residual by-products of forest, aquatic, food or feed processing. Ideally, all of the components are environmentally friendly, from natural products, and free of manufactured chemicals.

The invention is directed to a method for producing an oxygenated biochar material possessing a cation-exchanging property, wherein a biochar source is reacted with one or more oxygenating compounds in such a manner that the biochar source homogeneously acquires oxygen-containing cation-exchanging groups in an incomplete combustion process. The invention is also directed to oxygenated biochar compositions and soil formulations containing the oxygenated biochar material.

The invention relates to a biochar-containing composition comprising biochar having organic matter therein and/or thereon, clay associated, optionally intercalated, with the organic matter, a non-clay mineral and optionally also a plant growth promoter.

The invention discloses an environmentally friendly biochar-based fertilizer and an application method thereof. The preparation of the biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps of: drying and crushing forestry and agricultural residues, then performing oxygen limited pyrolysis on the crushed materials for 1-5 hours at 300 to 700 DEG C, and sieving, thereby obtaining biochar; and after the biochar is fixed with persistent organic pollutant degrading bacteria, mixing the biochar with a fertilizer, stirring the two thoroughly, and adding a binder accounting for 1wt%-4wt% of the total weight, thus obtaining the environmentally friendly biochar-based fertilizer. For application, the prepared environmentally friendly biochar-based fertilizer is applied to soil by 100-1000 kg per hectare; the surface layer of soil, to which the biochar-based fertilizer is applied previously, is turned over by 0-20 cm, so that the biochar-based fertilizer is mixed with the soil thoroughly, and then the soil can be used for planting crops. The environmentally friendly biochar-based fertilizer provided by the invention overcomes the shortcoming that present biochar-based fertilizers contain organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the influence of the fertilizer on soil and environment is alleviated, and the safety risk of agricultural products is reduced; moreover, the environmentally friendly biochar-based fertilizer has the advantages of simple and practicable preparation process, low cost and the like.

The invention provides for methods, devices, and systems for pyrolyzing biomass. A pyrolysis unit can be used for the pyrolysis of biomass to form gas, liquid, and solid products. The biomass materials can be selected such that an enhanced biochar is formed after pyrolysis. The biomass can be pyrolyzed under specified conditions such that a selected biochar core is formed. The pyrolysis process can form a stable biochar core that is inert and/or resistant to degradation. The biochar or biochar core can be functionalized to form a functionalized biochar or functionalized biochar core. Functionalized can include post-pyrolysis treatments such as supplementation with microbes or physical transformations including annealing and/or activation.

The invention relates to a charcoal-based organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The charcoal-based organic fertilizer has the advantages of low cost, environment friendliness, good fertilizer efficiency, wide application range, high fertilizer efficiency utilization rate and pest prevention. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: adding starter cultures to chicken manure and soybean meal respectively for fermentation, after drying, crushing and mixing crop-residue-derived carbon, the treated chicken manure and soybean meal with ground phosphate rock, adding wood vinegar to the mixture with stirring, performing granulation, and obtaining the charcoal-based organic fertilizer after cooling and drying.

The invention discloses a granular filtering material for adsorbing and removing heavy metals in water and a preparation method thereof. The granular material consists of the following components in part by mass: 80-120 parts of an adsorbent, 7-14 pats of an additive and 0.5-3 parts of a binding agent, wherein the adsorbent consists of the following components in part by mass: 50-70 parts of coal ash and 30-50 parts of zeolite powder or sea-foam stone powder; the additive consists of the following components in part by mass: 5-7 parts of Mg-Al hydrotalcite, 2-6 parts of biochar and 0.5-1 part of magnesium Lignosulfonate; the binding agent is bentonite. The granular filtering material is prepared through the steps of adsorbent acid modification, biochar preparation, granulation and heat treatment process. According to the invention, the prepared granular filtering material is 3-6 mm in granule size, is large in adsorption capacity and excellent in adsorption effect and can effectively remove heavy metals in water, and no secondary pollutants are dissolved out, so that the granular filtering material can be applied to the treatment on heavy metal micro-polluted water and industrial waste water containing heavy metals, and has good economic and social benefits.

The invention discloses a method for producing a biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: thermal cracking or gasifying corn straw, or apple tree waste branch, trunk and wood chip to obtain the biocarbon; mixing the biocarbon and an ammonium nitrate solution, or urea and the ammonium nitrate solution, fully stirring and drying, or adding a binder with 1-3% of total amount and sending to a granulation system for granulation, then drying to obtain the biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer product. The fertilizer has the advantages of simple and easy preparation technology, and low cost. The biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer contains 10-12% of nitrogen, the biocarbon carrier material is stable in soil, and is a good soil amendment and a carbon sequestration agent, soil is applied for improving soil fertilization, the nitrogen element of the nitrogenous fertilizer loaded by the biocarbon has slow-release effect, so that the loss of the nitrogen element can be reduced, the nitrogenous fertilizer utilization rate can be enhanced; the biocarbon can retain in soil for long-term to play the effects of carbon sequestration and carbon emission reduction, the biocarbon is helpful for alleviating climate warming, and biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is a green fertilizer.

An IBTL system having a low GHG footprint for converting biomass to liquid fuels in which a biomass feed is converted to liquids by direct liquefaction and the liquids are upgraded to produce premium fuels. Biomass residues from the direct liquefaction, and optionally additional biomass is pyrolyzed to produce structured biochar, hydrogen for the liquefaction and upgrading, and CO₂ for conversion to algae, including blue green algae (cyanobacteria) in a photobioreactor (PBR). Produced algae and diazotrophic microorganisms are used to produce a biofertilizer that also contains structured biochar. The structured biochar acts as a nucleation agent for the algae in the PBR, as a absorption agent to absorb inorganics from the biomass feed to direct liquefaction or from the liquids produced thereby, and as a water retention agent in the biofertilizer. The ratio of cyanobacteria to diazotrophic microorganisms in the biofertilizer can be selected to optimize the so as to achieve desired total chemically active carbon and nitrogen contents in the soil for a given crop.

The invention relates to a method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil of a vegetable field in situ by compounding bio-charcoal and an organic fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps of: applying a passivation material obtained by compounding the bio-charcoal and the organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1 to a surface layer of soil of a cadmium contaminated vegetable field, fully and uniformly mixing the passivation material and the soil in a plowing layer with the thickness of 0 to 20cm, judging the contamination level of the soil according to environmental quality standard for soils GB15618-1995, and ensuring that the application rate of the passivation material is not less than 0.5 percent of the weight of dry soil, namely 750kg/mu when the cadmium concentration of the soil is 1.0 to 2.9mg/kg. The invention has the advantages that: raw materials of the passivation material are wide in source and low in cost, the application method is simple and has a remarkable effect of remediating the cadmium in the soil in a passivation way, and the risk of secondary contamination is avoided; and the bio-charcoal is applied into the soil, so the passivation material has the effects of reducing the discharge of greenhouse gas of farmland ecosystems, increasing the content of organic carbon of the soil, improving soil structures and the like, and has huge popularization and application value.

A biochar-based coast saline-alkali land improvement conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof are disclosed, the biochar-based coast saline-alkali land improvement conditioner comprises, by mass, 55-60 parts of biomass charcoal, 35-40 parts of humic acid, 2-4 parts of beneficial microbial agent, 1-2 parts of urea and 3-4 parts of a binder; the biochar-based coast saline-alkali land improvement conditioner has the synergistic effect of soil improvement, activation of microorganisms, enhancement of crop saltresistance, the soil improvement helps to improve soil microflora and increase the microbial activity in the soil, microbial metabolites also enhance the crop root saltresistance, crop growth feeds back to accelerate the soil improvement, a virtuous cycle system is formed, and multiplier amplification effect can be achieved compared with a single measure.

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-yield biochar, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) putting a collected biomass raw material into a catalyst solution, stirring and impregnating at normal temperature, and filtering to obtain the biomass raw material containing moisture and catalyst, the moisture weight percentage is 50-150%, and the catalyst weight content is 0.5-5%; and (2) heating the biomass raw material containing moisture and catalyst in an oxygen-free or limited-oxygen atmosphere to 100-180 DEG C at the rate of 0.5-2 DEG C/minute, keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours, heating to 240-300 DEG C at the rate of 0.5-3 DEG C/minute, keeping the temperature for 1-3 hours, heating to 500-900 DEG C at the rate of 10-50 DEG C/minute, keeping the temperature for 1-4 hours, and cooling to obtain the biochar, wherein the yield of the biochar is greater than 40 wt% of the biomass raw material. The method does not need drying in the biochar preparation process; the biomass raw material containing moisture and catalyst and the multi-step carbonization technique are utilized to achieve the goal of enhancing the biochar yield; and the biochar has the characteristics of energy saving, large specific area and high porosity, and can be widely used in the fields of water treatment, functional textiles and the like.