509results about How to "Reduce salinity" patented technology

A method of treating a hydrocarbon containing formation is described. The method may include providing a hydrocarbon recovery composition to the hydrocarbon containing formation. Hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation may interact with the hydrocarbon recovery composition. The hydrocarbon recovery composition may include an aliphatic anionic surfactant and an aliphatic nonionic additive. In some embodiments, an aliphatic anionic surfactant may be branched. In other embodiments, an aliphatic nonionic additive may be branched.

A method and apparatus comprising an active control system for a towed seismic streamer array that enables any relative positional control of any number of towed seismic streamers. The streamer positions are controlled horizontally and vertically using active control units positioned within the seismic array. The three component (x, y, z) position of each streamer element, relative to the vessel and relative to each other is controlled, tracked and stored during a seismic data acquisition run. The active control elements can be located at diverter position, streamer head, along the length of the streamer or on the tail of the streamer. The apparatus and method of the present invention enables a seismic array to be maneuvered as the towing vessel maintains course or the vessel itself maneuvers to assist in the repositioning of the array. The system enables maintenance of specific array position and geometry in the presence of variable environmental factors. The present invention facilitates four-dimensional seismic data acquisition by sensing and storing the position of the array and each array element with respect to time. Ancillary configurations such as collapsing an array or one section one streamer of an array for maintenance, handling or retrieval are enabled.

An electrodialysis method and apparatus include a source of concentrate fluid, a source of dilute fluid, a collector of treated concentrate fluid, a collector of dilute fluid, an anode and a cathode. A plurality of generally planar spacers are interleaved with a plurality of membranes to define a plurality of cells providing electrically conductive fluid connection between the anode and the cathode. Each of the spacers comprises a gasket that defines a first aperture and a second aperture. Each of said first and second apertures define an independent cell between interleaved membranes. The symmetrical, multiple split cell spacer configuration channels fluid flow through two or more narrow and elongated paths. The split cell arrangement allows for operation of the stack in parallel or in series. The invention improves the ion removal efficiency of a given membrane area, requires significantly less energy than other electrodialysis systems and substantially reduces stack assembly, materials and fabrication costs.

A method for lowering the temperature of a portion of a subsurface formation is provided. Preferably, the formation is an oil shale formation. The method includes the step of injecting a cooling fluid under pressure into a wellbore, with the wellbore having been completed at or below a depth of the subsurface formation. In one embodiment the wellbore has an elongated tubular member for receiving the cooling fluid and for conveying it downhole to the subsurface formation. The wellbore also has an expansion valve in fluid communication with the tubular member through which the cooling fluid flows. The method then includes the steps of injecting a cooling fluid under pressure into the wellbore, and expanding the cooling fluid across the first expansion valve. In this way, the temperature of the cooling fluid is reduced. The temperature of the surrounding formation is likewise reduced through thermal conduction and convection. In another embodiment, a partially frozen slurry is used as the cooling fluid.

The present invention relates to a method to enhance oil recovery from a hydrocarbon reservoir. One aspect of the invention includes injecting low-salinity water into the reservoir followed by the injection of a surfactant diluted in low-salinity water, and alternating the injections of the low-salinity water and the surfactant diluted in the low-salinity water. A gas is then injected into the reservoir. The invention improves the effectiveness of the surfactant and the gas by reducing the salinity of the reservoir by injecting low-salinity water into the reservoir.

The present invention relates to a method to enhance oil recovery from a hydrocarbon reservoir. One aspect of the invention includes injecting high salinity water into the reservoir followed by alternating the injection of low salinity water and gas.

Oil-based wellbore fluid in the form of an emulsion having a continuous phase containing an oil and, dispersed therein, a first dispersed liquid phase and a second separate dispersed liquid phase. The first dispersed liquid phase is a brine phase containing at least 5% by weight of a dissolved salt or a mixture of salts, and the second dispersed liquid phase is a polar organic liquid which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in the brine and contains the first dispersed liquid phase, but is soluble in pure water. The second dispersed liquid phase is in the form of droplets having an average diameter of not less than 5 microns.

The invention mainly relates to a process method for rapidly fermenting chopped hot peppers, and mainly relates to the field of food processing application. The process method comprises the following steps: washing, soaking and disinfecting the fresh hoppers; draining and removing the water content on the surface of the fresh hoppers; directly chopping by a chopper mixer; adding 2% of salt, 0.5% of calcium chloride, 0.05% of citric acid; inoculating 0.05% of lactobacillus plantarum, and 0.05% of lactobacillus fermentium cultured in high density, wherein, the number of the lactic acid bacteria is 1010cfu / g and the amount of the ester-producing yeast is over 107cfu / m; fermenting for 48h in a sealing mode at the temperature of 37 DEG C; filtering, wherein, the filter pulp can be used as the strain water of the next batch; adjusting the salt concentration of the filtered and fermented hot peppers according to the different tastes to 8%; adding spices, such as white wine, Liuyang brown bean and garlic and the like; encapsulating after evenly stirring; and pasteurizing to obtain the finished product.

A method of treating a hydrocarbon containing formation is described. The method may include providing a hydrocarbon recovery composition to the hydrocarbon containing formation. Hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation may interact with the hydrocarbon recovery composition. The hydrocarbon recovery composition may include an aliphatic anionic surfactant and an aliphatic nonionic additive. In some embodiments, an aliphatic anionic surfactant may be branched. In other embodiments, an aliphatic nonionic additive may be branched.

The invention discloses a preparing method of alkaline soil modifier, which comprises the following steps: dissolving polyacrylic acid in the water; adding inorganic acid, pyroligneous and plant hormone sequently; stirring to blend evenly. The modifier contains 5-25% polyacrylic acid, 10-50% inorganic acid, 1-5% pyroligneous, 0.01-2.0% plant hormone and water. The invention reduces soil pH value effectively, which is beneficial for plant growth.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing super absorbent resin by plant straw and raw material selection. In the synthesizing process, the prepolymer of crylic acid and acrylamide serves as polymerized monomer, the saline alkali tolerance of the super absorbent resin is improved while improving water absorption. The invention chooses renewable plant straw with low cost and wide resource as a raw material, effectively solves the problem of processing plant straws, and has important environmental protection value and economic significance.

This invention provides a biochemical organic fertilizer containing rich active humid acid, N, P and K necessary for plants combined with biobacteriums and its production method, in which, the technical target of the fertilizer is: NPK 4-14%, organic matters 30-50%, available active bacteriums 0.2-1.0x108 / g, microelements 2-6%, active humid acid 10-20% and amino acid 2-5%. The production method includes: activation and biochemical process of organic materials, granulation, drying, cooling, screening, enveloping and measuring and packaging.

A method for lowering the temperature of a portion of a subsurface formation is provided. Preferably, the formation is an oil shale formation. The method includes the step of injecting a cooling fluid under pressure into a wellbore, with the wellbore having been completed at or below a depth of the subsurface formation. In one embodiment the wellbore has an elongated tubular member for receiving the cooling fluid and for conveying it downhole to the subsurface formation. The wellbore also has an expansion valve in fluid communication with the tubular member through which the cooling fluid flows. The method then includes the steps of injecting a cooling fluid under pressure into the wellbore, and expanding the cooling fluid across the first expansion valve. In this way, the temperature of the cooling fluid is reduced. The temperature of the surrounding formation is likewise reduced through thermal conduction and convection. In another embodiment, a partially frozen slurry is used as the cooling fluid.

A bone fixation apparatus and method includes basal implants dimensioned to be installed in bone through lateral insertion into a T-shaped slot. The implants serve as anchors for mounting plates to be placed on either side of a fracture. The mounting plates or anchors may be a mount to which a stabilizing fixation rod, plate, prosthesis, dental prosthesis or other mesiostructure is attached.

The invention discloses a saline-alkali land soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The saline-alkali land soil conditioner is prepared by adding water in citric acid, polymaleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer, sodium polycrylate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials in weight proportioning; adding partial water in a reaction kettle for heating to 50-60 DEG C; adding the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the polymaleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer, the sodium polycrylate and the citric acid in the reaction kettle in turn for fully dissolving; subsequently, adding rest water in the reaction kettle and cooling to 20 DEG C; and after sampling and qualified inspection, measuring and packaging to form a finished product. By using the conditioner, the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are obviously improved, heavy metal ions are complexed, emulsification and oil removal are achieved, salinity infiltration is accelerated, alkaline of soil is neutralized, and the pH value is regulated; and the desalination amount of the conditioner can reach above 50%, and the conditioner has the advantages of short improvement period, durable management effect and universality, saves water, increases benefits, yield and income and is environment-friendly.

The invention relates to a composition for improving soil, in particular relates to a saline-alkali soil conditioner. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by mixing the following components by weight percent: 20%-35% of sulfur powder, 20%-30% of humic acid, 5%-10% of bentonite, 20%-25% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 8%-12% of calcium superphosphate, 1%-2% of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 2%-3% of boric acid. The saline-alkali soil conditioner can be used for regulating acid-base level of the soil, and effectively supplementing microelements in the soil, improving the nutritional deficiency symptom of crops, chelating harmful heavy metal elements in the soil, reducing saline and alkali degree, promoting the soil to form a granular structure, improving root growth environment of crops, enhancing saline and alkali resistance of crops, disease resistance and cultivation of resilience, reducing the harm of saline and alkali to plant roots, and releasing the effective phosphorous solidified by the soil, increasing soil fertility, holding water and saving fertilizer so as to finally and completely improve the soil, recover the soil fertility, increase both production and income and improve crop quality and utilization rate of the fertilizer.

A method of inhibiting hydrates in a fluid comprising water and gas comprising adding to the fluid an effective hydrate-inhibiting amount of one or more ion-pair amphiphiles, wherein the ion-pair amphiphiles are composed of one or more cationic amphiphiles and one or more anionic amphiphiles.

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical wastewater technology using microelectrolysis-Feton-EGSB (expanded granulate sludge bed)-A / O (anaerobic / aerobic)-BCO (biological contact oxidization)-BAF (biological aeration filtration)-coagulation treatment. High-concentration pharmaceutical wastewater is sequentially sent into an oil separation tank, a conditioning tank, a microelectrolysis reaction tank, a Feton catalytic oxidation tower, a horizontal flow type primary settling tank, a comprehensive conditioning tank, a hydrolysis acidifying tank, the EGSB, an A / O tank, a two-stage BCO tank, a secondary settling tank, a BAF tank, a coagulation tank, an air floating tank and a final settling tank to be treated, and then is drained after the standard is reached. The technology has the advantages that the technique is matured, the treatment effect is stable, and the anti-impact ability is strong; after the pharmaceutical wastewater is treated by the combined technology, the quality of drained water can reach the class-one standard of Comprehensive Drainage Standard of Wastewater (GB8978-1996).

A method of treating a hydrocarbon containing formation is described. The method includes providing a hydrocarbon recovery composition to the hydrocarbon containing formation. The hydrocarbon recovery composition includes a branched internal olefin sulfonate having an average carbon number of at least 15 and an average number of branches per molecule of at least about 0.8.

A method for treating wastewater is disclosed. The method is useful in particular for treating wastewater that is generated from the process of drilling, hydraulic fracturing and / or cleaning a bore of an oil or natural gas well bore. The method may include performing cold lime softening of the wastewater to form waste salt floes, filtration of waste salt floes, ozonation of the filtrate from the filtration, and reverse osmosis of the filtrate to produce a purified permeate.

The invention discloses a wastewater treatment system for treating highly salt-contained wastewater and a treatment method thereof, which belongs to the field of water treatment. The system comprises a biological treatment sub system and a salt crystallization sub system, wherein the biological treatment sub system is formed by the order connection of an anoxia pond, an aeration pond and a membrane biological reactor, wherein the anoxia pond is provided with a wastewater inlet through which the highly salt-contained wastewater is introduced to the anoxia pond, the inner parts of the aeration pond and the membrane biological reactor are both provided with aeration heads connected with an air compression device, and the membrane biological reactor is provided with a after-filter water outlet pipeline for water discharging; and the after-filter water outlet pipeline of the membrane biological reactor of the biological treatment sub system is connected with a water inlet of the salt crystallization sub system, and the salt crystallization sub system is provided with a salt crystal outlet and a reutilized water outlet. By utilizing the membrane biological reactor, the system solves the problem that because the sedimentation performance of the highly salt-contained wastewater is poor in the biological treatment sub system, the quality of the discharged water is poor; and by the salt crystallization sub system, the system reclaims salt, thereby obtaining salt resources and avoiding water pollution.

The invention discloses a peanut special microbial fertilizer and relates to the technical field of crop special fertilizers. Raw materials of 5-20 parts of compound microbial additives, 5-25 parts of turfy soil, 20-50 parts of urea, 5-25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers, 5-30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10-35 parts of potassium sulphate and 1-10 parts of bentonite are utilized, and the raw materials are subjected to stirring mixing by a mixer, granulation, drying and screening to obtain the peanut special microbial fertilizer. The peanut special microbial fertilizer has the advantages that the soil environment can be improved, the soil hardening can be eliminated, effects of inhibiting germs and resisting diseases can be achieved, the nutritions are comprehensive, and peanut yield and quality can be improved.

The invention discloses a composite material with water retention and fertilizer maintenance effects. The composite material is compounded by clay minerals, peat, humic acid, a water retention agent and inorganic fertilizer which serve as raw materials and is mainly used for resisting drought and storing water for desertificated land and improving soil. According to the composite material disclosed by the invention, the organic matter content of a sandy land can be increased, the water retention and fertilizer maintenance properties are improved, and growth of plants is facilitated, so that the aim of ecological recovery is fulfilled; all the raw material components can be naturally degraded; on the premise that the granular structure of the soil is improved, the saline-alkali content is reduced and nutritional components necessary to the growth of the plants are increased, secondary pollution to the environment is avoided; the raw materials is readily available, the preparation technology is simple, the cost is low, and large-scale production is facilitated.

The present invention relates to a method to enhance oil recovery from a hydrocarbon reservoir. One aspect of the invention includes injecting low salinity water into the reservoir followed by the injection of a surfactant diluted in low salinity water, and alternating the injections of the low salinity water and the surfactant diluted in the low salinity water. The invention improves the effectiveness of the surfactant by reducing the salinity of the reservoir by injecting low-salinity water into the reservoir.

A process and a system for enhancing recovery of oil from an oil-bearing formation are provided in which water having a total dissolved solids content is filtered to remove some solids in a filter assembly, the filtered water is treated to remove some ions in a capacitive deionization assembly, and the filtered deionized water is injected into the oil-bearing formation to mobilize crude oil and enhance oil recovery from the formation.

The invention discloses a making method of vacuum-pickled vegetables. The method needs the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of salt, 0.2-0.4 part of sodium dehydroacetate, 5-7 parts of acetic acid, 1-3 parts of lactic acid, 0.1-0.3 part of sodium pyrosulfite, 0.2-0.3 part of EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) disodium and 900-1100 parts of water. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that no wastewater or waste gas is discharged in the production process, so that environmental pollution does not occur; and the formula material water can be used for further seasoning after being processed, so that the material consumption is reduced to half of the material consumption of a traditional pickling method and the cost is saved. The pickled product is safe, sanitary and free from nutritional ingredient loss and has the advantages of good mouthfeel, good crispness, long shelf life, low salinity, convenient storage, small floor area, high product yield and the like.

The invention provides a method for quickly desalting, dealkalizing and ploughing a soda saline-alkali paddy field. The method comprises the following steps of: in the rice field after rice harvest in autumn, turning up the soil by using a big plough in autumn after base fertilizer is applied; sunning the upturned soil; rotating the soil in a dry mode in spring of the next year; ridging and soaking; leveling the field by using a thick rake until slurry is settled; and transplanting. In the method, spring soil turnup is replaced by autumn soil turnup; autumn soil turnup is combined with springsoil rotation; advantages of two tillage methods of rotary tillage and autumn soil turnup are utilized, advantages are absorbed and disadvantages are complemented, advantages are utilized and disadvantages are avoided, soil fertility is adjusted, and soil application and improvement are taken into consideration; and water resource is saved, saline and alkali are removed quickly, the soil structure is optimized, fragile ecological environment is improved, high yield, stable production and sustained development of rice in saline-alkali adverse situation are promoted. Rice is planted in the sodasaline-alkali land by the method, so the method is simple and easy in operation and convenient to popularize, labor and time are saved, production input cost is low, yield is increased obviously, repair of the fragile ecological environment is facilitated, and income of farmers is increased.

The water soluble fertilizer for being applied while irrigating consists of nitrogen fertilizer 20-60 wt%, phosphate fertilizer 10-30 wt%, potash fertilizer 5-30 wt%, and parent fertilizer 2-20 wt%. The parent fertilizer consists of medium elements 10-35 wt%, trace elements 30-65 wt% and soil amendment 5-35 wt%, and the soil amendment is compounded with organic fulvic acid through twice fermentation and active organic matter with ion exchanging capacity in the weight ratio of 1-10 to 11. The water soluble fertilizer can replenish the nutrients essential for crop to grow, avoid soil hardening, reduce soil transmitted diseases and raise soil fertility. The present invention also provides the preparation process of the water soluble fertilizer.

The invention relates to a saline-alkali soil modifier and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 5-20 parts of humic acid, 15-30 parts of heavy calcium carbonate, 5-10 parts of solid sulphuric acid, 8-15 parts of farmyard manure, 3-7 parts of trace element compound and 1-3 parts of bone meal to pelletize; using 0.3-1 part of biological bacterium to pelletize; and mixing the obtained particles, adding 10-20 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-14 parts of phosphatic fertilizer and 3-8 parts of potassic fertilizer to mix evenly and prepare the saline-alkali soil modifier. Pig manure and chicken manure are used as carrier to be combined with the saline-alkali soil modifier and prepare granule, the granule is applied 3cm and 10cm below seeds, thus the saline-alkali concentration around the root systems of the seeds can be reduced, the circular damage of the return of saline-alkali in deep underground on the root systems of crop can be suppressed, a good ecological environment can be created for the root systems of crop and the aims of strong root systems, more and stronger roots, luxuriant branches and leaves, high and stable yield can be realized. The technology can be used in the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, thus the farmer with a limited land can have higher income.

A method assembling straw biochar with microbe bacteria fertilizer so as to improve saline land relates to the saline land improvement method, and aims to solve the technical problems that an existing saline land cannot plant crops or the crops output is low; the method comprises the following steps: composting and fermenting an organic fertilizer so as to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the straw biochar, the microbe bacteria fertilizer and the decomposed organic fertilizer according to weight ratio: 1-12:1:10-20, and piling up the mixture for preparation; uniformly throwing the straw biochar, the microbe bacteria fertilizer and the decomposed organic fertilizer mixing improvement material on the soil surface 0-2 days before soil working, and appilication amount is 1350kg / mu; doing intersect rotary tillage for 1-2 times after fertilizer application, rotary tillage depth is 12-15cm, immediately suppressing the soil after rotary tillage, and then sowing is carried out. The method is simple, modifiers are straw biochar and manure, the materials are easy to get, so cost is low; the improved saline land is obvious in effect; the method is suitable for saline land improvement.