The invention discloses a marine geological
sediment sampling device and method, and belongs to the technical field of sampling equipment. The marine geological
sediment sampling device comprises a bottom frame, wherein one side of the bottom frame is a containing box, and the other side of the bottom frame is an inserting rod; the power box is arranged in the containing box through a sliding sealing structure, and a power element is installed in the power box. A sampling
pipe in transmission connection with the power element, a floating
assembly installed on the power box and an air
pipe in the power box are installed among the multiple
insertion rods, when the pressure in the cavity reaches a set value of a pressure valve, the valve is opened,
compressed air is sprayed to stress blades through the air
pipe to drive a first sliding ring to rotate, a floating plate rotates synchronously, and auxiliary propulsive force is generated; the propelling direction is consistent with the sinking direction of the device, the function of accelerating sinking is achieved,
seawater resistance is effectively resisted, meanwhile, in a
shallow sea area or a
deep sea area, the overall
buoyancy of the device is changed by dynamically adjusting the inflation volume in the floating plate, and the device can be prevented from violently shaking or inclining due to too fast sinking.