Method for rapidly improving plough layer soil structure of saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly improving a plough layer soil structure of saline-alkali land, which relates to the technical field of agriculture and comprises the following steps: arranging a drainage foundation of a water-permeable concealed conduit, sampling and measuring soil above the water-permeable concealed conduit, including soil bulk density, water content, pH, EC value, SOC and TN content, calculating SOC reserve, determining the proportion of an improver according to a detection result, and determining the soil structure of a plough layer of the saline-alkali land according to the proportion. Performing deep ploughing and rotary tillage treatment, and uniformly applying a modifier; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out rapid fertilization treatment, applying gypsum, biochar, a high-carbon-based organic fertilizer and fulvic acid, carrying out drip irrigation or flood irrigation, planting green manure crops, covering plant straws, turning and pressing into soil, and integrally carrying out hidden pipe salt elimination and deep ploughing physical improvement, gypsum, biochar and high-carbon-based organic fertilizer chemical improvement, straw returning and green manure matched biological improvement. According to the method, through comprehensive measures, the soil structure is rapidly and effectively improved, fertility is improved, salinity is prevented from rising, healthy growth of crops is promoted, and sustainable utilization of the saline-alkali soil is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a method for quickly improving the soil structure of a cultivated layer of saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to soil with high concentrations of soluble salts and alkaline substances, which leads to deterioration of soil structure and decline of fertility, thus affecting crop growth and agricultural production. The formation of saline-alkali land is mainly related to high groundwater level, strong evaporation and unreasonable irrigation and drainage management. When farming on saline-alkali land, the salt in the soil easily rises to the surface, causing salinization of the soil surface, which in turn inhibits the growth of crop roots and nutrient absorption, and ultimately leads to crop yield reduction or even crop failure. Therefore, it has become an important issue in agricultural production to quickly and effectively improve the soil structure of saline-alkali land, improve soil fertility, and prevent the rise and accumulation of salt.

[0003] At present, some severe saline-alkali lands are widely distributed, with high salt content, heavy and sticky texture, poor soil quality, poor structural performance, and great difficulty in management. Poor structure is one of the key causes of saline-alkali soil problems in saline-alkali lands. For severe saline-alkali lands, with outstanding problems such as poor soil structure, poor soil water infiltration performance, and weak salt leaching capacity, existing technologies and methods often have limited effects, and it is difficult to significantly improve soil conditions in a targeted manner within a short period of time.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for quickly improving the soil structure of a saline-alkali land arable layer, comprising the following methods:

[0007] Dig several trenches with a depth of 60-120cm in the saline-alkali land, and set the bottom of the trench with a slope of 0.1% to 0.4% in the drainage direction;

[0008] The bottom of the trench is filled with 10-20 cm of filter material, and a permeable concealed pipe with a diameter ranging from 20-70 cm is placed on the filter material, and the trench is further filled with the filter material to a depth of 30-40 cm;

[0009] Fill the trench with saline-alkali arable soil;

[0010] Sampling was carried out on the saline-alkali land arable layer, and the soil bulk density, soil layer thickness, soil moisture content, soil pH, EC value, SOC and TN content of the samples were measured. Finally, the SOC reserve of the soil was calculated to obtain the comprehensive nutrient information of the saline-alkali land arable layer.

[0011] Customized improvement plans for determining amendments through comprehensive nutrient information;

[0012] Deeply till the land with soil improvement equipment and evenly apply the improver once, and evenly apply the improver twice during rotary tillage;

[0013] Rapidly fertilize the soil and irrigate the soil.

[0014] Preferably, the filter material includes gravel and crushed stone, the surface of the permeable concealed pipe is covered with synthetic fiber filter cloth, and the spacing between adjacent grooves ranges from 8 to 35 m.

[0015] Preferably, the SOC reserve of the soil includes the following calculation method:

[0016] The soil weight of a soil layer at a specific depth is calculated using the thickness and bulk density of each soil layer, namely:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, m soil is the soil weight per unit area mg / hm 2 , is the soil bulk density g / cm 3 , d i is the soil thickness in cm, n is the number of layers in the soil layer at a specific depth, and 100 is the unit conversion factor;

[0019] Secondly, the lightest soil weight at a specific depth is selected as the reference mass m ref , calculate the excess soil weight m ex for:

[0020] M ex =M soil -M ref ;

[0021] Finally, calculate the SOC reserve:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, C SOC is the SOC concentration g / kg, 0.1 is the conversion factor, SOC stock SOC reserves calculated by the equivalent weight method of SOC mg / hm 2 , C sn is the SOC concentration in the deepest soil layer g / kg.

[0024] Preferably, the improver comprises polyacrylamide, fulvic acid, nanocarbon, calcium oxide and water.

[0025] Preferably, the rapid fertilization treatment comprises the following steps:

[0026] After rotary tillage and soil irrigation in saline-alkali land, gypsum, biochar, high-carbon-based organic fertilizer, fulvic acid and humic acid are evenly applied as fertilizers;

[0027] When the land is deep-ploughed and rotary-tilled again by the soil improvement equipment, the improver is evenly added again;

[0028] Green manure crops are planted in the arable layer of saline-alkali land, and covered with plant straw during the growing season and turned into the soil.

[0029] Preferably, the soil improvement equipment comprises:

[0030] Main frame;

[0031] A plurality of plow frames are installed on the inner wall of the main frame, and a central plow cutter or a side plow cutter is installed on the surface of the corresponding plow frame, and an angle adjuster for adjusting the central force or the side plow cutter angle is installed on the upper surface of the plow frame;

[0032] Rotary tillage accessories;

[0033] The rotary tillage hanger is fixedly connected to one side of the main frame, and one side of the rotary tillage hanger is fixedly connected to an end support frame for supporting it;

[0034] Diffuser;

[0035] The diffuser is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main frame, and is used for evenly scattering the improver;

[0036] Two liquid distribution bins are fixedly connected to the surface of the main frame, and a material storage bin is fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the two liquid distribution bins. The material storage bin and the two liquid distribution bins are connected to the diffuser through a feeder;

[0037] Driver;

[0038] The driver is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotary tillage hanger, and the driver is used to drive the rotary tillage hanger and the diffuser.

[0039] Preferably, a tail lifting structure is installed on the upper surface of the main frame, and the tail lifting structure is used to adjust the height of the rotary tillage hanger from the ground.

[0040] Preferably, the sampling of the saline-alkali land arable layer includes random sampling;

[0041] Soil bulk density includes determination by the ring knife method;

[0042] Soil moisture content includes oven-drying measurement;

[0043] Soil pH and EC values ​​were measured using an acidometer and conductivity meter, respectively, at a soil-water ratio of 1:5;

[0044] SOC and TN contents were determined using a CNS element analyzer;

[0045] Before SOC determination, the soil sample needs to be acidified with 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid to remove carbonates, washed with deionized water until the pH reaches neutral, dried and ground through a 0.15 mm soil sieve, and then measured on the machine.

[0046] Preferably, the soil irrigation includes drip irrigation and flood irrigation.

[0047] Preferably, the customized improvement plan includes the basic properties of the soil, the impact of soil structure on water and salt migration, and the relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms to determine the composition and mixing ratio of the improver.

[0048] Beneficial effects:

[0049] This solution, by digging trenches in saline-alkali land and filling the trenches with filter materials and permeable concealed pipes, can effectively lower the groundwater level, reduce the rise of salt to the surface, and prevent salinization of the saline-alkali land arable layer. The concealed pipe drainage system can drain excess surface water and groundwater, prevent soil water accumulation, improve soil permeability and structural stability, and promote the healthy growth of crop roots. Through the combination of soil irrigation and drainage systems, irrigation water can be used to wash the salt in the soil. The salt flows into the drainage pipes and is discharged to the surface with the water, thereby reducing soil salinity and improving the soil environment.

[0050] At the same time, this plan randomly samples the soil and conducts parameter detection. After obtaining relevant parameters, it effectively calculates the SOC reserves and proposes a targeted customized improvement plan. The improvement plan provides the specific ratio of the improver and the method of soil fertilization. Combined with soil improvement equipment, the soil is deep plowed and leveled. The improver is added three times during the process, combined with rapid fertilization treatment, to achieve overall coordination from multiple dimensions of field structure improvement, chemical treatment and microbial cultivation, and effectively optimize the saline-alkali land arable layer.

[0051] In summary, this program can significantly improve the farming performance of saline-alkali land, improve soil structure and fertility, reduce salinity, provide a healthier growth environment for crops, and achieve sustainable improvement and efficient utilization of saline-alkali land through the scientific design and implementation of the concealed pipe drainage system, combined with customized improvement measures and fertilization treatment. It has a more prominent improvement effect under the typical saline-alkali land conditions of coastal saline-alkali areas with shallow groundwater level and high mineralization, low terrain, poor drainage, poor soil tillage, and difficult salt leaching. It has a short time and fast speed to change the arable layer of saline-alkali land, and the improvement effect is significant.

[0052] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] In the attached picture:

[0054] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the soil improvement equipment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the soil improvement device of the present invention from another perspective;

[0057] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the main frame and the plow frame of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cross section of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the main frame of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the rotary tillage hanging part of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rotary tillage hanging part of the present invention;

[0062] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the driver of the present invention;

[0063] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the diffuser of the present invention;

[0064] Fig.11 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the angle adjuster of the present invention;

[0065] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the effects of the control group, the first implementation group and the second implementation group on soil salinity in the saline-alkali land experiment of the present invention;

[0066] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the effects of the control group, the first implementation group and the second implementation group on the crop yield in the saline-alkali land experiment of the present invention;

[0067] Fig.14 The effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on soil bulk density of the present invention;

[0068] Fig.15 The effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on water content, pH and EC in the 0-60 cm soil layer of the present invention;

[0069] Fig.16 The effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on SOC, TN, and C / N in the 0-60 cm soil layer of the present invention;

[0070] Fig.17 A reference table of data on the effects of different irrigation methods and fertilization treatments on SOC storage in the present invention;

[0071] Fig.18 The effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on yield in the present invention;

[0072] Fig.19 This is the partial least squares path model of the impact of soil physical and chemical properties on crop yield in the present invention.

[0073] In the figure: 1. main frame; 101. main beam; 102. base; 103. movable beam; 104. connecting seat; 105. deflection frame; 106. threaded slide seat; 107. support plate; 108. threaded rod; 109. bearing seat; 2. tail lifting structure; 21. tripod; 22. stand; 23. hydraulic pull rod; 3. angle adjuster; 31. slide cylinder; 32. screw rod; 33. rotating screw sleeve; 34. rotating connector; 4. plow frame; 41. horizontal support beam; 42. angle adjustment plate; 43. fixed frame; 5. feeder; 51. confluence cover; 52. confluence pipe; 53. vertical material pipe; 54. material control valve; 6. diffuser; 61. two-way dispersion cover; 62. flywheel; 6 3. Feed inlet; 64. Centrifugal inclined hole; 65. Directional dispersion hole; 66. Material guide cover; 67. Shaft frame; 7. Driver; 71. Reducer motor; 72. Motor frame; 73. Clutch; 74. Universal coupling; 8. Rotary tillage hanger; 81. Transmission bridge; 82. Traction seat; 83. Fixed seat; 84. Strengthening hanger; 85. Side cover; 86. Transmission shaft sleeve; 87. Synchronous belt pulley set; 88. Crushing shaft; 89. Crushing knife; 9. End support frame; 91. Guide slide; 92. Hydraulic jack; 93. Lifting frame; 94. End roller; 10. Side plow; 11. Middle plow; 12. Liquid distribution bin; 13. Material rack; 14. Storage bin; 15. Front roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0075] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0076] like Figures 1 to 19 As shown,

[0077] A method for quickly improving the soil structure of a saline-alkali land arable layer, comprising the following methods:

[0078] Field infrastructure:

[0079] Dig several trenches with a depth of 60-120cm in the saline-alkali land, and set the bottom of the trench with a slope of 0.1% to 0.4% in the drainage direction;

[0080] The bottom of the trench is filled with 10-20 cm of filter material, and a permeable concealed pipe with a diameter ranging from 20-70 cm is placed on the filter material, and the trench is further filled with the filter material to a depth of 30-40 cm;

[0081] Fill the trench with saline-alkali arable soil;

[0082] Soil parameter detection:

[0083] Sampling was carried out on the saline-alkali land arable layer, and the soil bulk density, soil layer thickness, soil moisture content, soil pH, EC value, SOC and TN content of the samples were measured. Finally, the SOC reserve of the soil was calculated to obtain the comprehensive nutrient information of the saline-alkali land arable layer.

[0084] Soil treatment:

[0085] Customized improvement plans for determining amendments through comprehensive nutrient information;

[0086] Deeply till the land with soil improvement equipment and evenly apply the improver once, and evenly apply the improver twice during rotary tillage;

[0087] Rapidly fertilize the soil and irrigate the soil.

[0088] The customized improvement plan includes the basic properties of soil, the impact of soil structure on water and salt migration, and the relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms to determine the composition and mixing ratio of the improver.

[0089] Soil physical indicators include:

[0090] Soil particle size distribution: proportion of sand, silt and clay.

[0091] Soil density: includes dry density and wet density.

[0092] Soil porosity: the volume ratio of pores in soil.

[0093] Moisture properties: such as water holding capacity, permeability and drainage.

[0094] Soil structure: such as granular structure, block structure, etc.

[0095] Soil chemical indicators include:

[0096] pH: Soil acidity and alkalinity.

[0097] Organic matter content: The amount of organic matter in the soil.

[0098] Nutrient content: the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements (such as zinc, iron, manganese, etc.).

[0099] Conductivity: An indicator of salt concentration.

[0100] Exchangeable cations: such as the exchange capacity of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, etc.

[0101] Soil bioindicators include:

[0102] Number of microorganisms: such as the number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc.

[0103] Microbial diversity: the abundance of different types of microorganisms.

[0104] Enzyme activity: such as the activity of soil enzymes (urease, phosphatase, etc.).

[0105] The number of soil animals: such as the number of nematodes, earthworms, etc.

[0106] Organic matter decomposition rate: the efficiency with which organic matter in the soil decomposes.

[0107] Through these indicators, we can better understand the state of the soil and thus determine the composition and mixing ratio of the amendment.

[0108] According to the physical, chemical and biological indicators of the soil, the modifiers including polyacrylamide, fulvic acid, nanocarbon, calcium oxide and water are adaptively adjusted, and any other materials can be added, including but not limited to trace elements, fertilizers, etc.

[0109] Basic soil properties include physical and chemical properties (soil chemical properties, soil physical properties and soil biological properties) and soil pore characteristics (three-dimensional structure, porosity and pore size distribution);

[0110] The influence of soil structure on water and salt transport includes regular water and salt testing and water infiltration parameters;

[0111] The relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms includes soil fertility (organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nutrients) and microorganisms (diversity and community composition);

[0112] The above-mentioned influence of basic soil properties and soil structure on water and salt migration can help us understand the influence of soil structure on water and salt migration, and the relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms can be used to customize improvement plans, among which, customized improvement plans.

[0113] Case 1: Soil improvement technology for coastal saline-alkali land using irrigation combined with agronomic measures;

[0114] Test location: Lingang Development Zone, Huanghua City, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province;

[0115] Experimental treatment: The test crop was salt-tolerant cotton, and the one-film-two-row planting pattern was adopted, with all films covered, wide row spacing (width between films) of 0.8m, narrow row spacing of 0.4m, and plant spacing of 0.3m. The experiment adopted a split-plot design. The main treatments were two irrigation water source treatments (the total salt content of deep well water was 1g / L, and the total salt content of sea ice water was 3g / L, both of which were flooded. The secondary treatments were two covering treatments (ground film, ground film + liquid film. The liquid film used polyacrylamide to blend into the irrigation water, and the irrigation amount before sowing was 10g / t, and the amount during the flowering period was 5g / t). There were four fertilization treatments (CK without fertilization, inorganic fertilizer alone, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combination, soil conditioner and inorganic fertilizer combination). The inorganic fertilizer dosage was pure N 120kg / hm2, P2O5 45kg / hm2, K2O 90kg / hm2; organic fertilizer used biological organic fertilizer (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and water were 2.35%, 1.39%, 1.25% and 42.9% respectively), and the dosage was 3000kg / hm2; soil conditioner used gypsum, and the dosage was (5000-1 0000)kg / hm2

[0116] Experimental results: The soil desalination rate of the treatment with inorganic fertilizer alone in the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of the other three treatments. The soil desalination rate of the plot with soil conditioners and inorganic fertilizers at 0-40 cm was significantly higher than that of the plot with inorganic fertilizer alone (P<0.05), about 53%; the soil desalination rate of the plot with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizers was 55% higher than that of the treatment with inorganic fertilizer alone (P<0.05). The soil desalination rate of the treatment with inorganic fertilizer alone in the 0-60 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of the treatment without fertilizer (P<0.05).

[0117] Liquid film can improve the physical properties of soil, reduce the erosion of irrigation water on soil, accelerate the infiltration of irrigation water, promote the leaching of salt ions out of the soil, and provide a salt environment suitable for the growth of plant roots in the seedling stage. During the harvest period, due to the long-term leaching of soil salt by rainy season precipitation, there was no significant difference in soil salt at each layer between the plots with and without liquid film applied within 1m of soil (P>0.05).

[0118] The application of inorganic fertilizers has a certain antagonistic effect on soil salt leaching. The application of inorganic fertilizers with soil conditioners can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, increase soil permeability, and accelerate soil salt leaching. Reasonable agronomic measures can improve the inhibitory effect of high soil salt content on cotton emergence rate, among which the application of conditioners and inorganic fertilizers has the greatest contribution to cotton emergence rate.

[0119] Case 2: Using concealed pipes to drain salt and combine with biochar-based fertilizer to improve coastal saline-alkali land;

[0120] Experimental location: Agricultural Yellow River Delta Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone, Dongying City, Shandong Province;

[0121] Experimental treatment: buried pipes at intervals of 10, 20, and 30m, respectively, and the buried depth (deeper end) was 1.1m. Four hidden pipes were laid in each plot. The hidden pipe material was a perforated PVC corrugated pipe with a diameter of 80mm and a slope of 1‰. Each hidden pipe was 80m long and wrapped with non-woven fabric. 10cm filter material was laid around it. Four treatments were designed for laying hidden pipes, including control (CK), biochar (BC), biochar + fulvic acid (BCF), high carbon-based organic fertilizer (C1N0), and high carbon-based organic fertilizer + nanocarbon (C1N1). Each treatment was repeated three times, and the area of ​​a single plot was 40m2. High carbon-based organic fertilizer (400kg / mu), biochar and fulvic acid were plowed to 0-20cm of the soil surface before sowing, and a one-time investment before sowing. Nanocarbon (400ml / m2) was applied by spraying during the seedling and flowering stages of oil sunflower.

[0122] Test results: Soil salinity is closely related to underground drainage. As drainage flow increases, the amount of salt carried away by drainage increases, and the salt in the soil decreases. The salt content above and 5 cm below the underground pipes in each treatment is significantly reduced, showing an obvious desalination trend; compared with the underground drainage area, the main ions in the open ditch drainage area change less, indicating that underground drainage measures have a significant effect on reducing the content of salt ions.

[0123] The root biomass and stem weight of oil sunflower treated with biochar were significantly greater than those of the control group (p<0.05). The application of high-carbon organic fertilizer and nanocarbon / biochar can promote the growth and development of crops to a certain extent, and the aboveground and underground biomass increased by about 10%. The yield of oil sunflower increased to varying degrees under the action of different biochar amounts and fulvic acid. The 100-grain weight of C1N0 and C1N1 treatments increased significantly (p<0.05), among which the per-acre yield of crops under C1N1 treatment was the highest, 1.2 times that of the control group. Among them, the application of biochar with fulvic acid can improve the soil aggregate structure and pore characteristics, increase the infiltration performance by 1.9 times, promote the leaching of soil salt in the root zone and inhibit the surface accumulation of salt, and increase the soil organic carbon content by 20%.

[0124] The use of biochar and humic acid can promote the growth and development of crops to a certain extent, and the aboveground and underground biomass increases by about 10%. The use of biochar and humic acid has a good water storage and moisture retention effect on the 0-40cm soil layer during the growth period and seedling stage, ensuring the normal emergence of oil sunflowers. It shows that the application of biochar and humic acid has good water retention performance, and can promote the downward migration of water to a certain extent, playing a higher water storage and moisture retention effect. The yield of oil sunflower increased to varying degrees under the action of different biochar amounts and humic acid, and the 100-grain weight was significantly increased under the C1N0 and C1N1 treatments (p<0.05), among which the crop yield per mu under the C1N1 treatment was the highest, which was 1.2 times that of the control group.

[0125] Case 3: Technology of returning straw to fields and green manure to improve coastal saline-alkali land;

[0126] Experimental site: Agricultural Yellow River Delta Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone, Dongying City, Shandong Province;

[0127] Experimental treatment: There are 4 treatments in total: control, hairy vetch, sesbania, and alfalfa. A randomized block design is used, with a single plot area of ​​8m*8m and three replicates. Green manure crops are planted in the plough layer of saline-alkali land, and plant straw is covered and pressed into the soil during the growth period. Tillage and weeding are carried out once 20 days after emergence. No fertilization and irrigation are carried out during the growth period. After the green manure is harvested, the aboveground part is chopped and evenly spread on the spot, and then turned and pressed with a small machine, and the surface of the soil is rotary tilled to 20cm.

[0128] Test results: The soil salt content showed a continuous downward trend in the early stage of green manure growth. Salt-tolerant green manure is a type of plant that can grow in a high-salt-alkali environment. Planting these plants to improve saline-alkali land is also an effective means. Salt-tolerant green manure can grow normally in a high-salt-alkali environment, absorbing excess salt and toxic substances in the soil, thereby reducing the salinity of the soil. At the same time, planting salt-tolerant green manure can also increase the content of soil organic matter and active minerals, and improve soil drought resistance and fertility.

[0129] The advantages of salt-tolerant green manure are: it can provide rich nutrients and sufficient nutrients for crop growth; it can restore the ecosystem of saline-alkali land and improve the soil environment; it can protect the microorganisms and biodiversity in the soil; it can improve the fertility and drought resistance of the soil and reduce the death rate and mortality of plants. The extent of reducing soil EC by green manure treatment is quite significant, among which the extent of reducing soil EC by alfalfa treatment is the largest. Turning green manure increases soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium by 0.8-1.26g / kg, 0.1-0.24g / kg, 0.5-2.65mg / kg and 1.8-10.1mg / kg respectively.

[0130] Intercropping green manure has a significant effect on soil salt content. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, compared with the CK treatment, the intercropping green manure treatment showed the effect of reducing soil salt content, with an average decrease of 37.46%, 38.92% and 40.64% in three years, respectively. The soil bulk density of intercropping green manure treatment showed a significant reduction effect (P<0.05). Intercropping green manure and turning over and returning to the field effectively reduced the soil bulk density, especially the bulk density of 0-20 cm soil. Intercropping green manure treatment had a significant effect on reducing soil pH, with an average decrease of 7.76%, 8.52% and 8.93% in three years, respectively. Overall, intercropping green manure and turning over and returning to the field can effectively reduce soil pH, among which intercropping 3 and 4 rows of green manure has a better effect on inhibiting the increase of soil pH. The yield of corn in intercropping green manure treatment increased by 6%-8%. The green manure and turning over and returning to the field mode can effectively improve saline-alkali soil, enhance soil fertility, and promote crop yield. It is a better technical model for comprehensive improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land.

[0131] Green manure crops include hairy vetch, sesbania and alfalfa. These green manure crops are planted in the topsoil of saline-alkali land to improve the soil by taking advantage of their salt tolerance, absorbing excess salt and improving soil structure and fertility.

[0132] Regarding the standard planting technique, the main steps are as follows:

[0133] A randomized block design was used, and each green manure crop was planted in a plot of 8m×8m and replicated three times to ensure the reliability of the data.

[0134] Green manure crops should be weeded 20 days after emergence, and after the green manure growing period, the above-ground parts together with the covering plant straw should be turned into the soil surface 20 cm to promote the return of organic matter and improve soil fertility.

[0135] During the growing period, green manure crops are not fertilized or irrigated to maintain the original ecological conditions of the soil. Through this technology, green manure crops grow in a high saline-alkali environment, reducing the salt content of the soil, while increasing the organic matter of the soil, improving the soil structure and enhancing the soil fertility.

[0136] Case 4: Improvement of soil structure of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River irrigation area by combining irrigation with organic materials

[0137] Test location: The test environment is in Dalate Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, with a temperate continental climate on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The average annual temperature is 6.1-7.1℃, the average annual sunshine is 3000h, the average annual precipitation is 200-400mm, mainly concentrated from July to September, the annual evaporation is 2000-2400mm, and the average annual frost-free period is 130-140d. The soil in the test site is loam, and the basic properties of the soil in the 0-20cm soil layer are: bulk density 1.39g / cm3, pH value 8.27, electrical conductivity (EC) 2140μs / cm, salt content 7.80g / kg, soil organic carbon (SOC) 7.51g / kg, total nitrogen (TN) 0.92g / kg, and available phosphorus 20.98mg / kg; the basic properties of the soil in the 20-40cm soil layer are: bulk density 1.32g / cm3, pH value 8.20, EC2220μs / cm, salt content 7.90g / kg, SOC8.15g / kg, TN0.93g / kg, and available phosphorus 19.75mg / kg. It is a severely saline-alkali land.

[0138] Experimental treatment: The experiment adopts split plot design, with two irrigation methods in the main area, namely flooding and drip irrigation; four fertilization treatments are set in the sub-area (not just four treatments), namely single fertilizer (F), fertilizer + straw (FS), fertilizer + cow dung (FM) fertilizer + high carbon-based organic fertilizer. . Each treatment has three replicate plots, each with an area of ​​100m2. Flooding is carried out 15 days before sowing, with an irrigation volume of 750m3 / hm2; intelligent water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation is carried out after sowing, and the drip irrigation time is controlled by a real-time conductivity meter and a vacuum tensiometer installed under the transmitter. When the soil conductivity is higher than 4dS / m and the soil matrix potential is lower than -5kPa, drip irrigation is automatically carried out, and the irrigation volume is 6mm each time. The amount of chemical fertilizer base fertilizer is N 120kg / hm2, P2O5 270kg / hm2, K2O 72kg / hm2, and it is integrated with fertilization, film covering and sowing. The amount of corn straw returned to the field was the full amount of corn straw (9000kg / hm2), and the application amount of cow dung and high carbon base fertilizer was determined to be 8654kg / hm2 and 8182kg / hm2 according to the principle of equal organic carbon input. They were spread and rotary tilled before sowing. The test crop was sunflower (Sanrui No. 9), which was planted in wide and narrow rows at the end of May, with a wide row of 100cm, a narrow row of 40cm, and a plant spacing of 50cm. Topdressing was carried out before the budding stage (July), with an amount of N180 kg / hm2 and K2O 48kg / hm2. Hole application was used in the flood irrigation area, and drip irrigation was applied with drip irrigation water in the drip irrigation area. Other field management measures remained the same.

[0139] Test results: Fig.14 It can be seen that compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil bulk density of the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers (P less than 0.05; Fig.14). In the 0-20cm soil layer, compared with F, the soil bulk density of FS under flooding and drip irrigation conditions decreased by 6.59% and 4.05%, respectively. In the 20-40cm soil layer, the bulk density of FS under flooding irrigation was 6.34% lower than that of F treatment; the bulk density of FH under drip irrigation was 3.45% higher than that of F treatment. The soil water content showed an increasing trend with the increase of soil depth (such as Fig.15 (as shown in a, b and c in the figure). At the same time, the soil moisture content of the drip irrigation treatment was higher than that of the flooding irrigation. Under flooding conditions, compared with the F treatment, the FS treatment significantly increased the moisture content of the 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers, with increases of 18.55%, 33.05% and 5.53%, respectively; the moisture content of the 40-60 cm soil layer increased by 11.61% under the FM treatment; and the moisture content in the 20-40 cm soil layer increased by 16.64% under the FH treatment. Under drip irrigation, compared with the F treatment, FS increased the moisture content of the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers by 5.94% and 11.11%, respectively; however, in the 40-60 cm soil layer, the moisture content of FM decreased significantly by 7.89%, and the moisture content of FH increased significantly by 6.69%. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the irrigation method significantly affected the SOC content, and the overall performance was that flooding irrigation was less than drip irrigation (such as Fig.16 At the same time, the addition of materials increased the SOC content under both flooding and drip irrigation conditions. Specifically, compared with F, the SOC of FS and FH increased significantly by 10.74% and 4.50% under flooding conditions; under drip irrigation conditions, the SOC of FM and FH increased significantly by 5.73% and 13.51%. The TN content was greater under flooding than under drip irrigation (as shown in Fig. Fig.16 (d in the figure). Under flood irrigation, the TN content of FS was 6.11% higher than that of F, but that of FH was 4.17% lower than that of F; under drip irrigation, FM and FH significantly increased the TN content by 14.20% and 8.46% respectively. The C / N ratio under flood irrigation was lower than that under drip irrigation. Under flood irrigation, FH significantly increased the C / N ratio; while under drip irrigation, FM significantly reduced the C / N ratio.

[0140] The addition of organic materials plays an important role in carbon fixation and productivity improvement in saline-alkali land. The results of this study showed that compared with F, FS, FM, and FH treatments under flood and drip irrigation increased sunflower yield (e.g. Fig.18 The results show that the addition of materials can achieve the effect of increasing crop yield in saline-alkali land. Bulk density, water content, EC, SOC, and C / N are the main factors affecting crop yield. Partial least squares path analysis also shows that the addition of materials can increase crop yield by increasing carbon fixation and reducing salinity, with a total effect of 0.460. In short, drip irrigation and material addition in saline-alkali land can increase crop yield by improving soil structure, reducing soil salinity, and increasing soil nutrients.

[0141] Experimental summary:

[0142] In summary, the results show that the implementation of Group 1 and Group 2 effectively regulated the soil salinization phenomenon of the main cultivated layer. The soil electrical conductivity (EC) of Group 2 (C1N1) decreased the most, and the soil salinity decreased by 15% to 30%. In terms of the growth of oil sunflower, the treatment effect of the two implementation groups was significant, and the root biomass and stem weight were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the aboveground and underground biomass of oil sunflower increased by about 10%. The 100-grain weight of the C1N0 and C1N1 treatment groups increased significantly (P<0.05), among which the per-acre yield of oil sunflower in the C1N1 treatment group was the highest, which was 1.2 times that of the control group.

[0143] In order to alleviate the salinity problem of saline-alkali land, soil irrigation is used to wash and press salt, and drainage measures are used to discharge salt. However, due to the shortage of water resources, the flood irrigation method has the problems of "over-irrigation" and "under-irrigation". The experiment was carried out under temperate continental climate conditions, using two irrigation methods - flood irrigation and drip irrigation, and setting up four fertilization treatments - single fertilizer (F), fertilizer plus straw (FS), fertilizer plus cow dung (FM), and gypsum, biochar, high carbon-based organic fertilizer, fulvic acid, humic acid and improver (FH). The results showed that under drip irrigation conditions, the soil bulk density was significantly reduced, the water content increased, the EC value was significantly reduced, and the SOC and TN contents were significantly increased. Therefore, drip irrigation combined with materials can significantly improve the soil structure of saline-alkali land, increase soil fertility, reduce salinity, and increase crop yields.

[0144] It can be seen from the above experiments that this scheme has multiple functions and significant benefits in the management of saline-alkali land. First, the scheme effectively lowered the groundwater level by digging trenches, filling filter materials and placing permeable concealed pipes in saline-alkali land, reducing the rise of salt to the surface and preventing the salinization of the soil surface. This improved the soil structure, significantly improved the permeability and drainage performance, and thus reduced the phenomenon of soil waterlogging. Secondly, through soil parameter testing, the soil improvement needs were scientifically evaluated. On this basis, the allocation ratio of the modifier was determined, and the modifier was evenly applied in combination with deep plowing and rotary tillage treatment, further enhancing the improvement effect of soil structure. In particular, the application of high-carbon-based organic fertilizers and biochar / nanocarbon significantly improved the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promoted the effective use of fertilizers, and enhanced the growth and development of crops. The combination of rapid fertilization treatment and irrigation measures also played an important role. By applying a variety of fertilizers such as gypsum, biochar, high-carbon organic fertilizer, fulvic acid and humic acid, and using drip irrigation or flood irrigation, the salt in the soil is effectively washed away, the soil conductivity is reduced, and the soil fertility and crop yield are improved. In addition, planting green manure crops and covering plant straw during its growth period not only increases soil organic matter, but also further improves soil structure, reduces soil erosion, and promotes healthy crop growth. The test results show that the soil salinity in the second group (C1N1) has dropped the most, and the per-acre yield of oil sunflower has increased significantly.

[0145] In general, this program can quickly and effectively improve the soil structure of saline-alkali land, increase soil fertility, prevent the rise and accumulation of salt, realize the sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land, and significantly increase crop yields through scientific design and comprehensive application of amendments, combined with deep ploughing, rotary tillage and irrigation and other measures. These multiple effects and significant benefits make this program of great promotion value in saline-alkali land management.

[0146] Soil samples were collected in September. The random sampling method was used to collect soil samples from 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers with a ring cutter, and soil samples from 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm soil layers with a soil drill. Two parallel samples were collected from each plot, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The soil samples collected by the soil drill were passed through a 2 mm soil sieve and air-dried for the determination of basic soil physical and chemical properties.

[0147] Soil bulk density was determined by the ring knife method; soil water content was determined by the drying method; soil pH and EC values ​​were determined by an acidometer and conductivity meter (soil-water ratio 1:5), respectively; SOC and TN contents were determined by a CNS element analyzer. Before SOC determination, the soil sample was acidified with 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid to remove carbonates, washed with deionized water until the pH was neutral, dried and ground through a 0.15 mm soil sieve, and then measured on the machine. C / N is the ratio of SOC to TN.

[0148] The soil SOC storage includes the following calculation methods:

[0149] The soil weight of a soil layer at a specific depth is calculated using the thickness and bulk density of each soil layer, namely:

[0150]

[0151] In the formula, m soil is the soil weight per unit area mg / hm 2 , ρ b Soil bulk density g / cm 3 , d i is the soil thickness in cm, n is the number of layers in the soil layer at a specific depth, and 100 is the unit conversion factor;

[0152] Secondly, the lightest soil weight at a specific depth is selected as the reference mass m ref , calculate the excess soil weight m ex for:

[0153] M ex =M soil -M ref ;

[0154] Finally, calculate the SOC reserve:

[0155]

[0156] In the formula, C SOC is the SOC concentration g / kg, 0.1 is the conversion factor, SOC stock SOC reserves calculated by the equivalent weight method of SOC mg / hm 2 , Csn is the SOC concentration in the deepest soil layer g / kg.

[0157] By calculating the SOC reserves, we can understand the basic shape of the soil based on the calculation results, and provide a good reference direction for adding relevant chemical materials in a targeted manner to improve the soil, which mainly includes the addition ratio of biochar and nanocarbon.

[0158] Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of irrigation and fertilization treatments and their interactions on soil bulk density, water content, pH, EC, SOC and TN content, C / N and sunflower yield in each soil layer. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical properties and sunflower yield under each irrigation method. The least significant difference method (LSD) was used to compare the mean values, and P less than 0.05 was considered significant. The above analyses were completed using SPSS21.0. Fig.19As shown, the partial least squares path model (PLS-P m) was used to analyze the relationship between irrigation methods and fertilization treatments, soil physical and chemical properties and yield using the "plspm" package of R language. The reliability of PLS-P m was evaluated based on the explained variation (R2) and goodness of fit (Goodnessoffit). Drawing and correlation analysis were completed using Origin2021.

[0159] In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the irrigation method significantly affected the SOC content, and the overall performance was that flood irrigation was less than drip irrigation (such as Fig.16 At the same time, the addition of materials increased the SOC content under both flooding and drip irrigation conditions. Specifically, compared with F, the SOC of FS and FH increased significantly by 10.74% and 4.50% under flooding conditions; under drip irrigation conditions, the SOC of FM and FH increased significantly by 5.73% and 13.51%. The TN content was greater under flooding than under drip irrigation (as shown in Fig. Fig.16 (d in the figure). Under flood irrigation, the TN content of FS was 6.11% higher than that of F, but that of FH was 4.17% lower than that of F; under drip irrigation, FM and FH significantly increased the TN content by 14.20% and 8.46% respectively. The C / N ratio under flood irrigation was lower than that under drip irrigation. Under flood irrigation, FH significantly increased the C / N ratio; while under drip irrigation, FM significantly reduced the C / N ratio.

[0160] At a soil depth of 20-40 cm, the SOC content of the flood irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the drip irrigation treatment (e.g. Fig.16 (b) Among them, under flood irrigation, the SOC of FS, FM and FH treatments were significantly higher than that of F treatment, increasing by 27.85%, 11.84% and 8.19%, respectively; under drip irrigation, the SOC of FM and FH increased significantly by 7.28% and 12.00%. In addition, there was no significant difference in TN content between flood irrigation and drip irrigation (P greater than 0.05; as shown in Figure 2). Fig.16 Under flood irrigation, TN of FS and FM increased by 15.98% and 6.07%, respectively, but that of FH decreased by 7.17%. Under drip irrigation, TN of FM and FH increased by 13.62% and 19.52% compared with that of F. The irrigation method did not significantly change the C / N ratio of this soil layer (P greater than 0.05; as shown in Figure 5). Fig.16 (h). Under flood irrigation, the C / N ratios of FS and FH were significantly higher than that of F treatment, but under drip irrigation, there was no significant difference in C / N ratios among the fertilization treatments.

[0161] In the 40-60 cm soil layer, the irrigation method significantly affected the SOC content, with flood irrigation being less than drip irrigation (e.g. Fig.16Under flood irrigation, the SOC of FM, FS and FH increased significantly by 9.35%, 7.50% and 3.83% compared with F; under drip irrigation, only the SOC of FS increased significantly by 4.76% compared with F. The effect of irrigation method on TN content was not significant (as shown in Fig. Fig.16 (f in the figure). Under flood irrigation, only FM had a significant decrease of 14.04% compared with F. Under drip irrigation, the TN content of FS, FM, and FH was lower than that of F, decreasing by 6.11%, 14.55%, and 13.38%, respectively. The effect of irrigation mode on C / N was that flood irrigation was less than drip irrigation (e.g. Fig.16 (as shown in i). Under flood irrigation, the C / N ratio of FM treatment was significantly higher than that of F treatment; while under drip irrigation, the C / N ratio of FS, FM and FH increased significantly by 19.68%, 19.68% and 15.16% respectively compared with that of F.

[0162] In the 0-20 cm soil layer, SOC storage under drip irrigation was higher than that under flood irrigation (e.g. Fig.17 (a). Under flood irrigation, the SOC storage of FS increased significantly by 9.15% compared with that of F; under drip irrigation, the SOC storage of FM and FH increased by 5.69% and 13.00% compared with that of F, respectively. In the 0-40 cm soil profile, there was no significant difference in SOC storage between flood and drip irrigation conditions (P greater than 0.05). Compared with F, the SOC storage of FS, FM and FH increased by 18.62%, 6.48% and 6.00% under flood irrigation, respectively; under drip irrigation, the SOC storage of FM and FH increased by 6.49% and 13.00%, respectively.

[0163] In general, the yield of sunflowers under drip irrigation is significantly higher than that under flood irrigation (e.g. Fig.18 Under flood irrigation, the yields of FS, FM and FH increased significantly by 15.81%, 10.81% and 20.21% compared with F. Under drip irrigation, the yields of FM and FH increased significantly by 16.85% and 21.54% compared with F.

[0164] Specifically, Figures 2 to 11 Shown: Soil improvement equipment includes:

[0165] The main frame 1 includes a main beam 101 as the main support, wherein one end of the main beam 101 is fixedly connected to a connecting seat 104, both ends of the connecting seat 104 are movably connected to a deflection frame 105 through a pin shaft, and one end of the deflection frame 105 is movably connected to a support plate 107 through a pin shaft, and the opposite ends of the two support plates 107 are commonly movably connected to a threaded slide 106 sliding on the surface of the main beam 101, and the surface of the threaded slide 106 is threaded with a threaded rod 108, and the surface of the threaded rod 108 is rotatably provided with a bearing seat 109, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the main beam 101, and the lower surface of the main beam 101 is fixedly connected to a base 102, and both sides of the base 102 are movably connected to a movable beam 103 through a pin shaft.

[0166] A plurality of plow frames 4 are installed on the inner wall of the main frame 1, and a central plow 11 or a side plow 10 is installed on the surface of the corresponding plow frame 4, and an angle adjuster 3 for adjusting the central force or the angle of the side plow 10 is installed on the upper surface of the plow frame 4;

[0167] Among them, three plow frames 4 are arranged at the end of the main beam 101 and fixedly connected to one end of the two deflection frames 105, and the vertical frame 22 includes a cross bracing beam 41 fixed to the main frame 1, wherein the inner wall of the cross bracing beam 41 is movably connected with an angle adjustment plate 42 with adjustable height through a pin shaft, and the bottom end of the angle adjustment plate 42 is fixedly connected with a fixing frame 43 for installing a middle plow blade 11 or a side plow blade 10, and the surface of the angle adjustment plate 42 is movably connected to the top end of the angle adjuster 3, and the angle adjuster 3 is movably connected to the upper surface of the cross bracing beam 41.

[0168] By rotating the threaded rod 108, the threaded rod 108 rotates on the surface of the bearing seat 109, and at the same time, the surface of the threaded rod 108 slides on the surface of the main beam 101 with the thread cooperation with the threaded slide 106. When the threaded slide 106 is displaced, it deflects the support plates 107 on both sides through the pin shaft. At the same time, the support plate 107 rotates with the deflection frame 105 after the inclination angle changes. The deflection frame 105 moves on one side of the connecting seat 104 through the pin shaft. The two deflection parts change in the shape of an "eight" and the spacing between the two side plow cutters 10 changes, and the position of the middle plow cutter 11 remains unchanged, so that the range of the deep plowing process can be slightly adjusted.

[0169] The angle adjuster 3 includes a slide cylinder 31 movably connected to the upper surface of the cross bracing beam 41 through a pin shaft, a rotating screw sleeve 33 is rotatably provided at one end of the slide cylinder 31, a screw rod 32 is passed through the inner wall thread of the rotating screw sleeve 33, and a rotating connecting piece 34 is fixedly connected to the top of the screw rod 32, and the surface of the rotating connecting piece 34 is movably connected to one side of the angle adjustment plate 42 through a pin shaft.

[0170] By rotating the rotating screw sleeve 33, the rotating screw sleeve 33 rotates at one end of the slide cylinder 31, and its inner wall thread is matched with the surface of the screw rod 32, so that the screw rod 32 can be moved by the action of the thread when rotating. When the screw rod 32 moves, the angle adjustment plate 42 is deflected through the rotating connecting piece 34. When the angle adjustment plate is deflected, the side plow 10 and the middle plow 11 are tilted and changed in height through the fixed frame 43 to realize ploughing operations at different depths.

[0171] The rotary tillage hanger 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the main frame 1, and one side of the rotary tillage hanger 8 is fixedly connected to an end support frame 9 for supporting it;

[0172] The rotary tillage hanger 8 includes a traction seat 82 fixed to one end of the tail lifting structure, and two fixed seats 83 are fixed below the traction seat 82, and the two fixed seats 83 are fixedly connected to one end of the movable beam 103. The traction seat 82 and the two fixed seats 83 jointly fix a transmission bridge 81, wherein both sides of the transmission bridge 81 are provided with side covers 85 for transferring the transmission shaft sleeve 86, wherein a crushing shaft 88 is provided below the transmission shaft sleeve 86, and the crushing shaft 88 and one end of the transmission shaft sleeve 86 are jointly provided with a synchronous pulley group 87 for transmission cooperation therewith. When the driver 7 drives the transmission bridge 81 to rotate, the transmission bridge 81 rotates with the power shaft in the transmission shaft sleeve 86 through the reversing coupling in the side covers 85 on both sides, and the power shaft rotates with the crushing shaft 88 through the pulley group in the transmission shaft sleeve 86, so that the crushing knife 89 on the surface of the crushing shaft 88 refines and levels the soil.

[0173] The diffuser 6 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main frame 1, and the diffuser 6 is used for evenly scattering the improver.

[0174] The diffuser 6 includes a flywheel 62 that is in driving cooperation with one end of the driver 7. One end of the flywheel 62 is provided with a shaft frame 67 through a bearing for rotation. The shaft frame 67 is fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the two movable beams 103. The flywheel 62 rotates on the inner wall of the two-way dispersion cover 61. A material guide cover 66 is fixedly connected to one side of the two-way dispersion cover 61. A feed port 63 is provided on one side of the flywheel 62. A plurality of centrifugal inclined holes 64 are provided on the arc-shaped side wall of the flywheel 62. A plurality of directional dispersion holes 65 are provided in a fan shape on the upper and lower sides of the two-way dispersion cover 61. When the wind wheel rotates, the improver is moved by the centrifugal inclined holes 64. It is dispersed around and thrown out through the directional dispersion holes 65 on the upper and lower sides in the two-way dispersion cover 61, wherein the diffuser 6 is tilted as a whole and is located between the side plowshare 10 and the rotary tillage hanger 8. The dispersion holes at the bottom are fan-shaped to sprinkle the improver on the surface of the saline-alkali land plow layer that has just been deep plowed by the middle plowshare 11 and the two side plowshares 10, completing a uniform application of the improver. At the same time, the dispersion holes at the top are fan-shaped to sprinkle the improver upward, so that it passes over the rotary tillage hanger 8 in a parabola and obliquely upward. After the rotary tillage hanger 8 levels the ground, its improver completes a second uniform application of the improver.

[0175] Two liquid distribution bins 12 are fixedly connected to the surface of the main frame 1, and a material storage bin 14 is fixedly connected to the opposite surface of the two liquid distribution bins 12. The material storage bin 14 and the two liquid distribution bins 12 are connected to the diffuser 6 through the feeder 5;

[0176] The liquid distribution bin 12 includes two liquid distribution bins 12 fixed on the upper surface of the movable beam 103, and a storage bin 14 is fixed between the two liquid distribution bins 12, wherein a material rack 13 is arranged on the upper surface of the liquid distribution bin 12, wherein the feeder 5 includes a confluence pipe 52 connected with the two liquid distribution bins 12, and a vertical material pipe 53 and a confluence cover 51 are arranged on the surface of the confluence pipe 52, and the confluence cover 51 is fixedly connected with the material guide cover 66, and the vertical material pipe 53 is connected with the storage bin 14, and a material control valve 54 is arranged on the surface of the vertical material pipe 53, wherein when in use, by passing polyacrylamide (C3 A mixture of h5NO)n, humic acid, nanocarbon and calcium oxide is added to the liquid distribution bin 12 or the storage bin 14. There is a water source in the liquid distribution bin 12. According to the actual needs of the soil, other chemical improvement agents are added. Those soluble in water are added to the liquid distribution bin 12, and those insoluble in water are added to the storage bin 14. The relevant chemical improvement agents are evenly mixed in the liquid distribution bin 12, enter the confluence cover 51 through the confluence pipe 52, and are dispersed under the action of the diffuser 6. At the same time, the storage bin 14 controls the falling speed through the control valve 54, and can be mixed with water in the confluence pipe 52 or directly enter the confluence cover 51 in the form of particles or powder. In this process, the rotation of the flywheel 62 will generate a suction force to complete the uniform attraction of the improver.

[0177] In summary, this scheme can achieve deep plowing and rotary tillage treatment of the ground through this type of method, and at the same time carry out the primary and secondary coordinated injection of the improver. The overall operation efficiency is high, the processing speed is fast, it is highly specific for saline-alkali land treatment, and it can improve the saline-alkali land arable layer with a better field structure.

[0178] The driver 7 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotary tillage hanger 8 , and the driver 7 is used to drive the rotary tillage hanger 8 and the diffuser 6 .

[0179] The driver 7 includes a reduction motor 71, and motor frames 72 are fixedly connected on both sides of the reduction motor 71. The motor frames 72 are fixed on opposite sides of the two movable beams 103, wherein the two output shafts of the reduction motor 71 respectively drive the transmission bridge 81 and the universal coupling 74, wherein the other end of the universal coupling 74 is fixedly connected to one end of the flywheel 62.

[0180] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown: a tail lifting structure is installed on the upper surface of the main frame 1, and the tail lifting structure is used to adjust the height of the rotary tillage hanger 8 from the ground.

[0181] The tail lifting structure includes a stand 22 movably connected to the upper surface of the bearing seat 109 through a pin shaft, one end of the stand 22 is movably connected to a hydraulic pull rod 23 through a pin shaft, the bottom end of the hydraulic pull rod 23 is movably connected to the upper surface of the connecting seat 104 through a pin shaft, and the other end of the stand 22 is movably connected to the inner wall of the traction seat 82 through a pin shaft. The tail lifting structure includes a tripod 21 fixed to the surface of the stand 22.

[0182] When the hydraulic pull rod 23 is extended or retracted, the deflection angle of the frame 22 can be controlled. When the frame 22 is deflected, the height of the traction seat 82 is controlled. When the overall height of the rotary tillage hanger 8 changes, the movable beam 103 is deflected to achieve stable lifting control of the rotary tillage hanger 8.

[0183] While lifting, the end support frame 9 contracts and extends through the hydraulic push rod 92. The hydraulic push rod 92 can slide the lifting frame 93 on the inner wall of the guide slide 91, so that the end roller 94 thereof rises and falls accordingly, and can provide support when matching the rotary tillage hanger 8 at different heights.

[0184] The front rollers 15 and the end rollers 94 enable the overall support and movement rolling to be achieved.

[0185] From the above content, it can be known that this program combines the targeted optimization and transformation of the saline-alkali land plow layer structure with chemical treatment and rapid fertilization treatment to achieve crop planting after the transformation of the saline-alkali land plow layer. At the same time, the use of targeted soil improvement equipment through clever design and multiple functions can efficiently carry out deep plowing and rotary tillage treatment of saline-alkali land, as well as uniform application of improvers, to achieve comprehensive improvement of the saline-alkali land plow layer.

[0186] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly improving the soil structure of saline-alkali land arable layer, characterized in that: Includes the following methods: Dig several trenches with a depth of 60-120cm in the saline-alkali land, and set the bottom of the trench with a slope of 0.1% to 0.4% in the drainage direction; The bottom of the trench is filled with 10-20 cm of filter material, and a permeable concealed pipe with a diameter ranging from 20-70 cm is placed on the filter material, and the trench is further filled with the filter material to a depth of 30-40 cm; Fill the trench with saline-alkali arable soil; Sampling was carried out on the saline-alkali land arable layer, and the soil bulk density, soil layer thickness, soil moisture content, soil pH, EC value, SOC and TN content of the samples were measured. Finally, the SOC reserve of the soil was calculated to obtain the comprehensive nutrient information of the saline-alkali land arable layer. Customized improvement plans for determining amendments through comprehensive nutrient information; Deeply till the land with soil improvement equipment and evenly apply the improver once, and evenly apply the improver twice during rotary tillage; Rapidly fertilize the soil and irrigate the soil.

2. The method for rapidly improving the soil structure of the cultivated layer of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter material includes gravel and crushed stone, the surface of the permeable concealed pipe is covered with synthetic fiber filter cloth, and the distance between adjacent grooves ranges from 8 to 35 meters.

3. The method for rapidly improving the soil structure of the cultivated layer of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil SOC storage includes the following calculation methods: The soil weight of a soil layer at a specific depth is calculated using the thickness and bulk density of each soil layer, namely: In the formula, m soil is the soil weight per unit area mg / hm 2 ; ρ b Soil bulk density g / cm 3 ;d i is the soil thickness in cm; n is the number of layers in the soil layer at a specific depth; 100 is the unit conversion factor; Secondly, the lightest soil weight at a specific depth is selected as the reference mass m ref , calculate the excess soil weight m ex for: M ex =M soil -M ref ; Finally, calculate the SOC reserve: In the formula, C SOC is the SOC concentration g / kg, 0.1 is the conversion factor; SOC stock SOC reserves calculated by the equivalent weight method of SOC mg / hm 2 ; C sn is the SOC concentration in the deepest soil layer g / kg.

4. The method for rapidly improving the soil structure of the saline-alkali land arable layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The improver comprises polyacrylamide, fulvic acid, nano carbon, calcium oxide and water.

5. The method for rapidly improving the soil structure of the cultivated layer of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rapid fertilization process comprises the following steps: After rotary tillage and soil irrigation in saline-alkali land, gypsum, biochar, high-carbon-based organic fertilizer, fulvic acid and humic acid are evenly applied as fertilizers; When the land is deep-ploughed and rotary-tilled again by the soil improvement equipment, the improver is evenly added again; Green manure crops are planted in the arable layer of saline-alkali land, and covered with plant straw during the growing season and turned into the soil.

6. The method for rapidly improving the soil structure of the saline-alkali land arable layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil improvement equipment comprises: Main frame (1); A plurality of plow frames (4) are installed on the inner wall of the main frame (1), a middle plow (11) or a side plow (10) is installed on the surface of the corresponding plow frame (4), and an angle adjuster (3) for adjusting the middle force or the angle of the side plow (10) is installed on the upper surface of the plow frame (4); Rotary tillage hanging part (8); The rotary tillage hanger (8) is fixedly connected to one side of the main frame (1), and one side of the rotary tillage hanger (8) is fixedly connected to an end support frame (9) for supporting it; Diffuser (6); The diffuser (6) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main frame (1), and the diffuser (6) is used for evenly scattering the improver; Two liquid distribution bins (12) are fixedly connected to the surface of the main frame (1), and a material storage bin (14) is fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the two liquid distribution bins (12), and the material storage bin (14) and the two liquid distribution bins (12) are both connected to the diffuser (6) through a feeder (5); Driver (7); The driver (7) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotary tillage hanger (8), and the driver (7) is used to drive the rotary tillage hanger (8) and the diffuser (6); The upper surface of the liquid distribution bin (12) is fixedly connected to a material rack (13), and the lower surface of the main frame (1) is provided with a front roller (15).

7. A method for rapidly improving soil structure in saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: A tail lifting structure (2) is installed on the upper surface of the main frame (1), and the tail lifting structure (2) is used to adjust the height of the rotary tillage hanging part (8) above the ground.

8. The method for rapidly improving the soil structure of the saline-alkali land arable layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling of the saline-alkali land arable layer includes random sampling; Soil bulk density includes determination by the ring knife method; Soil moisture content includes oven-drying measurement; Soil pH and EC values ​​were measured using an acidometer and conductivity meter, respectively, at a soil-water ratio of 1:5; SOC and TN contents were determined using a CNS element analyzer; Before SOC determination, the soil sample needs to be acidified with 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid to remove carbonates, washed with deionized water until the pH reaches neutral, dried and ground through a 0.15 mm soil sieve, and then measured on the machine.

9. The method for rapidly improving the soil structure of the cultivated layer of saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil irrigation includes drip irrigation and flood irrigation.

10. The method for rapidly improving the soil structure of the saline-alkali land arable layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The customized improvement plan includes the basic properties of soil, the impact of soil structure on water and salt migration, and the relationship between soil structure and nutrients and microorganisms to determine the composition and mixing ratio of the improver.

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