6685 results about "Saline water" patented technology

Desalination methods that include carbonate compound precipitation are provided. In certain embodiments, feed water is subjected to carbonate compound precipitation conditions prior to desalination. In certain embodiments, desalination waste brine is subjected to carbonate compound precipitation conditions. In yet other embodiments, both feed water and waste brine are subjected to carbonate compound precipitation conditions. Aspects of embodiments of the invention include carbone dioxide sequestration. Embodiments of the invention further employ a precipitate product of the carbonate compound precipitation conditions as a building material, e.g., a cement. Also provided are systems configured for use in methods of the invention.

A desalination process is disclosed which combining two or more substantially different water treatment processes in a unique manner to desalinate saline water, especially sea water, to produce a high yield of high quality fresh water, including potable water, at an energy consumption equivalent to or less than much less efficient prior art desalination processes. In this process a nanofiltration step is synergistically combined with at least one of sea water reverse osmosis, multistage flash distillation. multieffect distillation of vapor compression distillation to provide an integrated desalination system by which sea water can be efficiently and economically converted to high quality potable water in yields which are at least 70%-80% greater than the yields available from the prior art processes. Typically a process of this invention using the nanofiltration initial step will produce, with respect to sea water feed properties, calcium, magnesium, sulfate and bicarbonate ion content reductions of 63%-94%, pH decreases of about 0.4-0.5 units and total dissolved solids content reductions of 35%-50%.

The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for extracting carbon dioxide (CO₂) from a fluid stream and for delivering that extracted CO₂ to controlled environments for utilization by a secondary process. Various extraction and delivery methods are disclosed specific to certain secondary uses, included the attraction of CO2-sensitive insects, the ripening and preservation of produce, and the neutralization of brine.

Xanthan gels hydratable in brine, methods of making these xanthan gels, and methods of using these compositions in subterranean formation applications, such as gravel packing, are provided herein.

Methods are disclosed to de-sulfate saline streams such as seawater, brine from seawater desalination plants, and the like. The disclosed methods can also co-produce de-ionized water and inorganic materials from such de-sulfated saline streams.

Disclosed is a dispensing and injection system for radiopharmaceuticals, wherein a dosage calibrator is arranged inside a radiation-shielded hermetic chamber for detecting the radioactivity of radiopharmaceuticals contained in a vial. At least one saline water cartridge is arranged inside the casing and includes an internal passage, radiopharmaceuticals discharge end, a radiopharmaceuticals injection end, a and saline water reservoir outlet end. The saline water cartridge forms a saline water reservoir. A movable dispensing and injection mechanism controls radiopharmaceuticals dispensing operation of a syringe and controls movement of the syringe between a radiopharmaceuticals dispensing position and an injection position. When the movable dispensing and injection mechanism moves the syringe to the radiopharmaceuticals dispensing position, the syringe withdraws a predetermined amount of radiopharmaceuticals from the vial. When moved to the injection position, the syringe injects the withdrawn radiopharmaceuticals into the radiopharmaceuticals injection end of the saline water cartridge. After the radiopharmaceuticals is injected into a patient, the saline water stored in the saline water reservoir of the saline water cartridge is withdrawn for effecting flushing process.

A process for purification of fluids, for example, desalination of seawater or brackish water, using organic solutes in a concentrated water solution for use in a forward osmosis process, to extract fresh water out of salt water through the forward osmosis membrane, and subsequently separating the organic solutes out of the diluted forward osmosis permeate by cloud point extraction, thereby regenerating a concentrated organic solution for recycling to the forward osmosis process, and fresh water for potable water use.

The present invention relates to the development of tracer fluids, more generally, that of aqueous liquids, intended to be injected under pressure in an oil reservoir, for example from an injection well up to a production well.

The object of the invention is to propose a new method of study of a solid medium, i.e. an oil reservoir, by diffusion of a liquid (i.e. injection waters) containing tracers, through said solid medium, which is simple to implement and economical and which remedies the drawbacks of the known tracers for injection waters of oil reservoirs.

This method essentially consisting of injecting, in this solid medium, an injection liquid comprising a nanoparticle-based tracer having average dimensions comprised between 20 and 200 nm, detectable by means of one or several S signals at dilutions of less than or equal to 10⁻⁷, adapted to form a stable colloidal suspension in a saline medium, at least a portion of which is constituted of a core and a coating provided with an adjustable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and comprising at least one organic and/or organosilicon component; recovering the liquid having diffused; and analyzing this liquid having diffused to measure the quantity of tracer by detection of the signal or signals S.

Sodium chloride and purified water are recovered by treating salt water that contains sodium chloride with an integrated reverse osmosis and electrodialysis system, which includes an efficiency-enhancing feature that is one or more of the following: the use of univalent anion and univalent cation selective membranes in the electrodialysis unit; the addition of a nanofiltration unit to process the diluate from the electrodialysis unit; or operation of the electrodialysis unit at an elevated pressure. Magnesium and bromine can optionally be produced when the salt water contains these materials.

The invention relates to a desalination method and system that uses freeze crystallization technology that incorporates the use of compressed air energy as the source for freezing temperatures. When compressed air is released by a turbo expander, chilled air is produced as a by-product, wherein the chilled air is introduced into a crystallization chamber. Also injected into the chamber is a spray cloud of seawater droplets, which has been pre-chilled by heat exchange with the cold chamber walls, and which is then circulated and exposed to the chilled air in the chamber. The sizes of the droplets can vary, but are preferably predetermined, along with the relative temperatures, flows and speeds of the spray and chilled air, such that when the droplets are circulated within the chilled air, and settle at the bottom of the chamber, they are deposited at slightly above the eutectic temperature. This way, the ice/snow mass that forms at the bottom of the chamber will consist of frozen ice crystals, and a residue of salt water brine, which can runoff from the mass, either from the sides, or through any voids or channels that may form within the mass.

A method and apparatus for electrolytically producing oxidation reduction potential water from aqueous salt solutions for use in disinfection, sterilization, decontamination, wound cleansing. The apparatus includes an electrolysis unit having a three-compartment cell (22) comprising a cathode chamber (18), an anode chamber (16), and a saline solution chamber (20) interposed between the anode and cathod chambers. Two communicating (24, 26) membranes separate the three chambers. The center chamber includes a fluid flow inlet (21a) and outlet (21b) and contains insulative material that ensures direct voltage potential does not travel through the chamber. A supply of water flows through the cathode and anode chambers at the respective sides of the saline chamber. Saline solution flows through the center chamber, either by circulating a pre-prepared aqueous solution containing ionic species, or, alternatively, by circulating pure water or an aqueous solution of, e.g., aqueous hydrogen chloride and ammonium hydroxide, over particulate insulative material coated with a solid electrolyte. Electrical current is provided to the communicating membranes separating the chambers, thus causing an electrolytic reaction that produces both oxidative (positive) and reductive (negative) ORP water.

Aspects of the invention include methods of contacting carbon dioxide with an aqueous mixture. In practicing methods according to certain embodiments, a subterranean brine may be contacted with carbon dioxide to produce a reaction product, which may or may not be further processed as desired. Also provided are methods in which a brine or minerals are contacted with an aqueous composition. Aspects of the invention further include compositions produced by methods of the invention as well as systems for practicing methods of the invention.

A process and an apparatus are described for treating seven types of saline waters each having a concentration of total dissolved solids exceeding 1 g/L, wherein the concentration of total dissolved solids, the ratio of the chloride ion concentration to the bicarbonate ion concentration and the ratio of the chloride ion concentration to the sulphate ion concentration of each of the water types are as indicated in Table 1. The process includes the steps of contacting the water with a first reagent comprising a source of calcium ions selected from calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide to form a first solid product which is recovered. The process includes a further step of subjecting at least a portion of the partially processed water to at least partial evaporation so as to promote the formation of a precipitate and a mother liquor. The precipitate is recovered as a second product.

The invention produces polyethylene alcohol hydrogel dressing containing medicine and chitosan with 60Co gamma-radial or high energy electron beam radial cross linking. Additional, adds in some humectant, plasticizer, medicine, the solvent is the secondary distilled water, physiological saline or phosphate neutral buffer liquid. The product can release medicine slowly and has natural amylose chitosan with biology sterilization activity, it has active sterilization function, at the same time, it has high water quantity, and good water reserving performance, the mechanical intensity is moderate, and the light penetration and air penetration are excellent. It can accord the demands for curing each kind of wound. It can used as the permanent dressing for light skin injuries, and it also can be applied to the temporally close of severe skin organization wound or burn wound.

A particulate water absorbing agent of the present invention includes a water absorbent resin, having a cross-linking structure, whose surface has been cross-linked by adding a surface treatment agent, wherein: (i) a mass average particle diameter (D50) ranges from 200 to 600 μm and 95 to 100 wt % of a particulate water absorbing agent whose particle diameter ranges from less than 850 μm to not less than 150 μm is contained with respect to 100 wt % of whole the particulate water absorbing agent, and (ii) a logarithmic standard deviation (σζ) of particle size distribution ranges from 0.25 to 0.45, and (iii) a compressibility rate defined by a following equation ranges from 0 to 18%, and (iv) a surface tension of a supernatant liquid obtained in 4 minutes after dispersing 0.5 g of the particulate water absorbing agent in 50 ml of physiological saline whose temperature is 20° C. is 55 mN/m or more,

the compressibility rate (%)=(P−A)/P×100

where P represents a tapped bulk density of the particulate water absorbing agent and A represents a loose bulk density of the particulate water absorbing agent.

It has been discovered that fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their viscosities reduced (gels broken) by the direct or indirect action of a biochemical agent, such as bacteria, fungi, and/or enzymes. The biochemical agent may directly attack the VES itself, or some other component in the fluid that produces a by-product that then causes viscosity reduction. The biochemical agent may disaggregate or otherwise attack the micellar structure of the VES-gelled fluid. The biochemical agent may produce an enzyme that reduces viscosity by one of these mechanisms. A single biochemical agent may operate simultaneously by two different mechanisms, such as by degrading the VES directly, as well as another component, such as a glycol, the latter mechanism in turn producing a by-product (e.g. an alcohol) that causes viscosity reduction. Alternatively, two or more different biochemical agents may be used simultaneously. In a specific, non-limiting instance, a brine fluid gelled with an amine oxide surfactant can have its viscosity broken with bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the like.

Disclosed is an improved method for the remineralization of process water in a desalination system. The method sequesters carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) from seawater or concentrate (brine) of desalination process via a gas transfer membrane. The sequestered carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is thereafter used in the production of soluble calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO₃)₂). The calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO₃)₂) adds hardness and alkalinity to the resulting process water.

A method and system for the inland aquaculture of marine species using water from a saline aquifer having a heavy metals content within the acceptable limits of the EPA guidelines for drinking water. The aquifer is preferably the Coconino aquifer located in Arizona and New Mexico. The system can be used to culture microalgae, macroalgae, fish, shrimp and many other marine species. Nutrients and fertilizers can be added to the water to optimize culture conditions for particular species. Useful products can be isolated from the marine species or the cultured marine species can be harvested as useful products themselves.

Methods are disclosed for the selective separation of sulfate from a saline stream such as seawater to produce nearly sulfate-free saline stream for oil-fields water injection operations. The separated sulfate in the form of gypsum from the treated saline stream can be used in different applications.

A desalination plant for treating a sea water or brackish water feed is provided. The desalination plant includes a first treatment section to effectively remove scaling species, the first treatment section including nanofiltration section, the nanofiltration section including at least two stages and at least two passes; and a reverse osmosis section that operates at high recovery to produce a purified permeate stream and a selectively NaCl salt-enriched reject stream as a saline output.

A jack up work platform is recited. The work platform comprises a hovercraft vessel outfitted with several jack up legs. The hovercraft can traverse environmentally sensitive terrain such a brackish and freshwater marshes without the need to dig canals that may cause or exacerbate salt water intrusion. Once the drilling or exploration site is reached, the jack up legs may be lowered, lifting the work platform above the surface. Once the vessel is secured on the legs, it may be used like a conventional oil field work platform for drilling, exploration, or construction jobs for which other work platforms or vessels are typically used. The deck of the hovercraft may serve as the work platform or the deck may be provided with a cantilevered work platform extension. The hovercraft will preferably be provided with typical oil field heavy machinery such as a crane for assembly of the legs, and drill stem as well as for work on other structures.