3532results about How to "Avoid degradation" patented technology

An exemplary semiconductor processing system may include a processing chamber and a first plasma source. The first plasma source may utilize a first electrode positioned externally to the processing chamber, and the first plasma source may be configured to generate a first plasma. The processing system may further comprise a second plasma source separate from the first plasma source that utilizes a second electrode separate from the first electrode. The second electrode may be positioned externally to the processing chamber, and the second plasma source may be configured to generate a second plasma within the processing chamber. The processing system may further comprise a showerhead disposed between the relative locations of the first plasma electrode and the second plasma electrode.

The present invention relates to the design and synthesis of homogeneous A-L-P constructs, which contain a hepatic ligand to direct an oligomer or “payload” to a hepatocyte intracellularly via a receptor-mediated, ligand-directed pathway.

There are provided a sealing insulating film that is formed on a substrate and melted at a first heating temperature to have a flowability, and external terminals that are formed on the substrate, and connected to other electronic device at a second heating temperature higher than the first heating temperature, and surrounded by the sealing insulating film.

An apparatus is described for assessing plant status using biophysical and biochemical properties of the plant remotely sensed by the invention thereby allowing selective monitoring, elimination or treatment of individual plants. In a preferred embodiment, a single polychromatic emitter provides coincident light beams; one beam substantially in the visible portion of the spectrum (400 nm to 700 nm) and the other in the near infrared (NIR) portion of the spectrum (700 nm to 1100 nm). This light beam illuminates a small surface area on the ground, which may be bare ground, desired plants or undesired weeds. The beam of light may be focused, collimated or non-focused. A detector array, usually composed of a visible detector and a NIR detector, detects portions of this polychromatic light beam reflected by the surface area and provides a signal indicative of whether the detected light was reflected by a plant or by some non-plant object such as soil. A controller analyzes this signal and, assuming a plant is detected, responds by activating a device to take some action with respect to the plant or stores the analyzed signal with corresponding DGPS position in the controller's memory for later analysis. A number of actions may be taken by the controller. For instance, if the plant is a weed, the desired action might be to spray herbicide on the weed. Or, if the plant is a crop that is determined to be lacking in nutrient, the desired action may be to apply fertilizer. Additionally, if the plant under test is a turf landscape, such as found on golf courses and sporting fields, plant biomass may be mapped and geo-located using GPS for later, comparative analysis.

A tire monitoring system providing tire status and notifying or warning the vehicle operator of early detection of imminent tire failure and performance degradation; thus improving safety by preventing blowouts from occurring, lengthening tire life by encouraging preventive maintenance, and improving fuel mileage by encouraging the operator to fill the tire to its proper pressure or repair it. The system monitors temperature of the rim of the wheel to which the tire is attached, such temperature being transmitted to the vehicle operator or other interested parties via means such as radio frequency.

An electrostatic adsorption layer, an electrode layer, and an insulating layer are provided in a lower portion of a focus ring disposed in an outer periphery of a substrate stage. A high frequency bias is applied to the focus ring by applying a high frequency electric power to the electrode layer. Further, the focus ring is electrostatically chucked to the electrostatic chucking layer and a heat transfer gas is provided between the focus ring and the electrostatic adsorption layer. Thus, the focus ring can be cooled and the temperature of the focus ring is controlled to a predetermined value. With this structure, an etching characteristic at a wafer edge portion can be maintained favorably for a long time. Also, a yield rate at the edge portion can be favorably maintained for a long time, a wet period can be prolonged, and the device operation rate can be improved.

An engine stop and start control system for securing a normal line pressure in a hydraulic circuit of the transmission. The system has an engine as a power source for driving the vehicle; a transmission; a mechanical oil pump, operated by the power produced by the engine, for supplying oil pressure to the transmission; an automatic engine stopping and starting section for automatically stopping the engine under predetermined stopping conditions and automatically starting the engine under predetermined starting conditions; and an electric oil pump operated when the predetermined stopping conditions are satisfied, so as to supply the oil pressure to the transmission. The automatic engine stopping and starting section has a control section for prohibiting the automatic engine stop when the line pressure in a hydraulic circuit for supplying oil pressure to the transmission is equal to or lower than a predetermined value while the engine is operated.

This invention generally relates to cationic oil-in-water emulsions that can be used to deliver negatively charged molecules, such as an RNA molecule. The emulsion particles comprise an oil core and a cationic lipid. The cationic lipid can interact with the negatively charged molecule thereby anchoring the molecule to the emulsion particles. The cationic emulsions described herein are particularly suitable for delivering nucleic acid molecules (such as an RNA molecule encoding an antigen) to cells and formulating nucleic acid-based vaccines.

Compositions, systems and related methods for delivering a supercharged protein or a complex of a supercharged protein and therapeutic agent (e g, nucleic acid, peptide, small molecule) to cells are disclosed. Superpositively charged proteins may be associated with nucleic acids (which typically have a net negative charge) via electrostatic interactions. The systems and methods may involve altering the primary sequence of a protein in order to “supercharge” the protein (e g, to generate a superpositively-charged protein). The compositions may be used to treat proliferative diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inborn errors in metabolism, genetic diseases, etc.

The present invention relates to a method and composition for generating an artificial intron and its components capable of producing microRNA (miRNA) molecules and thus inducing specific gene silencing effects through intracellular RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms, and the relative utilization thereof. The miRNA-producing intron so generated is not only useful for delivering desired miRNA function into the intron-mediated transgenic organisms or cells but also useful for suppressing unwanted gene function in the transgenic organisms or cells thereof. Furthermore, the derivative products of this novel man-made miRNA-producing intron have utilities in probing gene functions, validating drug targets, generating transgenic animals and gene-modified plants, developing anti-viral vaccines and treating as well preventing gene-related diseases (gene therapy).

An image display device includes switches directly connected a constant current source to a self-luminous element to be able to detect a characteristic of the self-luminous element, generate a coordinates and convert information of the characteristic and coordinates into a system communication signal, transferring an input with a temperature variation to a system side.

An elastomeric laminate and an elastomeric film are provided. The elastomeric film can be a monolayer elastomeric film or a multilayer elastomeric film, wherein the monolayer elastomeric film includes an olefin-based elastomeric polymer and an effective polymer, and the multilayer elastomeric film when used as an alternative includes a first elastomeric member layer, and a second elastomeric member layer. The first elastomeric member layer includes at least one olefin-based elastomeric polymer, and at least one first draw down polymer. The second elastomeric member layer includes at least one elastomeric polymer and at least one second draw down polymer. The monolayer elastomeric film or the multilayer elastomeric film, and the elastic carrier are laminated together to form the elastomeric laminate.

An organic light emitting display device that is capable of preventing the permeation of moisture by changing a sealing structure, thereby preventing the degradation of pixels and thus improving look-and-feel characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The organic light emitting display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate being opposite to each other, the first substrate and the second substrate having a display region defined in the middle thereof and a non-display region defined at the edge thereof, respectively, a plurality of gate lines and data lines formed at the display region on the first substrate, the gate lines and the data lines crossing each other to define a pixel region, a thin film transistor formed at each of the intersections between the gate lines and data lines, an organic light emitting layer formed on the second substrate corresponding to the pixel region, and first and second electrodes located above and below the organic light emitting layer and a sealing structure connected between the first and second substrates, such that the first and second substrates are bonded to each other by the sealing structure, for preventing the permeation of moisture and gas.

The present invention provides novel compositions for the delivery of a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist across the oral mucosa. In particular, the buffer system in the compositions of the present invention raises the pH of saliva to a pH greater than about 9.9, thereby facilitating the substantially complete conversion of the 5-HT agonist from its ionized to its unionized form. As a result, the dose of 5-HT agonist is rapidly and efficiently absorbed by the oral mucosa. Furthermore, delivery of the 5-HT agonist across the oral mucosa advantageously bypasses hepatic first pass metabolism of the drug and avoids enzymatic degradation of the drug within the gastrointestinal tract. Methods for using the compositions of the present invention for treating migraines are also provided.

Disclosed are compositions for collecting, storing, and transporting populations of nucleic acids from biological specimens, and clinical, forensic, or environmental samples. Also disclosed are methods for using these compositions as one-step formulations for killing pathogens, inactivating nucleases, and releasing polynucleotides from other cellular components within the sample, and stabilizing the nucleic acids prior to further processing or assay. In particular embodiments, the invention provides a single, one-step, sample collection/transport/storage formulation containing a known quantity of a non-genomic, nucleic acid carrier molecule that serves as an internal reference control to monitor the fidelity of the collection/transportation medium, and measure the integrity of nucleic acids subsequently isolated and purified from the processed sample.

White LED device 20 includes LED chip 13 mounted on substrate 1 made of metal, sealing resin 11 that seals LED chip 13; and glass member 12 formed on sealing resin 11. Glass member 12 contains phosphor 22 and thermal conductivity of sealing resin 11 is lower than that of glass member 12.

By using the leakage of an RF signal, transmitted power is controlled without using a signal distributor such as a directional coupler. The RF signal is leaked due to a parasitic capacitance between the source (or drain) terminal and the gate terminal of an FET constituting a transmission-side FET switching circuit of an RF switching circuit.