1465 results about "Depolymerization" patented technology

Processes for conversion of lignin to liquid products such as bio-fuels and fuel additives are disclosed and described. A process for conversion of a lignin material to bio-fuels can include subjecting the lignin material to a base catalyzed depolymerization reaction to produce a partially depolymerized lignin. The partially depolymerized lignin can then be subjected to a stabilization/partial hydrodeoxygenation reaction to form a partially hydrodeoxygenated product. Following partial hydrodeoxygenation, the partially hydrodeoxygenated product can be reacted in a hydroprocessing step to form a bio-fuel. Each of these reaction steps can be performed in single or multiple steps, depending on the design of the process. The production of an intermediate partially hydrodeoxygenation product and subsequent reaction thereof can significantly reduce or eliminate reactor plugging and catalyst coking. A variety of useful bio-fuels such as fuels, fuel additives, and the like, including gasoline and jet or rocket fuels are describe which can be readily produced from renewable lignin materials in an improved conversion process.

Processes are disclosed using the depolymerization of a nucleic acid hybrid and incorporation of a suitable nucleotide to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze for the presence of predetermined nucleic acid target sequences. Applications of those processes include the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms, identification of single base changes, genotyping, medical marker diagnostics, mirosequencing, and.

A high-yield process for converting lignin into reformulated, partially oxygenated gasoline compositions of high quality is provided. The process is a two-stage catalytic reaction process that produces a reformulated, partially oxygenated gasoline product with a controlled amount of aromatics. In the first stage of the process, a lignin feed material is subjected to a base-catalyzed depolymerization reaction, followed by a selective hydrocracking reaction which utilizes a superacid catalyst to produce a high oxygen-content depolymerized lignin product mainly composed of alkylated phenols, alkylated alkoxyphenols, and alkylbenzenes. In the second stage of the process, the depolymerized lignin product is subjected to an exhaustive etherification reaction, optionally followed by a partial ring hydrogenation reaction, to produce a reformulated, partially oxygenated/etherified gasoline product, which includes a mixture of substituted phenyl/methyl ethers, cycloalkyl methyl ethers, C7-C10 alkylbenzenes, C6-C10 branched and multibranched paraffins, and alkylated and polyalkylated cycloalkanes.

The present invention relates to the conversion of waste and low-value materials into useful products in reliable purities in a cost-effective and energy-efficient manner. More specifially, the invention provides processes that can handle mixed streams of various feedstocks, e.g. shredder residue, offal, animal manures, municipal sewage sludge, tires, and plastics, that otherwise have little commercial value, to useful products including gas, oil, specialty chemicals, and carbon solids. The process subjects the feedstock to heat and pressure, separates out various components, then further applies heat and pressure to one or more of those components, according to processes based on thermal or catalytic cracking. The invention further comprises an apparatus for performing a multi-stage process of converting waste materials into useful materials, and at least one oil product that arises from the process. Useful products can also be obtained or derived from materials diverted at different points of the process.

A method of depolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate, and a method of manufacturing a polyester resin. When heating, melting and depolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate to be recycled, the heating, melting and depolymerization reaction of the polyethylene terephthalate to be recycled are carried out all at once using one or a plurality of extruders or using an extruder and a reactor provided at an outlet of the extruder. When manufacturing a polyester resin, the reactants are irradiated with microwaves, thus promoting the heating of the reactants, and promoting the esterification reaction.

A preparation method of a polyester particle dispersion includes: under predetermined depolymerization conditions, mixing a polyester binder resin, a resin dissolvent and a polycondensation catalyst to depolymerize the polyester resin and form a first reaction mixture; adding a first monomer to the first reaction mixture to form a second reaction mixture; under predetermined polymerization conditions, adding a second monomer to the second reaction mixture to polymerize the depolymerized polyester resin and form a third reaction mixture; adding a neutralizing agent to neutralize the polymerized reaction product of the third reaction mixture; (e) adding a reverse-neutralizing agent to reverse neutralize the neutralized mixture; and adding a mixture of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant to the reverse-neutralized mixture.

A method for forming a biodegradable polylactic acid suitable for use in fibers is provided. Specifically, a polylactic acid is melt processed at a controlled water content to initiate a hydrolysis reaction. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is believed that the hydroxyl groups present in water are capable of attacking the ester linkage of polylactic acids, thereby leading to chain scission or “depolymerization” of the polylactic acid molecule into one or more shorter ester chains. The shorter chains may include polylactic acids, as well as minor portions of lactic acid monomers or oligomers, and combinations of any of the foregoing. By selectively controlling the hydrolysis conditions (e.g., moisture and polymer concentrations, temperature, shear rate, etc.), a hydrolytically degraded polylactic acid may be achieved that has a molecular weight lower than the starting polymer. Such lower molecular weight polymers have a higher melt flow rate and lower apparent viscosity, which are useful in a wide variety of fiber forming applications, such as in the meltblowing of nonwoven webs.

A scalable, energy efficient process for preparing cellulose nanofibers is disclosed. The process employs a depolymerizing treatment with one or both of: (a) a relatively high charge of ozone under conditions that promote the formation of free radicals to chemically depolymerize the cellulose fiber cell wall and interfiber bonds; or (b) a cellulase enzyme. Depolymerization may be estimated by pulp viscosity changes. The depolymerizing treatment is followed by or concurrent with mechanical comminution of the treated fibers, the comminution being done in any of several mechanical comminuting devices, the amount of energy savings varying depending on the type of comminuting system and the treatment conditions. Comminution may be carried out to any of several endpoint measures such as fiber length, % fines or slurry viscosity.

The invention relates to a method for continuously preparing liquid reclaimed rubber by the aid of a screw extruder, which belongs to the field of waste rubber recycling. The method is characterized in that a cross-linked network of pretreated waste rubber powder is crushed to obtain the liquid reclaimed rubber under the combined action of temperature, pressure, shearing and desulfurizer in the screw extruder by means of a physical and chemical linkage method and by the aid of the screw extruder. The method is simple in technical process and has the advantages of high desulfurization and depolymerization degree, energy conservation, environmental protection and continuity. The obtained liquid reclaimed rubber can be used with asphalt or replaces the asphalt for paving, and can be used with pure rubber to manufacture waterproof anticorrosion materials and the like.

Production of diesel oil from hydrocarbon-containing residues in an oil circulation with separation of solids and product distillation for the diesel oil product by energy input with a high-speed chamber mixer and the use of fully crystallized catalysts that consist of potassium-, sodium-, calcium-, and magnesium-aluminum silicates, wherein the energy input and conversion occur primarily in the high-speed chamber mixer.

PCT No. PCT/SK97/00006 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 1, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 1, 1999 PCT Filed Jul. 4, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/39368 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 11, 1998The nature of the process consists in that the low-grade organic substances are subject, at a temperature of 150 DEG C. to 700 DEG C. and at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 2.5 MPa, to the action of a moving bed of solid particles of a substance which perform whirling motion, whereby the solid particles of a substance constituting the moving bed are set to whirling motion by intensive agitation. The device consists of a reaction chamber (1) with a rotation mechanism (2) which rotation mechanism (2), located rotably in the faces of the reaction chamber (1), consists of a shaft (3) to which vanes (5) are symetrically attached by means of driving discs (4). The vanes (5) may be arranged in 3 to 10 rows, and they may be provided with openings (5.1) or cut-outs (5.2) of various geometrical shapes, and they may be divided into individual segments (5.3). Also the driving discs (4) may be provided with openings (4.1) of various geometrical shapes.

Processes are disclosed that achieve a high conversion of lignin to aromatic hydrocarbons, and that may be carried out without the addition of a base. Depolymerization and deoxygenation, the desired lignin convention steps to yield aromatic hydrocarbons, are carried by contacting a mixture of lignin and a solvent (e.g., a lignin slurry) with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. A preferred solvent is a hydrogen transfer solvent such as a single-ring or fused-ring aromatic compound that beneficially facilitates depolymerization and hinders coke formation. These advantages result in favorable overall process economics for obtaining fuel components and/or chemicals from renewable sources.

The invention discloses a method for preparing oligomeric fucosylated glycosaminoglycan which is prepared by depolymerizing fucosylated glycosaminoglycan by a depolymerization method of peroxide catalyzed by a 4th period transition metal ion in an aqueous medium, and the preparation method has mild reaction condition, good reproducibility and stability, high pyrolysis selectivity and uniform and controllable product quality. The polysaccharide molecule number of the obtained oligomeric fucosylated glycosaminoglycan using GalNAc as a reducing end is not less than 80 percent, the weight average molecular weight is about 6, 000-20, 000Da, and the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is 1.0-2.0.

The invention relates to a method for depolymerizing starch comprising mixing a starch material with an ionic liquid solvent to dissolve the starch, and then treating the dissolved starch by agitating at a temperature and for a period for time to effect depolymerization of the starch into desired depolymerization products.

The invention provides regenerated terylene filament, which has higher mechanical properties and is prepared by depolymerizing waste polyester with polyol as a solvent. The PET (Polyethyleneglycol Terephthalate) granules are depolymerized in a homogeneous state by optimizing the solvent, pressure, temperature, time, catalyst and parameter conditions as well as controlling the pressure and temperature, so as to improve the depolymerization reaction rate. A composite catalyst is adopted, thus the ratio of the solvent to waste polyester is strictly controlled, the polyol consumption is reduced, the process economy is improved, the generation of diethylene glycol is reduced, and the quality and spinnability of the regenerated polyester are improved. The depolymerization rate of the polyester and the mechanical properties of the regenerated terylene filament are improved by adding a third component, thus the mechanical properties of the prepared regenerated terylene filament achieve the properties of the conventional terylene filament. The preparation method is simple, economical and environmentally friendly and is suitable for industrial production.

The invention is a method of preparing high-whiteness degree nano CaCO3. It uses limestone, CaCO3 content>98%, whiteness degree>92% as raw material, washes to calcine into CaO, then adds in the cleaned hot water to get Ca(OH)2, prepares milk of lime by purifying, the concentration 2-10%, uses the cleaned flue gas of CaCO3, calcinations as CO2 source, makes the solution of milk of lime react with CO2 in special synthesis reactor, and adds in crystal-shaped controlling agent to control the time, temperature and stirring speed of the reaction, and after the reaction is finished, makes filtration, drying and depolymerization on the solution. The whole course adopts the technique of controlling whiteness degree.

The invention discloses a preparation method of regenerated polyester fibers. The preparation method is used in the field of chemical regeneration of waste polyester. According to the method, a glycol titanium alkali metal coordination compound which can be dissolved in ethylene glycol is used as a catalyst for catalyzing ethylene glycol in a waste polyester product for depolymerization and a repolymerization process of depolymerized products; the catalyst is higher in catalysis activity in ethylene glycol depolymerization of polyester and the repolymerization process of the depolymerized products; therefore, in the preparation method of the regenerated polyester fibers, the catalyst is not required to be removed from the depolymerized products in a regenerated polyester fiber preparation process, and can be used for polycondensation, so that the depolymerized product separation and purification cost is greatly reduced, and the quality of regenerated polyester is guaranteed; the color and the intensity of the regenerated polyester fibers can be obviously improved, and continuous closed-loop recycling of the waste polyester product can be realized.

The invention relates to a method for vulcanized rubber regeneration by desulfurization and depolymerization, and belongs to the rubber cyclic regeneration field. The method comprises the following steps: first obtaining supercritical carbon dioxide by adding dry ice in a high pressure reaction kettle in safe and rapid manner, realizing rapid pollution-free permeation of desulfurization reagent into the rubber by the supercritical CO2, then breaking cross bonds of the rubber by cooperation of mechanical shearing, temperature and the desulfurization agent so as to realize desulfurization and regeneration of the rubber. The regenerated rubber has the advantages of safety, rapid performance, low energy consumption, no pollution, and good recycling effect.

A process for the conversion of lignin to chemical precursors is presented. The process comprises treating the lignin to form less acidic compounds. The process includes reacting lignin with a hydrogenation catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere to convert acidic oxygenate compounds to less acidic oxygenates or hydrocarbons. The oxygenate compounds are reacted in a dehydrogenation and deoxygenation process to remove the oxygen and to convert the cyclic hydrocarbons back to aromatic compounds.