5173 results about "Molten state" patented technology

A method and apparatus are described for creating a fluid seal in a subterranean well structure having a fluid seal defect. The method comprises introducing a meltable repair material proximate a structure in a subterranean well which has a fluid seal defect or enhanced seal capacity is required or it is desired to temporarily or permanently hydraulically isolate a portion the well or strengthen the structural integrity of well tubulars or tubular hangers. Exothermic reactant materials are located proximate the meltable repair material. The exothermic reactant material is ignited or an exothermic reaction otherwise initiated which supplies heat to and melts the meltable repair material into a molten mass. The molten mass flows and solidifies across the structure and the fluid seal defect to effect a fluid seal in the subterranean well structure or the structural integrity is enhanced. Examples of preferred exothermic reactant materials include thermite, thermate, fusible chemical reactants such as ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate, and oxidizers and accompanying hydrocarbon based fuels. Examples of preferred meltable repair materials include solder or brazing materials and eutectic metals which expand upon cooling and solidifying from a molten state.

The metallic components of a IB-IIIA-VIA photovoltaic cell active layer may be directly coated onto a substrate by using relatively low melting point (e.g., less than about 500° C.) metals such as indium and gallium. Specifically, CI(G)S thin-film solar cells may be fabricated by blending molten group IIIA metals with solid nanoparticles of group IB and (optionally) group IIIA metals. The molten mixture may be coated onto a substrate in the molten state, e.g., using coating techniques such as hot-dipping, hot microgravure and/or air-knife coating. After coating, the substrate may be cooled and the film annealed, e.g., in a sulfur-containing or selenium-containing atmosphere.

A polyester resin composition is calendered to produce a film or a sheet. The polyester resin composition is a polyester having a crystallization half time from a molten state of at least 5 minutes combined with an additive for preventing sticking of the polyester to calendering rolls.

The invention comprises polymer compositions containing 3-hydroxypropanoxy terminated polymer that exhibit reduced levels of degradation product emissions during processing, by contacting the polymer in the molten state with a melt stable, organic nitrogen-containing stabilizing compound, such as polyamide.

A process for treating a wood substrate with a water-based formulation containing a wax in order to confer water repellency to the substrate comprising the steps of:(a) placing the substrate in a treatment vessel and reducing the pressure in the vessel to remove air in the pores of the substrate;(b) contacting the substrate in the vessel, while reduced pressure is present in the vessel, with the formulation to allow the formulation to flow into said pores, said contacting being carried out at a temperature at or above that required to cause the wax to change into a molten state;(c) applying a positive pressure to the vessel to force the formulation into said pores; and(d) releasing the pressure in the vessel and removing the resultant wood substrate from the vessel.

Cushioning net structures comprise random loops, such as three-dimensional random loops, bonded with one another, wherein the loops are formed by allowing continuous fibers, made of ethylene/α-olefin interpolymers, to bend to come in contact with one another in a molten state and to be heat-bonded at most contact points. The structures provided herein have desirable heat resistance, durability and cushioning property. The cushioning structures are used in furniture, vehicle seats etc.

Heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for an electronic device having an enclosure. An interior surface of the enclosure is covered with a conformal metallic layer which, as disposed in thermal adjacency with one or more heat-generating electronic components or other sources contained within the enclosure, may provide both thermal dissipation and EMI shielding for the device. The layer may be sprayed onto the interior surface in a molten state and solidified to form a self-adherent coating.

A chemical reaction between molten aluminum and an oxygen carrier such as water to do useful work is disclosed, and in particular two chemical methods to obtain aluminum in its molten state. One is to detonate a HE/Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry, and the other is to use an oxidizer/Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry. Additionally, there is a physical method of shocking and heating Al using high temperature reaction products. The produced Al in its liquid form is forced to react with an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water), giving off heat and releasing hydrogen gas or other gaseous material. A water solution of some oxygen-rich chemicals (e.g. ammonium nitrate) can be advantageously used in place of water. A shaped charge is also disclosed having a liner that contains aluminum, propelled by a high explosive such as RDX or its mixture with aluminum powder. Some aluminum in its molten state is projected into the perforation and forced to react with water that also enters the perforation, creating another explosion, fracturing the crushed zone of the perforation and initializing cracks. Another shaped charge is shown having a liner of energetic material such as a mixture of aluminum powder and a metal oxide. Upon detonation, the collapsed liner carries kinetic and thermal energy. Also shown are methods to build and to detonate or fire explosive devices in an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water) to perforate and stimulate a hydrocarbon-bearing formation.

A nonwoven web product including ultra-fine fibers is formed utilizing a spunbond apparatus that forms multicomponent fibers by delivering first and second polymer components in a molten state from a spin pack to a spinneret, extruding multicomponent fibers including the first and second polymer components from the spinneret, attenuating the multicomponent fibers in an aspirator, laying down the multicomponent fibers on an elongated forming surface disposed downstream from the aspirator to form a nonwoven web, and bonding portions of at least some of the fibers in the nonwoven web together to form a bonded, nonwoven web product. The multicomponent fibers can include separable segments such as islands-in-the-sea fibers, where certain separated segments become the ultra-fine fibers in the web product. In addition, carbon tubular fibers can be formed by extruding islands-in-the-sea fibers including polyacrylonitrile or pitch sheath segments in the fibers, separating the segments of the fiber, and converting the polyacrylonitrile or pitch to carbon by a carbonization process.

A microwave plasma apparatus for processing a material includes a plasma chamber, a microwave radiation source, and a waveguide guiding microwave radiation from the microwave radiation source to the plasma chamber. A process gas flows through the plasma chamber and the microwave radiation couples to the process gas to produce a plasma jet. A process material is introduced to the plasma chamber, becomes entrained in the plasma jet, and is thereby transformed to a stream of product material droplets or particles. The product material droplets or particles are substantially more uniform in size, velocity, temperature, and melt state than are droplets or particles produced by prior devices.

The invention relates to a three-dimensional rapid prototyping method and device based on pulse small hole droplet injection and belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional rapid prototyping. The three-dimensional rapid prototyping method is characterized in that a heater is used for heating a crucible until the metals in the crucible are in the molten state, a positive differential pressure value is set between the interior of the crucible and a vacuum chamber, simultaneously a piezoelectric ceramic driver applies certain pulse signals to piezoelectric ceramics to lead the piezoelectric ceramics to drive a transmission bar to generate longitudinal infinitesimal displacement, the infinitesimal displacement acts on the metal melt at the bottom of the crucible, tiny droplets are injected from small holes arranged at the bottom of the crucible, one droplet can be formed at the position of the small holes once the piezoelectric ceramics move for one time, size data of the droplets are timely analyzed through a photograph system, further the optimum parameter is obtained through adjustment; and the droplets fall to a moving three-dimensional motion platform to be deposited, and accordingly needed metal parts are formed through depositing. The three-dimensional rapid prototyping method and device based on pulse small hole droplet injection have the advantages that the pulse small holes inject to generate the metal droplets with uniform and controllable sizes, prototyped products are fine and uniform in microstructure, the prototyping process is strong in controllability, and the formed parts are high in accuracy.

A polymer composition and its use for thin film packaging applications including on a dry basis: a) from 45 to 90% by weight of starch; b) from 0.1 to 15% by weight of a water soluble polymer selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylacetate, and copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol which have a melting point compatible with the molten state of the starch component; and c) from 5 to 45% by weight of one or more plasticizers having a molecular weight in the range of 50-6000, more preferably 50-2500 and more preferably still 100-400 and desirably selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, glycerol, maltitol, xylitol, mannitol, erythritol, glycerol trioleate, tributyl citrate, acetyl tri-ethyl citrate, glyceryl triacetate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, polyethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol.

A polypropylene material is prepared from a blend of heterophasic propylene copolymers and propylene homopolymers. The material is prepared by blending the polymers while they are in a molten state, and forming a film or sheet from the polymer blend. The material has particular application to forming slit film tapes and similar materials. The resultant materials exhibit increased tenacity, elongation and toughness and greater surface roughness as compared to those materials prepared solely from propylene homopolymers.

In a display device in which glass substrates are pasted together and a display material is filled therebetween and a method of manufacturing the same, provided is a display device composed of soda glass chemically strengthened by substituting atoms having an ionic radius larger than that of sodium atoms for sodium atoms on the surfaces of the glass substrates, and a method of manufacturing a display device wherein a chemical strengthening is carried out by dipping a soda glass substrate or a cell for the display device manufactured by using the substrate in a solution or a molten solution of a salt including cations having an ionic radius larger than that of sodium atoms.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a melt-blown polypropylene electret filter material. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) modification of polypropylene: melting the raw material, polypropylene, and mixing the melt with an additive to obtain modified polypropylene; 2) melt-blown preparation process: a) in a molten state, feeding the modified polypropylene melt into a spinneret plate by using a metering pump; b) extruding the modified polypropylene melt from a spinneret orifice; and c) blowing the melt extruded out from the spinneret orifice into ultrafine fibers by using high-speed hot air to make the fibers fly to a condenser net curtain to form a fiber net through cooling and bonding; and 3), preparation process of an electret: passing the fiber net obtained in step (2) through an electrode of a corona discharge device and obtaining the electret through the discharging of the electrode. The melt-blown electret high-efficiency filter material obtained by the method has the advantages of very high electret charge stability, excellent filtering efficiency, very low pressure loss, long service life and optimal economic benefit.

The invention provides a preparation method of high softening point asphalt, and the method comprises: heating an asphalt raw material to a molten state, subjecting the asphalt raw material, reaction additives accounting for 0.01%-5% of the total mass of the asphalt raw material, as well as air to full premixing reaction, with the mixing temperature controlled at 80-180DEG C and the mixing time controlled at 1min-40min; then introducing the mixture to an oxidation reactor for air blowing oxidation at a temperature of 200-340DEG C for 3-10h, with the air blowing rate of an oxidation tower maintained at 0.05-0.5m<3>.kg<-1>.h<-1>, thus obtaining a high softening point asphalt product with excellent high temperature performance and temperature susceptibility resistance. The method of the invention solves the problems of overlong reaction time, nonuniform air distribution, easy coking, short oxidation tower operation cycle, and poor product performance, etc. existing in current high softening point asphalt production processes by oxidation method.

The invention discloses a metallic/ceramic composite armor and preparation method with ordered supporting structure of metallic materials as a framework and alumina ceramic materials as a core, and comprises the following steps: (1) a ceramic core plate with well-ordered pore canals is prepared and comprises working procedures such as forming, first sintering, hole machining and final sintering; (2) the ceramic core plate is sintered and metallized, all the surfaces of the finally sintered ceramic core plate is coated with Mo-Mn metal pastes, after being dried, the finally sintered ceramic core plate is metallized and sintered by being put under a protective atmosphere; (3) the metal is poured or vacuum heating treatment is made, the metal material is heated into a molten state, then poured into a die in which the ceramic core plate is arranged to have a thermostatic treatment, and finally cooled slowly to knock out. The invention can overcome weak binding of articulated connection and plane connection between the metal and the ceramic, etc., and realize high-strength binding between metallic/ceramic interfaces, moreover, the prepared metallic/ceramic composite armor with the sandwiches which can pass mutually is provided with the performance of light weight, high strength and impact resistance, thereby being suitable for a bulletproof composite armor plate and an armored panel on tanks and armored vehicles, etc.