5212 results about "Molten state" patented technology

A method and apparatus are described for creating a fluid seal in a subterranean well structure having a fluid seal defect. The method comprises introducing a meltable repair material proximate a structure in a subterranean well which has a fluid seal defect or enhanced seal capacity is required or it is desired to temporarily or permanently hydraulically isolate a portion the well or strengthen the structural integrity of well tubulars or tubular hangers. Exothermic reactant materials are located proximate the meltable repair material. The exothermic reactant material is ignited or an exothermic reaction otherwise initiated which supplies heat to and melts the meltable repair material into a molten mass. The molten mass flows and solidifies across the structure and the fluid seal defect to effect a fluid seal in the subterranean well structure or the structural integrity is enhanced. Examples of preferred exothermic reactant materials include thermite, thermate, fusible chemical reactants such as ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate, and oxidizers and accompanying hydrocarbon based fuels. Examples of preferred meltable repair materials include solder or brazing materials and eutectic metals which expand upon cooling and solidifying from a molten state.

The present invention provides a method capable of easily forming a polycrystalline or monocrystalline semiconductor thin film of polycrystalline silicon with a high degree of crystallization and high quality at low cost, and an apparatus for carrying out the method. In a method of forming a polycrystalline (or monocrystalline) semiconductor thin film, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and an apparatus for carrying out these methods, in order to form a large-grain polycrystalline (or monocrystalline) semiconductor thin film (7) such as a polycrystalline silicon film with a high degree of crystallization on a substrate (1) or manufacturing a semiconductor device having the polycrystalline (or monocrystalline) semiconductor thin film (7), a low-crystalline semiconductor thin film (7A) is formed on the substrate (1), and then heated in a molten, semi-molten or non-molten state by laser annealing with ultraviolet rays (UV) or / and deep ultraviolet rays (DUV) and cooled to promote crystallization of the low-crystalline semiconductor thin film (7A), obtaining the polycrystalline (or monocrystalline) semiconductor thin film (7).

A process of making a tack-free gel is disclosed comprising the steps of providing a mold defining a mold cavity, the mold cavity comprising a plastic material; pouring or injecting a molten gel having a high molding temperature into the mold cavity; and forming the tack-free gel as a thin layer of plastic of the mold cavity is melted over the gel. The forming step further comprises cooling the gel from the molten state to a solidified state. The melting temperature of the plastic material is lower than the molding temperature of the gel; and the higher the temperature differential, the greater the melting of the plastic material and the thicker the layer of the plastic material on the surface of the gel. The mold may be formed of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). With the process of the invention, the heat of the molten gel at its molding temperature is transferred to the surface of the LDPE mold so as to melt a thin layer of the LDPE. The mold may comprise a mold base having a plurality of mold holes forming a plurality of mold cavities, each of the mold holes comprising an axial pin to mold an axial hole through a center of the gel, an LDPE cylinder providing a predetermined inside diameter for the mold, and an LDPE disc mounted on the axial pin and disposed at the bottom of each mold cavity in the mold base. The process may further comprise the step of dabbing the gel in a low-friction powder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a lubricant. The mold may further comprise a mold top disposed axially of the mold base and comprises a plurality of holes forming a plurality of cavities, each of the mold top holes is adapted to receive the LDPE cylinder, and a second LDPE disc disposed at the top of each mold cavity of the mold top.

The metallic components of a IB-IIIA-VIA photovoltaic cell active layer may be directly coated onto a substrate by using relatively low melting point (e.g., less than about 500° C.) metals such as indium and gallium. Specifically, CI(G)S thin-film solar cells may be fabricated by blending molten group IIIA metals with solid nanoparticles of group IB and (optionally) group IIIA metals. The molten mixture may be coated onto a substrate in the molten state, e.g., using coating techniques such as hot-dipping, hot microgravure and / or air-knife coating. After coating, the substrate may be cooled and the film annealed, e.g., in a sulfur-containing or selenium-containing atmosphere.

A polyester resin composition is calendered to produce a film or a sheet. The polyester resin composition is a polyester having a crystallization half time from a molten state of at least 5 minutes combined with an additive for preventing sticking of the polyester to calendering rolls.

The invention comprises polymer compositions containing 3-hydroxypropanoxy terminated polymer that exhibit reduced levels of degradation product emissions during processing, by contacting the polymer in the molten state with a melt stable, organic nitrogen-containing stabilizing compound, such as polyamide.

A process for treating a wood substrate with a water-based formulation containing a wax in order to confer water repellency to the substrate comprising the steps of:(a) placing the substrate in a treatment vessel and reducing the pressure in the vessel to remove air in the pores of the substrate;(b) contacting the substrate in the vessel, while reduced pressure is present in the vessel, with the formulation to allow the formulation to flow into said pores, said contacting being carried out at a temperature at or above that required to cause the wax to change into a molten state;(c) applying a positive pressure to the vessel to force the formulation into said pores; and(d) releasing the pressure in the vessel and removing the resultant wood substrate from the vessel.

Cushioning net structures comprise random loops, such as three-dimensional random loops, bonded with one another, wherein the loops are formed by allowing continuous fibers, made of ethylene / α-olefin interpolymers, to bend to come in contact with one another in a molten state and to be heat-bonded at most contact points. The structures provided herein have desirable heat resistance, durability and cushioning property. The cushioning structures are used in furniture, vehicle seats etc.

Heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for an electronic device having an enclosure. An interior surface of the enclosure is covered with a conformal metallic layer which, as disposed in thermal adjacency with one or more heat-generating electronic components or other sources contained within the enclosure, may provide both thermal dissipation and EMI shielding for the device. The layer may be sprayed onto the interior surface in a molten state and solidified to form a self-adherent coating.

A chemical reaction between molten aluminum and an oxygen carrier such as water to do useful work is disclosed, and in particular two chemical methods to obtain aluminum in its molten state. One is to detonate a HE / Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry, and the other is to use an oxidizer / Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry. Additionally, there is a physical method of shocking and heating Al using high temperature reaction products. The produced Al in its liquid form is forced to react with an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water), giving off heat and releasing hydrogen gas or other gaseous material. A water solution of some oxygen-rich chemicals (e.g. ammonium nitrate) can be advantageously used in place of water. A shaped charge is also disclosed having a liner that contains aluminum, propelled by a high explosive such as RDX or its mixture with aluminum powder. Some aluminum in its molten state is projected into the perforation and forced to react with water that also enters the perforation, creating another explosion, fracturing the crushed zone of the perforation and initializing cracks. Another shaped charge is shown having a liner of energetic material such as a mixture of aluminum powder and a metal oxide. Upon detonation, the collapsed liner carries kinetic and thermal energy. Also shown are methods to build and to detonate or fire explosive devices in an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water) to perforate and stimulate a hydrocarbon-bearing formation.

A process for making a corrugated stretch laminate comprising the steps of providing a first carrier web having a first surface and a second surface; applying a first elastomeric composition in a fluid or molten state to the first surface of the carrier web to form at least one first elastic member; incrementally stretching in a first direction at least a portion of the carrier web to form a stretch composite preform; elongating the stretch composite preform in the first direction; joining a first substrate to the elongated stretch composite preform; and allowing the elongated stretch composite preform to recover to form said corrugated stretch laminate.

A composite component such as a seat back for a vehicle comprises a support portion and at least one reinforcing composite layer. The support portion comprises a thermoplastic material and the reinforcing composite layer comprises a polymeric material impregnating a plurality of fibers. The polymeric material of the reinforcing composite layer is integrated with the thermoplastic of the support portion. A method of forming the composite component includes placing the composite layer into a mold, heating the thermoplastic material to a molten state, and disposing the thermoplastic material in the molten state into contact with the composite layer. The method further includes promoting interaction between the thermoplastic material and the polymeric material to integrate the support portion and the reinforcing composite layer. The thermoplastic material supports the reinforcing composite layer and the reinforcing composite layer reinforces the thermoplastic material to prevent failure when subjected to a load.

A nonwoven web product including ultra-fine fibers is formed utilizing a spunbond apparatus that forms multicomponent fibers by delivering first and second polymer components in a molten state from a spin pack to a spinneret, extruding multicomponent fibers including the first and second polymer components from the spinneret, attenuating the multicomponent fibers in an aspirator, laying down the multicomponent fibers on an elongated forming surface disposed downstream from the aspirator to form a nonwoven web, and bonding portions of at least some of the fibers in the nonwoven web together to form a bonded, nonwoven web product. The multicomponent fibers can include separable segments such as islands-in-the-sea fibers, where certain separated segments become the ultra-fine fibers in the web product. In addition, carbon tubular fibers can be formed by extruding islands-in-the-sea fibers including polyacrylonitrile or pitch sheath segments in the fibers, separating the segments of the fiber, and converting the polyacrylonitrile or pitch to carbon by a carbonization process.

A microwave plasma apparatus for processing a material includes a plasma chamber, a microwave radiation source, and a waveguide guiding microwave radiation from the microwave radiation source to the plasma chamber. A process gas flows through the plasma chamber and the microwave radiation couples to the process gas to produce a plasma jet. A process material is introduced to the plasma chamber, becomes entrained in the plasma jet, and is thereby transformed to a stream of product material droplets or particles. The product material droplets or particles are substantially more uniform in size, velocity, temperature, and melt state than are droplets or particles produced by prior devices.

The invention relates to a three-dimensional rapid prototyping method and device based on pulse small hole droplet injection and belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional rapid prototyping. The three-dimensional rapid prototyping method is characterized in that a heater is used for heating a crucible until the metals in the crucible are in the molten state, a positive differential pressure value is set between the interior of the crucible and a vacuum chamber, simultaneously a piezoelectric ceramic driver applies certain pulse signals to piezoelectric ceramics to lead the piezoelectric ceramics to drive a transmission bar to generate longitudinal infinitesimal displacement, the infinitesimal displacement acts on the metal melt at the bottom of the crucible, tiny droplets are injected from small holes arranged at the bottom of the crucible, one droplet can be formed at the position of the small holes once the piezoelectric ceramics move for one time, size data of the droplets are timely analyzed through a photograph system, further the optimum parameter is obtained through adjustment; and the droplets fall to a moving three-dimensional motion platform to be deposited, and accordingly needed metal parts are formed through depositing. The three-dimensional rapid prototyping method and device based on pulse small hole droplet injection have the advantages that the pulse small holes inject to generate the metal droplets with uniform and controllable sizes, prototyped products are fine and uniform in microstructure, the prototyping process is strong in controllability, and the formed parts are high in accuracy.

A polymer composition and its use for thin film packaging applications including on a dry basis: a) from 45 to 90% by weight of starch; b) from 0.1 to 15% by weight of a water soluble polymer selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylacetate, and copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol which have a melting point compatible with the molten state of the starch component; and c) from 5 to 45% by weight of one or more plasticizers having a molecular weight in the range of 50-6000, more preferably 50-2500 and more preferably still 100-400 and desirably selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, glycerol, maltitol, xylitol, mannitol, erythritol, glycerol trioleate, tributyl citrate, acetyl tri-ethyl citrate, glyceryl triacetate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, polyethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol.

A high-performance separator for a fuel cell and a high-performance cell unit (single cell unit or short stack unit) for a fuel cell, each ensuring lightweight and compact fabrication necessary to enhance output density, enabling stacking without use of a gas seal member and making the insulating treatment of the outer circumference of the stack not necessary, and production methods thereof are provided.By a processing method of forming a thermoplastic resin composition highly filled with a carbonaceous material into a thin sheet form, heating the sheet to a melted state, and cold-shaping the melt at a high speed, a lightweight, compact and high-performance thin fuel cell separator having a corrugated flow path may be provided. Also, a separator for a fuel cell and a cell unit (single cell unit or short stack unit) for a fuel cell, where a stacked body of separator and MEA can be integrated by injection molding or heat welding and the outer circumferential part is covered with an insulating thermoplastic resin composition, may be provided.

The present invention relates to process of comprehensive utilization of smelting slag, and is especially technological process of comprehensively utilizing high temperature nickel smelting slag in extracting iron and producing microcrystal glass. The present invention features that the nickel smelting slag is first reduced in high temperature molten state to reduce its metal iron and nickel so as to obtain ferronickel alloy or alloy steel, and the residual molten silicate slag is heat maintained, homogenized, clarified, cast and microcrystallized to obtain microcrystal glass product. The process of the present invention utilizes nickel smelting slag in high temperature molten state, and has saving in secondary heating cost and high value utilization of nickel smelting slags.

A polypropylene material is prepared from a blend of heterophasic propylene copolymers and propylene homopolymers. The material is prepared by blending the polymers while they are in a molten state, and forming a film or sheet from the polymer blend. The material has particular application to forming slit film tapes and similar materials. The resultant materials exhibit increased tenacity, elongation and toughness and greater surface roughness as compared to those materials prepared solely from propylene homopolymers.

In a display device in which glass substrates are pasted together and a display material is filled therebetween and a method of manufacturing the same, provided is a display device composed of soda glass chemically strengthened by substituting atoms having an ionic radius larger than that of sodium atoms for sodium atoms on the surfaces of the glass substrates, and a method of manufacturing a display device wherein a chemical strengthening is carried out by dipping a soda glass substrate or a cell for the display device manufactured by using the substrate in a solution or a molten solution of a salt including cations having an ionic radius larger than that of sodium atoms.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a melt-blown polypropylene electret filter material. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) modification of polypropylene: melting the raw material, polypropylene, and mixing the melt with an additive to obtain modified polypropylene; 2) melt-blown preparation process: a) in a molten state, feeding the modified polypropylene melt into a spinneret plate by using a metering pump; b) extruding the modified polypropylene melt from a spinneret orifice; and c) blowing the melt extruded out from the spinneret orifice into ultrafine fibers by using high-speed hot air to make the fibers fly to a condenser net curtain to form a fiber net through cooling and bonding; and 3), preparation process of an electret: passing the fiber net obtained in step (2) through an electrode of a corona discharge device and obtaining the electret through the discharging of the electrode. The melt-blown electret high-efficiency filter material obtained by the method has the advantages of very high electret charge stability, excellent filtering efficiency, very low pressure loss, long service life and optimal economic benefit.

Cushioning net structures comprise random loops, such as three-dimensional random loops, bonded with one another, wherein the loops are formed by allowing continuous fibers, made of ethylene / α-olefin interpolymers, to bend to come in contact with one another in a molten state and to be heat-bonded at most contact points. The structures provided herein have desirable heat resistance, durability and cushioning property. The cushioning structures are used in furniture, vehicle seats etc.

The invention provides a preparation method of high softening point asphalt, and the method comprises: heating an asphalt raw material to a molten state, subjecting the asphalt raw material, reaction additives accounting for 0.01%-5% of the total mass of the asphalt raw material, as well as air to full premixing reaction, with the mixing temperature controlled at 80-180DEG C and the mixing time controlled at 1min-40min; then introducing the mixture to an oxidation reactor for air blowing oxidation at a temperature of 200-340DEG C for 3-10h, with the air blowing rate of an oxidation tower maintained at 0.05-0.5m<3>.kg<-1>.h<-1>, thus obtaining a high softening point asphalt product with excellent high temperature performance and temperature susceptibility resistance. The method of the invention solves the problems of overlong reaction time, nonuniform air distribution, easy coking, short oxidation tower operation cycle, and poor product performance, etc. existing in current high softening point asphalt production processes by oxidation method.

A low melting point metal material is made to a thixotropic state in which liquid phases and solid phases coexists. In the thixotropic state of the low melting point metal material, a carbon nano material is kneaded with the low melting point metal material and forms a composite material. Thus obtained composite material is supplied to a metal molding machine and injected into a mold in a thixotropic state or a completely molten state of the metal so that the composite material fills the mold, thereby the composite material is molded to a composite metal product. With the above process, it is possible to injection mold the composite metal product to which the characteristics of the carbon nano material are applied.

A microwave plasma apparatus for processing a material includes a plasma chamber, a microwave radiation source, and a waveguide guiding microwave radiation from the microwave radiation source to the plasma chamber. A process gas flows through the plasma chamber and the microwave radiation couples to the process gas to produce a plasma jet. A process material is introduced to the plasma chamber, becomes entrained in the plasma jet, and is thereby transformed to a stream of product material droplets or particles. The product material droplets or particles are substantially more uniform in size, velocity, temperature, and melt state than are droplets or particles produced by prior devices.

The invention discloses a metallic / ceramic composite armor and preparation method with ordered supporting structure of metallic materials as a framework and alumina ceramic materials as a core, and comprises the following steps: (1) a ceramic core plate with well-ordered pore canals is prepared and comprises working procedures such as forming, first sintering, hole machining and final sintering; (2) the ceramic core plate is sintered and metallized, all the surfaces of the finally sintered ceramic core plate is coated with Mo-Mn metal pastes, after being dried, the finally sintered ceramic core plate is metallized and sintered by being put under a protective atmosphere; (3) the metal is poured or vacuum heating treatment is made, the metal material is heated into a molten state, then poured into a die in which the ceramic core plate is arranged to have a thermostatic treatment, and finally cooled slowly to knock out. The invention can overcome weak binding of articulated connection and plane connection between the metal and the ceramic, etc., and realize high-strength binding between metallic / ceramic interfaces, moreover, the prepared metallic / ceramic composite armor with the sandwiches which can pass mutually is provided with the performance of light weight, high strength and impact resistance, thereby being suitable for a bulletproof composite armor plate and an armored panel on tanks and armored vehicles, etc.

A method of depositing a solid film on a substrate in which a stream comprising particles suspended in a transport gas is moved through a heating zone. The particles are combined with the transport gas from a powder feeder operatively coupled to a gas flow tube. The particle stream is directed toward the heating zone by ejecting the powder stream from a nozzle connected to a distal end of the gas flow tube. A radiation source is directed at the suspended particles as they move through the heating zone so that the particles heated to a molten state. The droplets are undercooled in a cooling zone before impact with the substrate.

The invention relates to a nitrogen fertilizer, in particular to a synergistic slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer comprises: urea nitrogen fertilizer, biochemical inhibitors and a synergist, wherein, the weight portion ratio of the urea nitrogen fertilizer to the biochemical inhibitors to the synergist is equal to 1:0.001 to 0.1:0.0005 to 1; the biochemical inhibitors are a nitrification inhibitor and a urease inhibitor and the synergist is poly (aspartic acid), wherein, the weight portion ratio between the urease inhibitor and the nitrification inhibitor is equal to 0.5 to 2:0.5 to 2. The preparation method is as follows: during the operation process of the nitrogen fertilizer, the biochemical inhibitor and the synergist are added into the fertilizer under the molten state of the fertilizer. The synergistic nitrogen fertilizer of the invention is suitable for various plants and soils. The fertilizer has notable disease-resistant, drought-resistant and lodging resistant effects on crops after being applied in soils, can effectively improve nutrients reserving power of soils and has certain effect on succession crops. Gain production can be increased by 8% to 30%, vegetable production can be increased by 14% to 60% and cash crop production can be increased by more than 30% by using the synergistic slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for analyzing fluid flow while considering heat transfer effects and, in particular, a phase change from a molten state to a solid state. In particular, the method and apparatus may be applied to the analysis of an injection molding process for producing a molded polymer component from a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer. In one embodiment, the method may be used to determine pressure required to fill a mold cavity and pressure gradients introduced during filling and packing of the cavity of an injection mold. The results of these analyses may be used to determine the number and location of gates, to determine the best material for the component, and to optimize the process conditions used in the molding process.