6793 results about "Molten salt" patented technology

The invention comprises polymer compositions containing 3-hydroxypropanoxy terminated polymer that exhibit reduced levels of degradation product emissions during processing, by contacting the polymer in the molten state with a melt stable, organic nitrogen-containing stabilizing compound, such as polyamide.

To provide a method for producing chemically tempered glass, whereby frequency of replacement of the molten salt can be reduced. A method for producing chemically tempered glass, which comprises repeating ion exchange treatment of immersing glass in a molten salt, wherein the glass comprises, as represented by mole percentage, from 61 to 77% of SiO2, from 1 to 18% of Al2O3, from 3 to 15% of MgO, from 0 to 5% of CaO, from 0 to 4% of ZrO2, from 8 to 18% of Na2O and from 0 to 6% of K2O; SiO2+Al2O3 is from 65 to 85%; MgO+CaO is from 3 to 15%; and R calculated by the following formula by using contents of the respective components, is at least 0.66:R=0.029×SiO2+0.021×Al2O3+0.016×MgO−0.004×CaO+0.016×ZrO2+0.029×Na2O+0×K2O−2.002

A non-aqueous electrolyte battery that contains a molten salt electrolyte and has the enhanced output performances and cycle performances can be provided. The electrolyte has a molar ratio of lithium salt to molten salt of from 0.3 to 0.5, and the non-aqueous electrolyte battery has a positive electrode having a discharge capacity of 1.05 or more times that of a negative electrode thereof.

In a display device that includes a display space provided on a display surface side and a liquid sealed inside the display space so as to be operable and is constituted so as to be able to change a display color on the display surface side according to an application of an electric field to the liquid, the liquid is an ionic liquid containing an ambient temperature molten salt combining a cation and an anion. Further, an amount of water blended in the liquid is 0 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the ionic liquid. This makes it possible both to reduce a voltage to be applied to the liquid so as to allow driving at a low voltage and to improve an operation performance.

A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing an active material providing a negative electrode working potential which is nobler than a lithium electrode potential, and whose potential difference from the lithium electrode potential is 0.5V or more, and an electrolyte containing molten salt, ester phosphate and metal salt including at least one of alkaline metal salt and alkaline earth metal salt, the electrolyte satisfying the following formula (1): 0.5≦(M2 / M1)≦1  (1) where M1 is a molar number of the metal salt and M2 is a molar number of the ester phosphate.

A battery comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte, and an electron collector associated with the first electrode, the electron collector having a surface treatment, such as a protection layer, that reduces corrosion of the electron collector by the molten salt electrolyte.

A lithium-based rechargeable battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a molten salt electrolyte that is electrically conductive lithium ions. The positive electrode includes a positive active material that has an electrochemical potential of at least approximately 4.0 volts relative to lithium, and more preferably at least approximately 4.5 V relative to lithium. The electrolyte may further include a source of lithium ions, such as a lithium compound. Other rechargeable batteries using other ionic species can be fabricated to an analogous design.

Electrolyte solutions of soluble bifunctional redox dyes in molten salt solvent may be used to prepare electrooptic devices with enhanced stability toward ultraviolet radiation. The solvents include lithium or quaternary ammonium cations, and perfluorinated sulfonylimide anions selected from trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3−), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3SO2)2N−), bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3CF2SO2)2N−) and tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide ((CF3SO2)3C−).

A molten salt breeder reactor that has fuel conduit surrounded by a fertile blanket. The fuel salt conduit has an elongated core section that allows for the generation of electrical power on a scale comparable to commercially available nuclear reactors. The geometry of the fuel conduit is such that sub-critical conditions exist near the input and output of the fuel salt conduit and the fertile blanket surrounds the input and output of the fuel salt conduit, thereby minimizing neutron losses.

The invention relates to a nano silicon-carbon composite negative material for lithium ion batteries and a preparation method thereof. A porous electrode composed of silica and carbon is taken as a raw material, and a nano silicon-carbon composite material of carbon-loaded nano silicon is formed by a molten salt electrolysis method in a manner of silica in-situ electrochemical reduction. Silicon and carbon of the material are connected by nano silicon carbide, and are metallurgical-grade combination, so that the electrochemical cycle stability of the nano silicon-carbon composite material is improved. The preparation method of the nano silicon-carbon composite material provided by the invention comprises the following steps: compounding a porous block composed of carbon and silica powder with a conductive cathode collector as a cathode; using graphite or an inert anode as an anode, and putting the cathode and anode into CaCl2 electrolyte or mixed salt melt electrolyte containing CaCl2 to form an electrolytic cell; applying voltage between the cathode and the anode; controlling the electrolytic voltage, the electrolytic current density and the electrolytic quantity, so that silica in the porous block is deoxidized into nano silicon by electrolytic reduction, and the nano silicon-carbon composite material for lithium ion batteries is prepared at the cathode.

A solar power system capable of storing heat energy and converting sun light to electrical power. The solar power system includes a solar collection system which gathers and transmits concentrated solar energy to an absorber / cavity. The thermal energy is extracted from the absorber / cavity via a fluid and transported to a heat conversion system. The heat conversion system uses the thermal energy to create electricity.

A nonaqueous electrolyte lithium secondary cell comprising a positive electrode (1), a negative electrode (2) and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt is characterized by that the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a room temperature molten salt as a main component, a material wherein a working potential of the negative electrode (2) is nobler by above 1V than a potential of a metallic lithium is used for a negative active material of the negative electrode. This nonaqueous electrolyte lithium secondary cell has excellent safety and cell performance.

The invention relates to a method and a system for combining solar energy thermal power generation with biomass power generation. When the method is used for generating electricity in the daytime (a fine day), one path of heat transfer oil heated in a heat collection field passes through a heat exchanger to ensure that counter-flow water is heated up into superheated steam at the temperature of between 360 and 380 DEG C; and the other path of the heat transfer oil heated in the heat collection field passes through the heat exchanger to heat up a fused salt so as to perform energy storage. The water heated in a water cooled wall of a biomass boiler is changed into steam which enters a steam header and a steam-water separator, then is heated to the temperature of between 535 and 545 DDEG C after being sent into a super-heater of the boiler together with the steam at the temperature of between 360 and 380 DEG C, and then is supplied to a steam turbine to drive a generator to finish the power generation process. During receiving electric valley adjustment, the biomass boiler maintains the minimum stable combustion state. The self power generation of the method and the system can be used for supplying electricity to an electric heater in a fused salt heat storage system to heat the fused salt and perform secondary energy storage for a fused salt heat tank. During the night, or when a solar energy condition is not good, the heat energy stored in the fused salt is released by the heat exchanger to generate electricity.

A method for the anodic electrochemical synthesis of ammonia gas. The method comprises providing an electrolyte between an anode and a cathode, providing nitrogen and hydrogen gases to the cathode, oxidizing negatively charged nitrogen-containing species and negatively charged hydrogen-containing species present in the electrolyte at the anode to form adsorbed nitrogen species and adsorbed hydrogen species, respectively, and reacting the adsorbed nitrogen species with the adsorbed hydrogen species to form ammonia. Nitrogen and hydrogen gases may be provided through a porous cathode substrate. The negatively charged nitrogen-containing species in the electrolyte may be produced by reducing nitrogen gas at the cathode and / or by supplying a nitrogen-containing salt, such as lithium nitride, into the molten salt electrolyte. Similarly, the negatively charged hydrogen-containing species in the electrolyte may be produced by reducing hydrogen gas at the cathode and / or by supplying a hydrogen-containing salt, such as lithium hydride, into the molten salt electrolyte.

The invention discloses an alumina carrier and a preparation method thereof. In the alumina carrier, aluminum hydroxide gel prepared by a molten salt supersolubilizing micelle method is taken as a raw material. After a surfactant and a hydrocarbon component contained in the gel are molded and baked, nano-alumina particles formed by removing water from the polymerized aluminum hydroxide still have a basic rod-shaped structure and are piled up in an unordered way so as to form a frame structure. The alumina carrier has the characteristics of large pore volume, large pore diameter, high porosity, large orifice on the outer surface and high pore canal penetrability. In particular for macromolecules, the alumina carrier prevents catalyst inactivation caused by the blocking of an ink bottle-shaped orifice, so that impurity deposition is increased, and the running period of a catalyst is prolonged. The alumina carrier can be applied to a catalytic reaction which contains a macromolecule reactant or a macromolecule product.

A rechargeable battery or cell is disclosed in which the electrode active material consists of at least one nonmetallic compound or salt of the electropositive species on which the cell is based, and the electrolyte or electrolyte solvent consists predominantly of a halogen-bearing or chalcogen-bearing covalent compound such as SOCl2 or SO2Cl2. Also disclosed are cell component materials which include electrodes that consist primarily of salts of the cell electropositive species and chemically compatible electrolytes. These latter electrolytes include several newly discovered ambient temperature molten salt systems based on the AlCl3-PCl5 binary and the AlCl3-PCl5-PCl3 ternaries.

Electrolyte solutions for electrochromic devices such as rear view mirrors and displays with low leakage currents are prepared using inexpensive, low conductivity conductors. Preferred electrolytes include bifunctional redox dyes and molten salt solvents with enhanced stability toward ultraviolet radiation. The solvents include lithium or quaternary ammonium cations, and perfluorinated sulfonylimide anions selected from trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3−), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3SO2)2N−), bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3CF2SO2)2N−) and tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide ((CF3SO2)3C−). Electroluminescent, electrochromic and photoelectrochromic devices with nanostructured electrodes include ionic liquids with bifunctional redox dyes. Some of the electrolyte solutions color to red when devices employing the solutions are powered, leading to red or neutral electrooptic devices.

A system for purification of high value metals comprises an electrolytic cell in which an anode formed of a composite of a metal oxide of the metal of interest with carbon is electrochemically reduced in a molten salt electrolyte.

A process of preparing purified Ti by the way of electrolysis directly from sosoloid positive pole, TiO?mTiC. Mix the powder of C and TiO2 or TiC as measurement of chemical reaction. Then press to be certain size to make positive pole, TiO?mTiC in airvoid at 600-1600íµ. Electrolyte is halide fused salt of alkali. Electrolysis at 400-1000íµ. C and O in the positive pole form CO, CO2 and O2. Purified Ti is obtained from negative pole.

A strengthened glass article having a central tension that is below a threshold value above which the glass exhibits frangible behavior. The central tension varies non-linearly with the thickness of the glass. The glass may be used as a cover plate or window for portable or mobile electronic devices such as cellular phones and the like. The article is strengthened by alkal ion-exchange in a molten salt bath.

The invention discloses a nitrate molten salt heat transferring and reserving medium and a preparation method and application thereof. The nitrate molten salt heat transferring and reserving medium is prepared with 5 to 40 percent of potassium nitrate, 5 to 25 percent of sodium nitrate, and 10 to 70 percent of calcium nitrate. The melting point of the nitrate molten salt heat transferring and reserving medium can be as low as 120 DEG C, and the upper limit of temperature for use can reach 550 DEG C, the nitrate molten salt heat transferring and reserving medium has a wide temperature scope of application, can work normally at the temperature scope of 180 DEG C to 550 DEG C, and has good thermal stability; the shortcoming of high melting point of binary nitrate molten salt system can be overcome, and the problem of instability caused by easy oxidative decomposition at high temperature of NaNO2 in the Chinese patent 200110027954.1 and ternary nitrate salt system can be solved, and the problems of corrosion and cost increase caused by the existing LiNO3 in the Chinese patent 00111406.9 and the American patent US007588694B1 can also be solved.

A molten salt composition is disclosed containing two or more types of molten salt MTFSI whose anion is an imide anion TFSI and whose cation is an alkali metal M exhibits a lower electrolyte melting point and a wider operating temperature range than a simple salt does. This brings about various advantages such as a wider range of materials that are chosen for use in batteries and the like.

The invention provides an aluminum electrolysis inert anode of which the material is a high-entropy alloy. The high-entropy alloy contains 5-10 alloy elements of which the mole ratio can be identical or different; and the atomic percent of each main element is 5-35%. The high-entropy alloy inert anode has the characteristics of favorable high-temperature oxidation resistance, high aluminum electrolysis salt corrosion resistance, high electric conductivity and the like. The high-entropy alloy prepared by the smelting method has the advantages of simple technique and low cost, and is easy for connection. When being used for aluminum electrolysis, the high-entropy alloy can avoid the consumption of the carbon anode and the emission of the CO2 gas, and has the advantages of energy saving and emission reduction.

The invention discloses a high-temperature manganic acid lithium cathode material and a preparation method thereof. Single crystal particles of the cathode material consists of a matrix and solid electrolyte which clads the surface of the matrix; the matrix is spinel manganic acid lithium which is doped with anions and cations; and the chemical formula of the material is Li1.05MxMn2-xO4-yQy, wherein M represents the doped cations; and Q represents the doped anions. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing the spinel manganic acid lithium which is doped with the anions and the cations through solid phase reaction; secondly, synthesizing by using a molten-salt growth method to control a crystal form, and preparing the spinel manganic acid lithium having the particle size of 3 to 5 microns and the characteristic of an octahedron single crystal; and finally, cladding the spinel manganic acid lithium by using the solid electrolyte after the crystal form is controlled. The cathode material has high high-temperature performance and high rate cycle performance, and can be applied to electric automobiles or other kinds of lithium ion power batteries.

An ion-exchanged glass article manufacturing method includes an ion-exchange step of bringing a glass article with a composition containing Li into contact with a molten salt dissolved solution containing an alkali metal element having an ionic radius larger than an ionic radius of the Li contained in the glass article, thereby ion-exchanging the Li in the glass article with the alkali metal element in the molten salt dissolved solution. At least one kind of additive selected from the group consisting of NaF, KF, K3AlF6, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, K2CO3, KHCO3, Na2SO4, K2SO4, KAl(SO4)2, Na3PO4, and K3PO4 is added to the molten salt dissolved solution so that the ion-exchange step is carried out while the additive is in a solid state.

An ionic liquid ion source can include a microfabricated body including a base and a tip. The microfabricated body can be formed of a porous metal compatible (e.g., does not react or result in electrochemical decaying or corrosion) with an ionic liquid or a room-temperature molten salt. The microfabricated body can have a pore size gradient that decreases from the base of the body to the tip of the body, so that the ionic liquid can be transported through capillarity from the base to the tip.

A lithium-ion battery comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte including a molten salt. The positive electrode comprises an electroactive compound including phosphorus, oxygen, lithium, and at least one other metal or semi-metal. The combination of such electrode compositions and a molten salt electrolyte provides a battery with very high thermal stability. Other ions, such as alkal metal ions, may be used in place of lithium ions for applications in other battery technologies.

A battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, a molten salt electrolyte, and an electron collector, associated with the first electrode, the electron collector comprising an electrically conducting film. The battery further includes a protection layer separating the electron collector and the first electrode, the protection layer comprising a carbon-containing material. The electron collector may be an electrically conducting material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, nickel, other metal (such as alloys), conducting polymer, and the like. In one example, the protection layer is a graphite layer. In other examples, the protection layer may be a fullerene film, carbon nanotube film, or other carbon-containing material.

The invention belongs to the wet-process metallurgical filed and in particular relates to a method for preparing titanium solution by wet-processing on vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrates. The method for preparing titanium solution by wet-processing on vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrates comprises the following steps of: (1), mixing the vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate with hydrochloric acid, and leaching to obtain an intermediate sizing agent; (2), filtering the intermediate sizing agent to obtain leaching liquor and leaching residues; (3), carrying out water-washing on the leaching slag to obtain washing water and washing slag; (4), carrying out fused-salt reaction on the washing slag to obtain fused-salt reaction materials; (5), carrying out water-washing and filtering on the fused-salt reaction materials to obtain water-washing materials; (6), carrying out acid pickling on the water-washing materials to obtain sizing agent, and filtering to obtain the acid-pickled sizing agent; (7), carrying out acid dissolving on the acid-pickled materials by using a sulfuric acid solution to obtain acid-dissolved materials; and (8), adding the acid-dissolved materials to the sulfuric acid solution for extracting, and filtering to obtain extracting solution which is the titanium solution. According to the method for preparing titanium solution by wet-processing on vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrates disclosed by the invention, the titanium in the iron concentrate is sufficiently utilized, so that the titanium resource utilization rate is high and the recovery rate of the titanium in the titanium concrete is higher than 90%.