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47results about "Nanostructure manufacture" patented technology

Nanometer groove array and manufacturing method and application thereof

PendingCN121376903ANanostructure manufactureDecorative surface effectsComplementary pairSingle strand
The invention relates to a nano groove array and a manufacturing method and application thereof, and the manufacturing method of the nano groove array comprises the following steps: taking single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a DNA brick, and carrying out self-assembly by adopting a complementary pairing principle of the ssDNA to obtain the nano groove array with a base and a side wall; wherein the width and the height of the nano groove array are fixed, the number of grooves is determined, and the nano groove array extends along a single direction; in the nano groove array, the width of the side wall and the width of the groove are equivalent to the diameter of two double-helix DNA (dsDNA). Compared with the prior art, the number of the grooves of the nano groove array is controllable, the width of the grooves is 4 nm, the period of the groove array is 8 nm, and the self-assembly defect can be greatly reduced.
Owner:SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIV

Magnetic nano ferroferric oxide particles regulated and controlled by polyaspartic acid as well as preparation method and application of magnetic nano ferroferric oxide particles

PendingCN121269819ANanostructure manufactureOther chemical processesPolyaspartic acidIron oxide
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of nano functional materials, and particularly discloses magnetic nano ferroferric oxide regulated and controlled by polyaspartic acid and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that 1, a dispersing agent polyaspartic acid or a salt water solution of the polyaspartic acid is added into a Fe < 2 + > / Fe < 3 + > mixed solution, and the mixture is stirred to be uniform to form a precursor dispersion solution; (2) heating the precursor dispersion liquid, dropwise adding an alkali source to adjust the pH value of a reaction system to 8-12, and carrying out a nucleation reaction under ultrasonic treatment; and (3) after the reaction is finished, separating the magnetic particles through an external magnetic field, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol for 2-5 times, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the magnetic nano ferroferric oxide particles. The prepared magnetic nano ferroferric oxide has the particle size of 30-80nm, the saturation magnetization of more than or equal to 36emu / g, stable dispersion and the cell survival rate of more than or equal to 80%. The method solves the problems of particle aggregation, weak magnetism and complex process in the traditional method, can be used for wastewater treatment, and is economical and efficient in process and suitable for large-scale production.
Owner:HUAIYIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Sulfur material containing a quantum dot component, electrode, and production method thereof

PCT designated stageWO2026096646A1Material nanotechnologyNanostructure manufactureElectrical batteryNiobium
A material includes sulfur, and a quantum dot component. The quantum dot component is at least one component selected from the group consisting of: a quantum dot-nanotube composite, a quantum dot-graphene composite, carbon quantum dots consisting essentially of carbon, and hybrid quantum dots comprising carbon and at least one metal oxide. Another material includes sulfur, a carbon quantum dot composite material and an electrically conductive component. The carbon quantum dot composite material includes a carbon source, carbon nanotubes and at least one metal and / or metalloid selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, ruthenium, niobium, tantalum, germanium, iron, silver, manganese, titanium, tin, antimony, bismuth, gold, silicon, nickel, cobalt, chromium, zirconium, and vanadium; or oxide thereof; and combinations thereof. The material may be used in a lithium-sulfur battery. This may overcome or partially overcome the shuttle effect.
Owner:NAMICS CORPORATION +5

Nanotube array manufacturing method, nanotube array and device

PendingJP2026506427AMaterial nanotechnologyNanostructure manufactureBi layerNanotechnology
The present invention provides a nanotube array manufacturing method, a nanotube array, and a device, the method comprising the steps of: manufacturing a bilayer two-dimensional material having a relative include angle of lattice orientation on a substrate as a template; determining a chiral parameter of the nanotubes to be manufactured corresponding to the relative include angle of the lattice orientation of the bilayer two-dimensional material; determining a nanoribbon orientation and nanoribbon width based on the determined chiral parameter; determining a pitch between nanoribbons based on the density and nanoribbon width of the nanotubes to be manufactured; etching the bilayer two-dimensional material based on the determined nanoribbon orientation, nanoribbon width, and pitch between nanoribbons to obtain a nanoribbon array of the bilayer two-dimensional material; and thermally exciting the obtained nanotube array made of the bilayer two-dimensional material to obtain a nanotube array. The present invention can manufacture a nanotube array with controllable density, orientation, and chirality.
Owner:ZHEJIANG UNIV +1

Articles including a multilayer optical film and a nanostructured layer and methods of making the same

PCT designated stageWO2025248504A1MirrorsNanostructure manufactureReactive-ion etchingNanostructure
The present disclosure provides an article including a multilayer optical film including first optical layers and second optical layers, plus a boundary layer directly attached to a major surface of the multilayer optical film. The boundary layer includes a major surface opposite the multilayer optical film that has a nanostructured anisotropic surface. A method of making the article is also provided, including attaching a boundary layer directly to a major surface of a multilayer optical film, depositing an etch mask material on a major surface of the boundary layer opposite the multilayer optical film, and subsequently or concurrently reactive ion etching to anisotropically remove material in unmasked areas.
Owner:3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO

Nanostructure including quantum dot, composite including the nanostructure, and display panel and electronic device including the composite

ActiveUS12644048B2Material nanotechnologyNanostructure manufactureNano structuringQuantum dot
A nanostructure including a metal core, a metal shell surrounding the metal core, and a dielectric layer disposed between the metal core and the metal shell and including a quantum dot, a composite including the nanostructure, a display panel including the composite, and an electronic device including the display panel.
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD +1

Resin composition for forming phase-separated structures, method for producing structures containing phase-separated structures, and block copolymer

PendingJP2026077596ALiquid surface applicatorsNanostructure manufacture
The present invention provides a resin composition for forming a phase-separated structure that is capable of forming a phase-separated structure with excellent orientation and in-plane uniformity, a method for producing a structure containing a phase-separated structure using the same, and a block copolymer to be used in the resin composition for forming the phase-separated structure. [Solution] A resin composition for forming a phase-separated structure, comprising a block copolymer having three blocks, the first to the third, the third block being located between the first and second blocks, the first block being composed of a polymer consisting of a repeating structure of a structural unit represented by formula (b1), the second block being composed of a polymer consisting of a repeating structure of a structural unit represented by formula (b2), and the third block being composed of a polymer consisting of a repeating structure of a structural unit derived from a monomer having a LogP value higher than the LogP value of methyl methacrylate. TIFF2026077596000021.tif41134
Owner:TOKYO OHKA KOGYO CO LTD

Atomic-level construction method of fixed-axis molecular rotors and their arrays on semiconductor substrate surfaces

ActiveCN119797275BNanostructure manufactureVacuum evaporation coatingChemical physicsScanning tunneling microscope
This invention discloses an atomic-level construction method for a fixed-axis molecular rotor and its array on a semiconductor substrate. Metal atoms and phthalocyanine molecules are deposited on the semiconductor substrate surface using an ultra-high vacuum thermal evaporation method. The phthalocyanine molecules are laterally manipulated using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to place them onto the surface-adsorbed metal atoms. The metal atoms are then longitudinally manipulated using the STM to place them onto the phthalocyanine molecules, resulting in a metal atom-phthalocyanine molecule-metal atom fixed-axis molecular rotor composite structure. The rotation and control of the molecular rotor are achieved by applying a gate voltage to regulate the local potential. This method achieves atomic-level precise anchoring of the molecular rotor composite structure and realizes the rotor array arrangement. The rotation speed is controlled by regulating the local potential through the gate voltage of pre-embedded electrodes. By precisely designing the molecular rotor array using individual atoms and molecules as basic units, the problem of the inability to reposition and arrange molecular structures is solved.
Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV

Laser control device, optical tweezers generation system, laser control method, optical tweezers generation method, and program

PendingCN121866224ANanostructure manufactureNanoinformaticsSpatial light modulatorMaterials science
A laser control device controls the phase of light output from a spatial light modulator that generates optical tweezers on the basis of the vibration frequency of particles captured by an optical tweezers array.
Owner:INTER UNIV RES INST NAT INST OF NATURAL SCI

DNA unfolding using free end tag flow modification reagents

PendingCN122122313ANanostructure manufactureMicrobiological testing/measurementCharge separationA-DNA
Methods are provided for utilizing the charged nature of DNA to facilitate DNA extension and manipulate its orientation. The method includes attaching highly charged molecules to the free ends of a DNA molecule to transform the DNA molecule into a pseudo-dipole. Upon application of an external electric field, charge separation can cause the DNA to extend and / or align with the electric field lines. This method provides a practical means of achieving a controlled, unfolded state of DNA with a predetermined orientation.
Owner:ROBERT BOSCH GMBH

Method and apparatus for the in-situ structured deposition of three-dimensional micro- and / or nanostructures on a substrate

PendingDE102024119902A1Nanostructure manufactureElectric discharge tubesMicro nanoEngineering
A method and a device for the in-situ structured deposition of three-dimensional micro- and / or nanostructures (20) on a substrate (30) by means of ion beam etching through a mask (50) are described, wherein the method (100) comprises: providing the mask (50), which comprises a first layer (51) with at least one channel (60) in which material (62) to be removed is arranged, or at least two layers (51, 52), wherein the first layer (51) comprises at least one channel (60) in which material (62) to be removed is arranged, and a second layer (52) which spans the first layer (51) in the form of a perforated membrane (70); arranging the mask (50) above a substrate (30) to be coated; arranging the mask (50) with the substrate (30) to be coated in an ion beam etching system (40);subsequent creation of a vacuum in the ion beam etching system (40) to cause the ion beam to penetrate the at least one channel (60) under vacuum and for the material physically removed by the ion beam to strike the substrate (30) as coating material (62).
Owner:FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV

Roller device as well as system and method for embedding a surface structure in an object

PendingDE112023006504A5Nanostructure manufactureDecorative surface effectsScroll wheelPhysics
The invention relates to a roll device (1) for applying pressure to an embossing element (30) which, during an embossing process, introduces a surface structure in an object, in particular an embossing compound (12), wherein during the embossing process, the roll device (1) acts on the embossing element (30) via a contact face and moves along a translational direction (T) in a rotational manner about a rotational axis (R) in order to act on the embossing element (30) over contact faces which are offset to one another along the translational direction (T), in particular one after the other, comprising: - a core element (2) and - a casing element (3) surrounding the core element (2), wherein the core element (2) and the casing element (3) are designed such that an effect of force acts homogeneously on the embossing element both over the contact face along a direction perpendicular to the translational direction (T) and over a plurality of contact faces which follow one another in the translational direction (T).
Owner:EV GRP E THALLNER GMBH

Composition containing graphene and graphene nanoplatelets and preparation process thereof

ActiveUS12534586B2Material nanotechnologyNanostructure manufacturePolymer scienceFrequency spectrum
A process for preparing a composition from graphite material by contacting the graphite material with a main solvent comprising at least 10% by weight, with respect to a total weight of the main solvent, of a vinyl aromatic monomer alone or in a mixture up to 50% by weight with additional copolymerizable monomers, thereby forming a starting composition; subjecting to an ultrasound treatment with a frequency spectrum ranging between 18 kHz and 1000 kHz, at a pressure equal to or higher than 2 bar absolute and in a container or sonication chamber wherein no separated phase of fluid at the gaseous phase contacts said composition; and polymerizing at least 1% of the vinyl aromatic monomer present in the main solvent, wherein the composition is at least partially polymerized and contains graphene and graphene nanoplatelets durably dispersed in the solvent, and the composition is without any evident formations of deposits or separated phases for at least 30 days.
Owner:VERSALIS SPA

Resin composition for forming phase-separated structure, method for producing structure including phase-separated structure, and block copolymer

PendingUS20260117014A1Liquid surface applicatorsNanostructure manufacturePolymer scienceStructural unit
A resin composition including a block copolymer having a first block, a second block, and a third block, in which the third block is located between the first block and the second block The first block includes a polymer having a repeating structure of a structural unit represented by the following formula (b1), the second block including a polymer having a repeating structure of structural unit represented by the following formula (b2), the third block includes a polymer having a repeating structure of structural unit derived from a high Log P monomer, and the high Log P monomer has a higher Log P value than methyl methacrylate
Owner:TOKYO OHKA KOGYO CO LTD

Method for controlling motion behavior of micro-nano motor by adjusting engine distribution asymmetry degree

PendingCN121044540ANanostructure manufactureMachines/enginesMicro nanoNano-device
The invention discloses a method for controlling the motion behavior of a micro-nano motor by adjusting the distribution asymmetry degree of an engine, and belongs to the field of intelligent materials and bionic micro-nano device construction. According to the method, on the basis of a liquid-liquid phase separation principle, polyacrylic acid and quaternized glucan are taken as elements, and condensed fluid drops are prepared in a buffer solution to serve as an engine regulator for enriching and protecting a biological enzyme engine; by adjusting the polarity of surface groups of solid-phase carrier microspheres and changing the interfacial tension among a condensate phase, a water phase and a solid phase, the three-phase tentacles among the condensate engine regulator, a solution and a substrate are further adjusted and controlled, so that the distribution asymmetry degree of a micro-nano motor engine is changed, the distribution condition of a biological enzyme engine in an interface area is changed, and the stability of the biological enzyme engine is improved. And regulation and control on the movement speed of the micro-nano motor driven by the biological enzyme are realized. According to the invention, a strategy for realizing micro-nano motor engine distribution asymmetry control by regulating and controlling the three-phase interfacial tension is provided for the first time.
Owner:HARBIN INST OF TECH

Sulfur material containing quantum dot component, method for producing the sulfur material, electrode, and lithium-sulfur battery

PCT designated stageWO2026095928A1Material nanotechnologyNanostructure manufactureElectrical batteryLithium sulfur
A material may include sulfur and a quantum dot component. The quantum dot component may be a quantum dot-nanotube composite, a quantum dot-graphene composite, carbon quantum dots consisting essentially of carbon, hybrid quantum dots comprising carbon and at least one metal oxide, or any combination. A method of making the material may involve making the quantum dot component by a sol-gel process and combining the quantum dot component with the sulfur. The material may serve as a cathode material for a battery, particularly a lithium-sulfur battery. The lithium-sulfur battery may overcome or partially overcome the shuttle effect.
Owner:NAMICS CORPORATION +4

Cathode for oxygen treatment apparatus and refrigerator

PendingEP4597010A4Non-insulated conductorsNanostructure manufactureEngineeringRefrigerated temperature
The present application provides a cathode for an oxygen processing device, and an oxygen processing device and refrigerator, wherein the cathode comprises: a mesh conductive film comprising at least one movable intersection point configured to absorb stress through movement. When the cathode is subjected to stress, since the movable intersection point on the mesh conductive film can absorb stress through movement, the stress can be transferred to and "concentrated" at the movable intersection point. The movement of the movable intersection point will not cause significant changes in a shape of the mesh conductive film. Therefore, the mesh conductive film as a whole will hardly undergo significant deformation due to stress, which is beneficial for improving the structural stability of the cathode.
Owner:QINDAO HAIER REFRIGERATOR CO LTD +1

Additive manufacturing method and equipment for fabricating micro-nano-atomic structures

PendingUS20260109597A1Nanostructure manufactureAdditive manufacturing apparatusParallel plateNanostructure
An additive manufacturing method for fabricating 3D nanostructures, comprising: generating charged species, and controlling a first fluid field to transport the charged species; controlling a second fluid field and a first electric field to transport and screen the charged species, thereby generating charged screened particles for printing; configuring a second electric field to directionally migrate the charged screened particles, enabling them to move to preset printing sites; moving the printing sites in multiple directions to realize 3D printing, the second electric field is generated by three parallel plates connected to external electric potentials, the plates comprise a conductive upper plate connected to V1, a patterned layer connected to V2, and a substrate connected to V3; the upper plate and the patterned layer generate the first electric field, and the patterned layer is located between the upper plate and the substrate, with distances h1 and h2 respectively.
Owner:SHANGHAI TECH UNIV

Fe-y / mgO catalyst, preparation method thereof and method for synthesizing single-walled carbon nanotubes by using the catalyst without hydrogen chemical vapor deposition

PendingCN122183629ANanostructure manufactureCarbon nanotubes
The application discloses a Fe-Y / MgO catalyst, a preparation method of the Fe-Y / MgO catalyst and a method for synthesizing single-walled carbon nanotubes by adopting the Fe-Y / MgO catalyst without hydrogen chemical vapor deposition, and belongs to the technical field of functional materials. The Fe-Y / MgO catalyst comprises a carrier and an active component. The carrier is magnesium oxide, and the active component is an oxide of iron and yttrium. The loading amount of the active component is 1-50 wt% in terms of the weight percentage of metal elements, and the molar ratio of iron to yttrium is 1:(0.1-20). Methane is used as a carbon source, nitrogen is used as a protective gas, the Fe-Y / MgO is used as a catalyst, and the single-walled carbon nanotubes are grown by adopting an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method to catalyze and crack the methane. The high melting point metal yttrium is used to dilute and anchor the iron active phase, the high-temperature stability of the catalyst is improved, the active metal agglomeration is inhibited, the preparation of the single-walled carbon nanotubes with a narrow diameter distribution and high quality is realized under the condition of no hydrogen, and the method has a good industrial application prospect.
Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV

An apparatus for performing quantum gate operations, and method thereof

PendingGB2641715AQuantum computersNanostructure manufactureQuantum gateMechanical engineering
An apparatus (100) for performing quantum gate operations comprising: a trap system (110) configured to: confine a first portion of a plurality of particles in a first zone (120); confine a second por
Owner:OXFORD IONICS LTD

Self-organization and precise arrangement of superparticles at all scales.

A method for assembling building blocks into supraparticles is disclosed, comprising: applying a first solvent onto a template of patterned recessed regions to wet the surfaces of the recessed regions; applying a second solvent onto the template of patterned recessed regions, wherein the building blocks are suspended in the second solvent; wherein the first and second solvents are incompletely miscible such that the interfacial surface tension between the first and second solvents is negligible; and wherein droplets of the second solvent spread droplets of the first solvent within the recessed regions, thereby assembling the building blocks into supraparticles within the recessed regions.
Owner:RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA

Quantum dot manufacturing method

ActiveJP7864963B2Nanostructure manufactureOptical filters
A method for manufacturing quantum dots according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of preparing a first solution including at least one first cation precursor and a second solution including at least one first anion precursor, mixing the first solution and the second solution at 20°C to 130°C to prepare a first mixture, heating the first mixture to a high temperature of 300°C within one minute, and cooling the heated first mixture to below 100°C within one minute to form a core, wherein the first cation precursor includes an indium oxocluster.
Owner:DCT CO LTD

Method of obtaining a pharmaceutical agent used for inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells

The given invention is related to the field of medicine, namely to experimental research in oncology, and can be used to obtain a pharmaceutical agent for inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cervical cancer cells. It entails the use of a metal powder obtained in a gaseous medium by means of an electric explosion of a wire made of low-carbon steel carried out with a specific energy of 7-18 KJ / g and a pulse duration of 1.2-2 μs. The explosion is carried out inside a reactor that is pre-evacuated to a residual pressure of 10−2 Pa. and then filled with carbon monoxide to a pressure of 105 Pa at a gas circulation rate flow of 10 m / s. The products of the explosion deposited in a hopper are passivated in air for at least 48 hours. The resulting powder is extracted and mixed with a solution of the RPMI-1640 nutrient medium with L-glutamine, a pH of 7.2, in the proportion of the mass of the powder to the volume of the specified solution from 1:10 to 2.7:10. The solution is then centrifuged until the phases are separated. The liquid phase is decanted and used as a pharmaceutical agent. The purpose of the given invention is to expand the arsenal of tools for inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells.
Owner:LLC LAB OF INNOVATIVE TECH

Method for the production of hard / soft magnetic FeCo / SiO2 / MnBi nanoparticles with magnetically induced morphology and hard / soft magnetic FeCo / SiO2 / MnBi nanoparticles with magnetically induced morphology

ActiveDE102015107049B4Nanostructure manufactureLiquid applicationPtru catalystSilicic acid
Method for the production of a core-shell-shell FeCo / SiO2 / MnBi nanoparticle comprising: a) Joint reduction of an iron ion and a cobalt ion from a common solution; and joint precipitation of an FeCo alloy nanoparticle; Isolating the FeCo nanoparticle from the reduction mixture; b) Forming a silicon dioxide coating on the FeCo nanoparticle to obtain a core-shell nanoparticle, wherein the nanoparticles are treated with tetraethyl orthosilicate in a water-ethanol mixture using triethylamine as a basic catalyst; and c) Forming a MnBi alloy nanocoating on the core-jacket nanoparticle by reducing Bi ions through a Mn-lithium borohydride complex by precipitation from a solution as a MnBi alloy onto the silicon dioxide jacket; the formation of the MnBi alloy nanocoating c) is carried out in a magnetic field of 0.005 T (50 Gauss) to 0.08 T (800 Gauss).
Owner:TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK

Production of nanowires for mass production

UndeterminedDE102024139289A1Nanostructure manufactureElectroforming nanostructuresNanowireElectrically conductive
Method for producing a plurality of nanowires (1) on an electrically conductive surface (2), comprising: a) applying a masking layer (3) to the surface (2), wherein the masking layer (3) has multiple recesses (4) in which the surface (2) is uncovered by the masking layer (3), b) applying a respective foil piece (5) to the surface (2) in each of the recesses (4), wherein the foil pieces (5) each have a plurality of pores (6) extending continuously over a thickness (dF) of the respective foil piece (5), c) growing the nanowires (1) onto the surface (2) into the pores (6) of the foil pieces (5).
Owner:NANOWIRED GMBH

Universal atomic layer etching device and method

PCT designated stageWO2026063862A1Nanostructure manufactureElectric discharge tubesReactive gasAnisotropic etching
A universal atomic layer etching (ALE) device for both isotropic and anisotropic etching is disclosed The universal ALE device includes a holder configured hold a substrate, an ALE chamber enclosing the holder to conceal the substrate internally and hermetically, and a plasma source configured to supply plasma into the ALE chamber. An integrated showerhead is positioned between the holder and the plasma source, dividing the ALE chamber into a first compartment configured to receive the plasma and a second chamber configured to distribute reactive gas to the substrate. The integrated showerhead includes a first tier having at least one first inlet configured to receive an inert gas, a second tier having at least one second inlet configured receive a reactive gas, and a plurality of common outlets for distributing the inert gas and the reactive gas towards the substrate directly.
Owner:APPLIED ANGSTROM TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD

Multi-degree-of-freedom magnetic tweezers manipulation method and system

The application belongs to the technical field of magnetic tweezers control, and discloses a multi-degree-of-freedom magnetic tweezers control method and system. The application discards the control mode of traditional magnetic tweezers relying on magnetic attraction, and instead uses a special gradient magnetic field configuration, so that the magnetic ball is subjected to magnetic repulsion force in a direction away from a zero magnetic field point, and the magnetic repulsion force is proportional to the distance of the magnetic ball to the zero point, thereby realizing linear and direct force control relationship. By changing the current of the gradient field coil to move the spatial position of the magnetic field zero point, the magnetic repulsion force can be linearly adjusted, so as to realize precise and decoupled control of three-dimensional translation of the magnetic ball; further, by controlling the net torque exerted by the zero point around the movement of the magnetic ball, three-dimensional rotation control is realized. The system has fast response speed, high control precision and good stability, solves the problems of limited control degree of freedom, difficult decoupling, complex system and weak anti-interference ability in the prior art, and has wide application in the fields of biomedicine, nanomaterial research, atomic-level manufacturing and micro-nano electromechanical systems.
Owner:HUAZHONG UNIV OF SCI & TECH

An apparatus for performing quantum gate operations, and method thereof

PCT designated stageWO2025248228A1Quantum computersNanostructure manufactureControl systemQuantum gate
An apparatus (100) for performing quantum gate operations comprising: a trap system (110) configured to: confine a first portion of a plurality of particles in a first zone (120); confine a second portion of a plurality of particles in a second zone (130); and a control system (150) configured to: perform a first quantum gate operation on the first portion of the plurality of particles; and perform a second quantum gate operation on the second portion of the plurality of particles; wherein: the first portion and the second portion of the plurality of particles each comprise two or more particles.
Owner:OXFORD IONICS LTD