44 results about "Stoichiometry" patented technology

A vacuum insulating panel includes first and second substrates (e.g., glass substrates), a hermetic edge seal, a pump-out port, and spacers sandwiched between at least the two substrates. The gap between the substrates may be at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure to provide insulating properties. The vacuum insulating panel may include a multi-layer edge seal structure, including at least one layer including boron oxide (e.g., B2O3 or any other stoichiometry).

The invention relates to the field of online analysis of chemical components of materials, and discloses an online monitoring process for components of a lead frame electroplating solution, which comprises the following steps: conventionally monitoring the spectrum of the electroplating solution to calculate the concentration; calculating a spectral entropy index based on the deviation degree of the real-time spectrum and a pre-established statistical baseline model, and comparing the spectral entropy index with a preset failure trigger threshold; a dynamic calibration step is started only when the spectral entropy index exceeds the preset failure trigger threshold, the dynamic calibration step compares a physical true difference spectrum with a model virtual difference spectrum by injecting a standard pulse to generate a model error vector, and the model error vector is utilized to correct the chemometrics model, so that the stoichiometry accuracy is improved. According to the method, on-demand calibration is realized, and the consumption of the standard substance is reduced while the real-time accuracy of the model is guaranteed.

The invention provides a method for detecting the hydroxyl value of a polyether material. The method comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a standard quantitative system of a derivatization reagent; (2) fully reacting a to-be-detected polyether material with the excessive derivatization reagent; (3) testing the peak area of the unreacted derivatization reagent by adopting chromatography; (4) comparing with a standard quantitative system of the derivatization reagent, and calculating the content of the unreacted derivatization reagent; and (5) calculating the consumption of the derivatization reagent in the step (2) by using the calculated content of the unreacted derivatization reagent, thereby calculating the hydroxyl value of the polyether material according to the stoichiometric relationship. Wherein the derivatization reagent comprises at least one hydroxyl esterifying agent selected from the following groups: phthalic anhydride, acetic anhydride and benzoyl chloride.

A method of making a vacuum insulating panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, a plurality of spacers provided in a gap between at least the first and second substrates, and a seal provided between at least the first and second substrates, the seal comprising a first seal layer, and optionally second and / or third primer layer(s). The method may include at least one of: (i) laser heating, using a laser beam from a laser, the first seal material for firing and / or sintering the first seal material to form the first seal layer, in a manner that causes TeO4>TeO3 in the first seal material to transform into TeO3>TeO4 due to said laser heating, whereby an amount of TeO4 decreases and an amount of TeO3 increases due to said laser heating, and / or (ii) laser heating in a manner that causes V2O5>VO2 in the first seal material to transform into VO2>V2O5 due to said laser heating whereby an amount of VO2 increases and an amount of V2O5 decreases due to said laser heating, so that after said laser heating the first seal layer comprises more VO2 than V2O5 by wt. %.

A system and method for optimizing combustion in boiler. The optimization of the combustion in the boiler involves obtaining various data relating to the flow of fuel and air to burners of the boiler and the flame in the burner zone of the boiler that is generated from the introduction of the fuel and air into the burner zone. The data is used to determine air flows to the burners. The data and air flows are used to balance air and fuel at individual burners by manipulating air to match the fuel flow. The balancing of air and fuel at individual burners by manipulating air to match the fuel flow uses a guided search optimization algorithm that mixes stoichiometry determinations with a custom search algorithm that accounts for measurement inaccuracies and unexpected interactions between burners.

A 2-bromoacrylamide assisted cyclization sequencing (BACS) method allows quantitative profiling of pseudouridine (psi) at single base resolution. Based on bromoacrylamide cyclization chemistry, BACS induces psi-to-C mutations during reverse transcription (RT) instead of truncation or deletion of features, thus providing higher resolution and enabling more accurate quantification of psi stoichiometry compared to CMC and BS based methods. The BACS of the invention allows for precise identification of psi positions, in particular in densely modified psi regions and continuous uridine sequences, compared to known methods. Accordingly, methods, compositions, and kits for detecting psi are possible. In the case of RNA molecules, this allows psi to be detected and sequenced in such sequences.

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of special ceramic materials, particularly relates to a method for preparing a high-frequency low-loss LTCC (Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic) material by utilizing an external doping means, and aims to solve the problem of non-uniform distribution of a doping agent caused by a traditional physical mixing method. The core of the method is that an atomic layer deposition technology is adopted to carry out surface modification on ceramic main powder, dopant compound coating layers with atomic-scale thickness and accurate and controllable stoichiometry grow on the surfaces of main powder particles layer by layer, and core-shell structure composite powder is formed; the composite powder is subjected to subsequent slurry preparation, molding and sintering, and finally the high-frequency low-loss LTCC material is obtained. According to the invention, agglomeration and non-uniform distribution of the dopant are avoided from the source, so that the LTCC material has high density, a uniform microstructure and extremely low dielectric loss at a high frequency band, and customized design of performance is realized.

A method for large-scale synthesis of calcium lanthanum sulfide (CLS) powders and the resulting optical-grade materials are disclosed. The CLS powders, including compositions such as CaLa2S4, CaLa2.0-2.7S4.0-5.05, and CaLa18S28, are produced via an aqueous combustion process utilizing lanthanum nitrate, calcium nitrate, and thioacetamide as a sulfur donor. The exothermic combustion step generates localized high temperatures, forming nanostructured CLS powders with uniform stoichiometry and phase purity without the need for prolonged calcination. The powders exhibit excellent sinterability and can be consolidated by hot isostatic pressing into windows, domes, and lenses with infrared transmittance exceeding 50% in the 8-14 μm range and high mechanical strength. The process is scalable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly, enabling cost-effective production of infrared optical components for missile and defense applications.

The invention discloses a device and a method for analyzing, tracing and calibrating a natural gas detection pipe. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a quantitative detection pipe indicator which can be subjected to color change reaction with a component to be detected with a carrier; (2) the carrier is divided into n parts, n detection tubes are filled with the carrier, the indicator in each detection tube is m / n (mol), the stoichiometric coefficient of the indicator of a to-be-detected component is k, and the to-be-detected component consumed by full and complete reaction with the indicator is km / n (mol); (3) determining the ratio r of the color change length in the detection tube to the total filling length of the detection tube carrier, wherein the molar weight of the corresponding calibration target component to be detected is rkm / n (mol); and (4) measuring the natural gas sample size v (L), and detecting the concentration rkm / nv (mol / L) of the component to be measured. According to the invention, a mode of performing stoichiometry on the indicator which is subjected to color change reaction with the to-be-detected component is adopted, and calibration by adopting standard gas is not needed during measurement, so that the problems that the traceability uncertainty is high when the standard gas is adopted for calibration and the accuracy is poor when a detection tube is influenced by temperature, pressure and manual operation can be avoided.

Abstract The present invention specifies a process and a plant for production of a synthesis gas stream which makes it possible to produce the synthesis gas stream with a stoichiometry number suitable for the methanol synthesis or other syntheses. To this end an electrolytically produced hydrogen stream is admixed with a hydrocarbon-containing input gas stream and the resulting hydrogen-containing and hydrocarbon-containing input gas stream is reacted in the presence of oxygen to afford synthesis gas in a reforming step. The process mode according to the invention has the advantage that the electrolytically produced hydrogen stream need not be treated, in particular no oxygen need be removed from the electrolytically produced hydrogen stream. The invention further comprises a process and a plant for production of methanol comprising the process according to the invention and the plant according to the invention for production of the synthesis gas stream. (Figure 3) 20 23 20 61 95 2 0 Ju l 2 02 3 Abstract 2023 The present invention specifies a process and a plant for production of a synthesis gas stream which makes it possible to produce the synthesis gas stream with a stoichiometry 0101 number suitable for the methanol synthesis or other syntheses. To this end an electrolytically produced hydrogen stream is admixed with a hydrocarbon-containing input gas stream and the resulting hydrogen-containing and hydrocarbon-containing input gas stream is reacted in the presence of oxygen to afford synthesis gas in a reforming step. The process mode according to the invention has the advantage that the electrolytically produced hydrogen stream need not be treated, in particular no oxygen need be removed from the electrolytically produced hydrogen stream. The invention further comprises a process and a plant for production of methanol comprising the process according to the invention and the plant according to the invention for production of the synthesis gas stream. (Figure 3) F ig . 3 11 12 15 16 10 13 20 21 22 23 40 28 29 3 18 17 32 33 37 35 38 39 3 / 4 20 23 20 61 95 2 0 Ju l 2 02 3 2023206195 20 Jul 2023 3 39 22 10 12 11 23 29 21 13 20 40 38 16 15 28 35 18 17 33 32 37 Fig. 3Fig. 3 37 33 32 18 17 35 16 38 13 23 21 20 12 11 22 10 66

The application discloses a nitrogen and phosphorus synergic management method of river-estuary continuum, and belongs to the technical field of ecological management, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, using the coastal eutrophication potential index to diagnose the key nutrient elements affecting the stoichiometry of nutrient salts and flux; S2, determining the ecological threshold values of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus in different zones of the estuary according to the relationship between the nutrient concentration and the ecological response index; S3, comprehensively diagnosing the eutrophication risk based on the coastal eutrophication potential index and the ecological threshold value, and judging whether to select the basin management or the estuary management; S4, identifying the key source area of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution which substantially limits the water quality target of the downstream under the water function zoning and the environmental capacity limitation; and S5, putting forward the nitrogen and phosphorus synergic management strategy based on the cost-benefit analysis; the application realizes the whole-chain nitrogen and phosphorus synergic management and control of land-sea overall planning, zoning refinement, accurate tracing, and economic efficiency, and is popularized and applied to the comprehensive treatment of eutrophication of river-estuary continuum.

This disclosure provides a method for determining the critical moment and thermodynamic state parameters of a chemical reaction containing a gaseous component. The method for determining the critical moment of a chemical reaction containing a gaseous component includes determining a first stoichiometric coefficient and a first mass change of a first substance in the chemical reaction, and a second stoichiometric coefficient and a second mass change of a second substance. Both the first and second substances include at least one of the following: a gaseous component in the chemical reaction, a solid component in the chemical reaction, and a liquid component in the chemical reaction; determining a first reaction execution rate based on the first mass change and the first stoichiometric coefficient; determining a second reaction execution rate based on the second mass change and the second stoichiometric coefficient; obtaining a stoichiometric window function to characterize the critical moment of the chemical reaction containing a gaseous component based on the first and second reaction execution rates; and determining the critical moment of the above reaction based on the stoichiometric window function.

This invention discloses a method for eliminating adsorbed carbon on the surface of a carbide coating. The method involves plasma-activating a substrate containing a defective carbide coating, then applying a repair slurry to the surface of the substrate to obtain a repair slurry layer. After drying, the sintering process yields the final product. This method can restore the surface C / M stoichiometry to 0.9-1.03 through a quantitative reaction between the applied slurry and the adsorbed carbon on the coating surface. Simultaneously, the coating becomes dense and defect-free. This method is particularly suitable for repairing coatings on graphite substrate thermal field components used in semiconductor crystal growth, and can significantly improve crystal growth quality.

A vacuum insulating panel includes first and second substrates (e.g., glass substrates), a hermetic edge seal, a pump-out port, and spacers sandwiched between at least the two substrates. The gap between the substrates may be at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure to provide insulating properties. The vacuum insulating panel may include a multi-layer edge seal structure, including at least one layer including boron oxide (e.g., B2O3 or any other stoichiometry).

The invention relates to a method for controlled deposition of an oxide layer (80) of a target oxide (82) on a substrate (70) in a thermal laser epitaxy (TLE) system (100), the target oxide (82) comprising defined stoichiometry and being formed from one or more vaporized and / or sublimated source materials and oxygen derived from a gaseous oxidant (54), the TLE system (100) further comprises a reaction chamber (10) and one or more laser sources (20) for providing a laser beam (22) within the reaction chamber (10). The invention further relates to a TLE system (100) designed to carry out the method.

This invention discloses a method and application for synergistic modification of sulfide electrolytes through doping and coating. The technical solution includes: step (1), mixing LiCl, P2S5, Li2S, and LiX according to Li 6‑a PS 5‑ a Cl 1+a‑b X b After weighing according to stoichiometry, ball milling is performed, where 0 < a < 0.8, 0 < b < 0.5, and X is one or more of F (fluorine), Br (bromine), and I (iodine); Step (2): After pressing the raw material obtained in step (1) into tablets, it is sealed in a sintering container and subjected to a first-stage high-temperature sintering at 450~600℃ for 1~15 h to form an F, Br, or I doped modified sulfide electrolyte; Step (3): After adding 0~20% by mass of one or more of AlCl3, NbCl5, and BiCl3 to the electrolyte obtained after sintering in step (2), ball milling is performed; Step (4): After pressing the raw material obtained in step (3) into tablets, it is sealed in a sintering container and subjected to a second-stage low-temperature sintering at 200~450℃ for 1~8 h, utilizing the low melting point characteristics of the surface coating compounds AlCl3, NbCl5, and BiCl3, to achieve Li 6‑a PS 5‑a Cl 1+a Synergistic modification of electrolyte bulk phase doping and surface coating.

The application discloses a dense oxide coating and a physical vapor deposition method and application thereof. The dense oxide coating comprises a metal layer and an oxide layer, and the oxide layer is deposited on the surface of the metal layer. The physical vapor deposition method comprises the following process flow: loading a substrate; performing ion cleaning on the substrate; introducing inert gas, starting a Cr target, and depositing a metal layer on the surface of the substrate; introducing mixed gas of oxygen and inert gas, the flow rate ratio of the oxygen and the inert gas being 3:1 to 2:1, starting the Cr target, depositing an oxide layer on the surface of the metal layer, and depositing for 1 to 5 min; and changing the flow rate ratio of the oxygen and the inert gas to 1.5:1 to 1:1, and depositing for 60 to 180 min. By adjusting the flow rate ratio of the oxygen and the argon in stages, the oxygen partial pressure is reduced after the target material is poisoned, so that the stoichiometry, the compactness and the mechanical properties of the coating are balanced, the performance of the coating is improved and optimized, and the process window for preparing the coating is expanded. The application can be widely applied to the technical field of coating preparation.

One example of a method includes a step of loading a model associated with a first organism. The method further comprises a step of defining a molar relationship, wherein the molar relationship comprises stoichiometry between the one or more intermediate metabolites and the target substance; a step for defining, on the basis of the molar relationship and one or more reaction pathways from the plurality of reaction pathways, a coefficient based on a first ratio establishing a relationship between the production rate of the target substance and the consumption rate of the consumed substance; a step for performing a first bi-clustering operation to group two or more reaction pathways from among a plurality of reaction pathways associated with the target substance; and a step for optimizing a coefficient based on the first ratio by applying one or more constraints to the production of the target substance on the basis of the first biclustering operation.

A method, device, and system are disclosed. One example of a method includes loading a model associated with a first organism. The method may further include defining a molar relationship that includes stoichiometry between one or more intermediate metabolites and a target substance, defining, based on the molar relationship and one or more reaction pathways from the plurality of reaction pathways, a first ratio-based factor that establishes a relationship between a production rate of the target substance and a consumption rate of the consumed substance, performing a first bi-clustering operation to group two or more of the plurality of reaction pathways associated with the target substance, and optimizing, based on the first bi-clustering operation, the first ratio-based factor by placing one or more constraints on production of the target substance.

The invention discloses an Nb-doped N-type bismuth-antimony alloy ultralow-temperature thermoelectric material and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of thermoelectric materials, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: taking Bi block, Sb block and Nb block materials as initial raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the element stoichiometry of Bi85Sb15-xNbx, and putting the raw materials into a graphite crucible, x = 0.5-1.5; putting the graphite crucible into a high-frequency smelting furnace, vacuumizing, and starting smelting under the protection of inert gas; carrying out ball milling on the smelted alloy in an argon atmosphere; filling the ground powder into a hot pressing mold, and carrying out hot pressing in a vacuum environment; and annealing the hot-pressed material ingot in a tubular furnace to obtain the Nb-doped N-type bismuth-antimony alloy ultralow-temperature thermoelectric material. The maximum ZT value of the Bi85Sb15-xNbx alloy prepared through the method reaches 0.477 at the temperature of-123 DEG C, meanwhile, composition segregation can be effectively restrained through the method, and the uniformity of material compositions is improved.

The invention discloses an activation analysis-based on-line detection method for the quality of coal per ton, and relates to the technical field of quality detection. Comprising the following steps executed in sequence: step 1, constructing a mixed gamma-ray energy spectrum data stream and generating an original mixed gamma-ray energy spectrum vector; 2, performing spectral line iteration stripping analysis based on non-negative physical constraint on the original mixed gamma-ray spectrum vector, and outputting a final total abundance count value; 3, executing all-element stoichiometry and industrial index conversion based on the final total abundance count value, and obtaining an ash content yield index, a total sulfur content index and a low calorific value index; and 4, on the basis of the ash content yield index, the total sulfur content index and the low calorific value index, executing the ton coal net profit dynamic settlement based on the actual measurement index, obtaining the real-time ton coal net profit, and generating a coal flow separation diversion instruction according to the real-time ton coal net profit. The real-time performance, the accuracy and the overall economic benefit of coal flow online management are remarkably improved.

The application relates to the field of proton ceramic fuel cells, and provides a high-performance proton ceramic fuel cell heterogeneous structure cathode material and a preparation method thereof. 2‑ x Zr x O 5+δ , wherein Ln=La, Pr, Sm, Gd or Eu, 0.04<=x<=0.5, and delta is the non-stoichiometry of oxygen. The cathode material provided by the application comprises: a substrate (Ln 1 / (2‑x) Ba (1‑x) / (2‑x) )2Co2O 5+δ and BaZrO3 nanoparticles precipitated and anchored on the surface of the substrate. The material LnBaCo2O 5+δ is doped with element Zr at the B site, so that the BaZrO3 nanoparticles are in-situ desolvated and anchored on the surface of the substrate in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere, forming an ion-electron mixed conductor and a proton conductor heterogeneous structure, which makes the nano-composite cathode material have a triple electric conduction (oxygen ion-proton-electron) reaction region, also has good oxygen reduction catalytic activity, excellent chemical and structural stability, and is a universal method for preparing excellent proton ceramic fuel cell cathode materials.

The invention discloses a novel wheat breeding method and a product thereof, and relates to the technical field of modern agricultural seeds. The invention provides a non-transgenic and chemically oriented seed treatment technology for the first time, directly aims at and aims at optimizing the core nutritional quality (protein) of wheat, and breaks through the bottleneck of traditional breeding in quality improvement; extrinsic potential protein optimization is creatively associated with intrinsic potential protein optimization. As a stable and easy-to-detect biomarker, the black green leaf provides an industrialized rapid judgment basis for'possible optimization of protein properties'; the whole process is based on accurate stoichiometry, pH control and temperature management, the result is stable and repeatable, and qualitative change from random mutagenesis to directional chemical induction is realized; the obtained seeds not only can be used as unique high-quality germplasm resources, but also can be directly used as special commercial food or food processing raw materials with high protein potential, and the commercial value is clear.

The invention discloses a tin telluride-based thermoelectric material with low lattice thermal conductivity and a preparation method thereof, the tin telluride-based thermoelectric material with low lattice thermal conductivity has a chemical formula of Sn < 0.88 > Sb < 0.04 > Mn < 0.08 > Ge < 0.05 > Te-x% Cu < 2 > Te, and x < = 7. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials Sn, Te, Sb, Mn, Ge and Cu according to stoichiometry; the raw materials are transferred into a quartz tube after being mixed, vacuumized and sealed by oxyhydrogen flame; heating a quartz tube filled with the mixture, carrying out a melting reaction, and quenching in water after the reaction is finished to obtain a SnTe cast ingot; the SnTe cast ingot is ground into powder, the powder is put into a mold to be sintered, and the tin telluride-based thermoelectric material with the low lattice thermal conductivity is obtained. Non-toxic raw materials are adopted, the environmental protection property of the tin telluride-based thermoelectric material is guaranteed, meanwhile, a nano core-shell structure is formed in tin telluride through multi-element regulation and control doping and a proper process, and phonon scattering is greatly enhanced.

A material synthesis method may comprise: obtaining at least one liquid precursor solution comprising one or more solutes determined based on atomic stoichiometry of target particles; adding the at least one liquid precursor solution to an atomizer device; generating at the atomizer device an aerosol; transporting the aerosol to a reactive zone of a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time; and obtaining synthesized particles by evaporating one or more solvents from the aerosol in the reactive zone.

One example of a method according to the present invention includes a step for loading a model associated with a first organism. The method further includes: a step for defining a molar relationship including the stoichiometry between one or more intermediate metabolites and a target substance; a step for defining a first ratio-based coefficient that establishes a relationship between a production rate of the target substance and a consumption rate of consumed substances on the basis of the molar relationship and one or more reaction pathways from among a plurality of reaction pathways; a step for performing a first biclustering operation in order to group two or more of the plurality of reaction pathways associated with the target substance; and a step for optimizing the first ratio-based coefficient by imposing one or more constraints on the production of the target substance on the basis of the first biclustering operation.

The invention relates to the technical field of enterprise digital management and intelligent decision making, in particular to an administrative process management system based on a supply chain. The system comprises a dynamic mapping module, a flux constraint solving module, a shadow price analysis module and an adaptive routing control module. The system constructs a dynamic stoichiometric matrix by collecting supply and demand data; the core of the method is that administrative nodes and resources are mapped into enzyme and substrate variables in a biochemical reaction, a flux balance equation is solved by using linear programming to obtain an optimal flux, and a shadow price for quantifying congestion cost is calculated based on a duality principle; when the shadow price triggers a threshold value, the system adaptively generates a bypass metabolism or standard queuing instruction; according to the method, the BPM and the SCM are unified on the mathematical model level, and cross-domain process collaboration and optimal configuration based on global cost minimization are realized.

The application discloses an electrolyte initial crystallization temperature prediction method, a medium and an electronic device, wherein the method comprises: obtaining to-be-tested electrolyte data, the to-be-tested electrolyte data comprising to-be-tested electrolyte components and mass percentage contents of the to-be-tested electrolyte components; obtaining molar fractions of elements based on the law of conservation of mass, the stoichiometry principle and the elements corresponding to the to-be-tested electrolyte components in the to-be-tested electrolyte data; obtaining point features of each element based on first attributes of the elements, and obtaining edge features between each two elements based on second attributes of the elements and the molar fractions; the first attributes are used for representing inherent physical and chemical attributes of the elements, and the second attributes are used for at least representing interaction strengths determined based on concentration coupling relationships between the elements; and the point features and the edge features are input into a pre-trained neural network prediction model to obtain a predicted electrolyte initial crystallization temperature; and the application improves the prediction accuracy and generalization ability of the initial crystallization temperature.

The invention discloses a ship fuel cell-oriented methanol reforming process modeling method, which comprises the following steps of: 1, determining exhaust heat and temperature in an operation load range, and calculating fuel supply quantity and stoichiometric ratio according to a methanol reforming process mechanism; 2, determining a reaction kinetic model, determining a reactor structure and key model parameters, and establishing a methanol reforming process steady-state model; 3, analyzing parameters of the methanol reforming process of the SOFC under different operation load conditions, and determining a basic structure and input parameters of the methanol reforming reaction process; and 4, establishing a methanol reforming process dynamic mechanism model, determining a model interface in each physical field, and carrying out SOFC variable load methanol reforming process dynamic characteristic analysis. The invention further discloses a methanol reforming process modeling device for the ship fuel cell. The method solves the problem of poor coupling modeling matching performance of the current methanol reforming and ship platform SOFC system, and can be widely applied to the technical field of diesel-electric-fuel hybrid power.

This invention discloses an SCR ammonia injection control method and system. First, a PLS regression is constructed by collecting signals such as inlet / outlet NOx, flue gas volume, temperature, oxygen content, and ammonia flow rate. The regression coefficients are then used as state variables and updated online adaptively by Kalman filtering. Next, the ammonia injection quantity is calculated using SCR stoichiometry as feedforward, and model-based feedback correction and inlet NOx slope disturbance feedforward are introduced. Combined with operating condition fluctuation detection, valve smoothing, and amplitude limiting, ammonia injection valve commands are generated, achieving stable control of outlet NOx near a narrow-band setpoint, reducing ammonia consumption and valve adjustment frequency.