1369 results about "Heat capacity" patented technology

A shower head is provided, in a processing chamber in which a substrate is processed, to face a mounting table for mounting the substrate thereon. The shower head includes: a facing surface that faces the mounting table to supply a gas to the substrate in a form of shower through a plurality of gas injection holes formed on the facing surface; an opposing surface provided opposite to the facing surface; and a plurality of bar-shaped heat transfer columns standing on the opposing surface. Here, the heat transfer columns have varying lengths and / or thicknesses to adjust heat capacities thereof. The heat transfer columns are made of one of aluminum, stainless steel, and copper.

Heater module, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment in which the heater module is utilized, for raising the cooling speed of a post-heating heater markedly more than conventional, and that can contribute toward bettering and improving productivity, without accompanying scaling-up of and cost increases in the semiconductor manufacturing equipment. The heater module is furnished with heater part 1a for controlled heating of a wafer placed on its top face, and block part 3a provided to be shiftable relative to said heater part, for varying heat capacity in total with heater part 1a by abutting on or separating from the reverse surface of heater part 1a. By having the heat capacity of block part 3a be 20% or more of the total heat capacity of heater part 1a and block part 3a, the heater cooling speed can be made 10° C. / min or more.

Disclosed herein is a method of operating a polymerization reactor for a polymerization reaction comprising modifying a recycle gas composition to increase the heat capacity of the recycle gas wherein the recycle gas composition is modified by reducing or eliminating the nitrogen concentration in the recycle gas. In an embodiment, the nitrogen concentration is reduced or eliminated by reducing or eliminating one or more nitrogen input sources to the polymerization reactor and replacing the nitrogen with an alternate inert fluid (a gas or liquid that is inert to the catalyst and reactants). The alternate inert fluid has a higher heat capacity and a higher molecular weight than nitrogen. In an embodiment, the nitrogen utilized to convey a catalyst into the polymerization reactor is replaced with an alternate inert fluid. In an embodiment, the alternate inert fluid is ethane, propane, isobutane, or combinations thereof.

A structure for use in high temperature applications and including a porous ceramic material consisting essentially of about 50-90 percent by weight iron or magnesium stabilized aluminum titanate (AlTiO5) and about 10-50 percent by weight strontium feldspar (SrO.Al2O3.2SiO2), and having a coefficient of thermal expansion over a temperature range from room temperature to 1000° C. of about -10x10-7 / ° C. to +15x10-7 / ° C., a heat capacity at 500° C. greater than 3.2 J / cm3K, a porosity of about 15-50 percent by volume, preferably 40-50 percent by volume, and a median pore size of about 5-50 micrometers, preferably 8-15 micrometers. The structure is especially useful as a diesel exhaust particulate filter.

A thermally induced sound wave generating device comprising a thermally conductive substrate, a head insulation layer formed on one surface of the substrate, and a heating element thin film formed on the heat insulation layer and in the form of an electrically driven metal film, and wherein when the heat conductivity of the thermally conductive substrate is set as αs and its heat capacity is set as Cs, and the thermal conductivity of the beat insulation layer is set as αI and its heat capacity is set as CI, relation of 1 / 100≧αICI / αSCS and αSCS≧100×106 is realized. This is a new technical means capable of greatly improving the function of a pressure generating device based on thermal induction.

A method of controlling an engine, the method comprising of providing fuel having a blend to a cylinder of the engine, actively varying said fuel blend in response to at least an operating condition, and where during a transient operating condition, said blend is adjusted to increase a heat capacity of said fuel to reduce a tendency for knock.

When a current flows through a battery, a resistance loss proportional to the square of the current is produced by an internal resistance component of the current. In a case where the temperature of a heat capacity element is raised, a charging current is controlled such that prescribed thermal energy is provided to the heat capacity element by this resistance loss. Air is induced into a power supply unit through a vehicle compartment air exhaust duct. Then, the thermal energy stored in the heat capacity element is transferred to the air induced into the power supply unit. The air to which the thermal energy has been provided from the heat capacity element is blown out toward a vehicle compartment space by a fan.

A crystalline semiconductor film in which the position and size of a crystal grain is controlled is fabricated, and the crystalline semiconductor film is used for a channel formation region of a TFT, so that a high performance TFT is realized. An island-like semiconductor layer is made to have a temperature distribution, and a region where temperature change is gentle is provided to control the nucleus generation speed and nucleus generation density, so that the crystal grain is enlarged. In a region where an island-like semiconductor layer 1003 overlaps with a base film 1002, a thick portion is formed in the base film 1002. The volume of this portion increases and heat capacity becomes large, so that a cycle of temperature change by irradiation of a pulse laser beam to the island-like semiconductor layer becomes gentle (as compared with other thin portion). Like this, a laser beam is irradiated from the front side and reverse side of the substrate to directly heat the semiconductor layer, and heat conduction from the semiconductor layer to the side of the substrate and heat conduction of the semiconductor layer in the horizontal direction to the substrate are used, so that the increase in the size of the crystal grain is realized.

A disposable anti-fog airway adapter for use with a mainstream respiratory gas analyzer which provides a measurement of a patient's inhaled and exhaled gases. The airway adapter includes windows that are constructed of a thin, low heat capacity plastic that rapidly equilibrates to the temperature of the warm moist gases in the patient breathing circuit. In addition, the inside of the windows is also coated with an anti-fog surfactant either by laminating an anti-fog film with the window plastic prior to attaching the window to the airway adapter body or by first attaching the window to the airway adapter body and then applying the surfactant to the airway adapter after the window film is bonded in place so that the surfactant coats the entire inside of the adapter. The surfactant functions to increase the critical wetting tension of the surface it covers so that water on the window spreads into a uniform thin layer which does not absorb very much infrared energy and thus does not significantly reduce the signal strength. "Instant on" operation is accomplished because no heater and the like is necessary to warm up the windows to maintain them at an elevated temperature to prevent fogging. Numerous techniques are also provided for adhering the windows to the airway adapter body so that a substantially airtight seal may be obtained.

A plurality of lighting units using light emitting diodes as light sources is accommodated in a lamp housing in such a state as to be supported on a common metallic support member provided tiltably. When a part or all of the lighting units are turned on, the light emitting diodes generate heat with a light emission. These light emitting diodes are supported on the common metallic support member. Also in the case in which any of the lighting units is turned on, therefore, the heat generated by the light emitting diodes is moved to the metallic support member having a large heat capacity through boards and light source support blocks by a heat conducting function. Consequently, a rise in the temperatures of the light emitting diodes can be suppressed.

Phononic crystals that have the ability to modify and control the thermal black body phonon distribution and the phonon component of heat transport in a solid. In particular, the thermal conductivity and heat capacity can be modified by altering the phonon density of states in a phononic crystal. The present invention is directed to phononic crystal devices and materials such as radio frequency (RF) tags powered from ambient heat, dielectrics with extremely low thermal conductivity, thermoelectric materials with a higher ratio of electrical-to-thermal conductivity, materials with phononically engineered heat capacity, phononic crystal waveguides that enable accelerated cooling, and a variety of low temperature application devices.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming mechanism and a fixing mechanism. The fixing mechanism fixes a visible image formed by the image forming mechanism onto a recording sheet. The fixing mechanism includes a first roller, a second roller, a belt, a third roller, and an applicator. The second roller includes a first heater having a first heat capacity. The belt is looped over the first and second rollers. The third roller is arranged opposite to the first roller via the belt, includes a second heater having a heat capacity smaller than the first heat capacity of the first heater, applies a pressure to the belt and the first roller, and rotates in conjunction with a movement of the first roller via the belt. The applicator is arranged at a position in contact with the third roller and applies oil to a surface of the third roller.

An object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine control device which is capable of performing correction on the basis of a fuel composition of fuel gas to be supplied to a gas turbine, and is capable of changing an amount of correction in response to variation with time of the gas turbine. To attain this, a frequency analyzing unit 25 performs a frequency analysis of combustion oscillation of a combustor and splits a result of the analysis into respective frequency bands. Then, a state grasping unit 22 checks an operating state of the gas turbine on the basis of the result of the analysis of the combustion oscillation and process value of the gas turbine, and corrects the checked operating state on the basis of a fuel composition or a heat capacity of fuel gas measured by a fuel characteristic measuring unit 200. A countermeasure determining unit 23 conducts a countermeasure for controlling an operating action of the gas turbine on the basis of the operating state thus checked.

A supercritical heat pump cycle system includes a low-pressure determining unit for determining a pressure of a low-pressure refrigerant after being decompressed in a decompression unit, a target temperature setting unit for setting a target temperature of the fluid, and a target pressure determining unit for determining a heating target control pressure in a refrigerant radiator based on the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant and the target temperature of the fluid during the heating operation. In the supercritical heat pump cycle system, the decompression unit is controlled so that a refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant radiator becomes the heating target control pressure. Accordingly, heating capacity of the refrigerant radiator can be effectively increased.

Disclosed is a simple, analytical method that can be utilized by hydrogen filling stations for directly and accurately calculating the end-of-fill temperature in a hydrogen tank that, in turn, allows for improvements in the fill quantity while tending to reduce refueling time. The calculations involve calculation of a composite heat capacity value, MC, from a set of thermodynamic parameters drawn from both the tank system receiving the gas and the station supplying the gas. These thermodynamic parameters are utilized in a series of simple analytical equations to define a multi-step process by which target fill times, final temperatures and final pressures can be determined. The parameters can be communicated to the station directly from the vehicle or retrieved from a database accessible by the station. Because the method is based on direct measurements of actual thermodynamic conditions and quantified thermodynamic behavior, significantly improved tank filling results can be achieved.

Some embodiments discussed herein include a semiconductor having a source region, a drain region and an array of fins operatively coupled to a gate region controlling current flow through the fins between the source region and the drain region. The semiconductor also has at least one cooling element formed at least in part of a material having a heat capacity equal to or larger than the heat capacity of the material of the source region, drain region and array of fins, the cooling elements being in close vicinity to fins of the array of fins electrically isolated from the fins of the array, the source region and the drain region. Other embodiments are also disclosed

A polymer microsphere insulation mortar contains the following raw material by weight: the inorganic binder 15-30, lightweight aggregate 20-50, polymer microsphere 5-30, hollow fiber 0.5-3 and dispersible emulsion powder 8-20 and the method includes: fully mixing the raw material by an adding sequence of inorganic cementitious material, hollow fiber, polymer microsphere, dispersible emulsion powder and lightweight aggregate to obtain a mixture, and then blending the mixture with water to obtain a paste shape. The mortar is commonly characterized in both the thermal resistance material and the heat capacity material with high coefficient of the thermal storage, which greatly stabilizes the temperature of the insulation. The high binding force and the overall strength of the mortar and the wall substantially improve the performance of tensile, crack resistance and anti-fracture. A good barrier layer is formed in the middle of the mortar material through a mutual gradation among cement, lightweight aggregate, hollow fiber and polymer materials according to particle size, thereby reducing the hot and cold bridge in the mortar and further improving the thermal insulation performance.

The wrist or headband described herein is of composite construction, specifically, an essentially continuous elastic band or sleeve, which is anatomically conforming in overall dimensions to the approximate wrist or headband size of a wearer; and, a moisture absorbent material, associated with at least one end of the sleeve, to wick moisture from the interface of a wearer and the sleeve into a reservoir located on the exterior surface of the sleeve. The sleeve is preferably fabricated of the same material as the foam fabric used in the fabrication of a SCUBA diver's suit, specifically, a closed cell foam. The thickness of such materials is generally uniform throughout the device and designed to provide more than adequate thermal insulation for the source of cooling energy housed within the device. The sleeve is further modified on the interior surface thereof (also "skin contact surface") to accommodate a source of thermal energy (also "chill pack"). This modification of the interior of the sleeve (also herein "chill pocket") can include a compartment for containment of a source of cooling thermal energy, or integral bladder containing a high heat capacity fluid or gel.

A fluidized bed high temperature endothermic device used for solar tower thermal power generation and heat absorbing-accumulating double fluidized bed system is provided. The double fluidized bed system consists of a fluidized bed heat absorber (15) and a fluidized bed heat accumulator (14). A regenerative ball (8) flows between the fluidized bed heat absorber (15) and the fluidized bed heat accumulator (14). The regenerative ball is both a heat absorbing media and a heat accumulating media, which makes heat absorbing-accumulating integration realized. The invention can adjust the absorbed heat and the accumulated heat according to the conditions of sunlight. The fluidized bed heat absorber (15) makes full use of the flow characteristics of the fluidized bed to overcome the heat exchange problem caused by the uneven distributed radiation after the aggregation of the sunlight. With the heat capacity of the regenerative ball (8), thermal shock influences on the heat absorber under the conditions such as cloudy can be eliminated. The invention has the advantages of safety, reliability and low cost.

The invention discloses a fuel cell low-temperature quick-starting system and method adopting staged temperature control. The system comprises an electric pile of a PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) and a coolant storage tank, wherein an air heater is mounted on an air inlet pipeline of the electric pile; a coolant heater is mounted on a water inlet pipeline between the electric pile and the coolant storage tank; an electric pile heater is further arranged on the electric pile and used for pre-heating an end plate, an insulating plate and a current collector of the PEMFC; a temperature sensor used for measuring the temperature of the electric pile is further arranged in the system. According to the invention, the temperature of a fuel cell pile can be detected, and different parts of the fuel cell pile can be pre-heated for temperature rising according to the different working medium heat capacities and the different temperature requirements for starting of different parts of a fuel cell system, so that the fuel cell can be pre-heated quickly, the phenomenon that the fuel cell pile is damaged due to the excessively high temperature gradient is avoided, and the fuel cell system can be quickly started in the environment below zero.

In a vehicle air conditioning apparatus where temperature of air blown toward a front seat side and temperature of air blown toward a rear seat side of the passenger compartment are independently controlled, a switching door for generally partitioning a downstream warm air passage of a heater core into first and second air passages is disposed at an air outlet side of the heater core. When heating capacity for the front seat side of the passenger compartment is necessary to be increased, the switching door is operated to a rear shutting position so that all air heated by the heater core can be introduced toward the front seat side through the first and second air passages of the warm air passage.

The invention provides a cable connector fault diagnosing method. The cable connector fault diagnosing method comprises the steps that the temperature of the outer surface of a cable connector and the temperature of a monitoring point (located at the zero potential position of the outer surface of an aluminum protective sleeve or the outer surface of a prefabricated rubber insulating layer) inside the cable connector are monitored in real time; the linear least squares method is used for identifying relevant parameters of cable connector transient state thermal circuit models through the temperatures obtained through real-time monitoring in order to obtain the time constant tau of the first order transient state thermal circuit model and the steady state temperature rise coefficient k of the first order transient state thermal circuit model; and fault diagnose is conducted on the cable connector by the utilization of the identifying result. By means of the cable connector fault diagnosing method, the four common faults of the cable connector can be effectively diagnosed, the defect that in many quality evaluating theories of simplified models, cable heat capacity and the transient state process of cable connector temperature rise are not considered is overcome, the demand for on-line fault monitoring of the cable connector is met, and the stability of system running is improved.

The invention provides a low-melting-point metal multi-dimensional structure liquid phase printing system. The low-melting-point metal multi-dimensional structure liquid phase printing system comprises an injection pump array, an injection needle array, a liquid metal tank, a thermostat, a thermostatic bath and a control unit. The injection pump array includes m*n of injection pumps and an inlet of every injection pump is connection with the liquid metal tank. Injection needles are perpendicular to the thermostatic bath and liquid inlets of the injection needles are connected to outlet ends of the injection pumps respectively. The control unit is connected to the injection pump array. A low-melting-point metal multi-dimensional structure liquid phase printing method uses the smart control mechanism of fluid for applying effective buffer, crushing and buoyancy actions to liquid metal injection droplets, and the liquid cooling treatment more efficient than a traditional gas cooling mode can be provided for enabling liquid metal injected into a liquid phase environment to be quickly solidified due to the large heat capacity, so that short-time forming of a multi-dimensional structure is achieved, and meanwhile the oxidation not easy to avoid in a traditional method is reduced.

An independent and conserved source of fuel and / or power comprises a top stage rocket engine firing up to 5000 F. at very high pressures, delivering jet flows up to transonic velocities into a near adiabatic tunnel for mixing in general and / or for transforming reactants introduced to suit specific objectives. The related compression is supplied by an independent prime mover which compresses its exhaust and other recoverable fluids. Low grade flows, thereby upgraded in temperature and pressure, are adiabatically contained, are further upgraded in the tunnel to become part of the prescribed fuel for export at the tunnel ends; or fuel to be fired in a prime mover for electric or other power, or hydrogen for chemical use. Expansion turbines for this purpose are relieved of the load used to compress the excess air in standard gas turbines thus increasing export power. A portion of the expansion turbine's exhaust becomes part of recoverable fluids. When oxygen is used instead of air, the gases through turbines are nitrogen-free with more heat capacity reducing turbine inlet temperatures for the same power. When reactant transformation is specified, the larger water vapor content in the cycle enhances the water gas / shift autothermally for ammonia and / or power and alternatively for pyrolysis cracking for olefins and diolefins. Further, staging rocket engine reactors increases efficiency in boilers and steam turbines; and staging can produce sponge iron and / or iron carbide as well as expansion turbine power and fuel cells for peak and off-peak loads.

A ceramic wall-flow filter for filtering particulate matter from gases and methods for manufacturing such wall-flow filters are disclosed. The filter includes an array of porous ceramic walls defining a pattern of end-plugged inlet and outlet cells, and heat absorbing elements disposed within at least some of the outlet cells such that a bulk heat capacity of the outlet cells is greater than a bulk capacity of the inlet cells. The heat absorbing elements increase a bulk heat capacity of the filter without substantially interfering with a flow of gas through the porous ceramic walls by allowing thinner walls. According to the method, during the step of extruding or thereafter, heat absorbing elements are formed within at least some of the outlet cells such that a heat capacity of the outlet cells is greater than the inlet cells.