The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers and printing methods, in particular to a rapid prototyping SLA 3D printer. The rapid prototyping SLA 3D printer comprises an SLA 3D printer body, wherein the SLA 3D printer body comprises a hollow cabinet body and a support which extends upwards along one side surface of the cabinet body, wherein a laser scanning device is arranged at the front end of the bottom surface of the cabinet body, a reflecting mirror is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the cabinet body, a resin trough is arranged right above the reflecting mirror, the bottom surface of the resin trough is fixedly provided with a piece of high-transparency quartz glass, the high-transparency quartz glass is fixedly arranged on an iron plate, the iron plate is fixedly connected with a motor on the bottom surface of the cabinet body, a lifting platform is arranged right above the resin trough, the support is provided with a vertical slide rail, and the lifting platform can slide up and down along the vertical slide rail. The invention also discloses a printing method of the rapid prototyping SLA 3D printer. Compared with the prior art, the rapid prototyping SLA 3D printer has the advantages that the prototyping speed is high; since a downward-pulling mechanical structure for eliminating the vacuum force is arranged, the rate of finished products is greatly increased, the precision is high, and the printer is particularly suitable for producing a prototype with high precision requirement and a complicated structure; the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and the production cost is greatly reduced; therefore, the rapid prototyping SLA 3D printer can be widely popularized and used.