1741 results about "Concentration gradient" patented technology

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: the first step of forming a gate electrode over a silicon substrate, with a gate insulating film; and the second step of digging down a surface layer of the silicon substrate by etching conducted with the gate electrode as a mask. The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device further includes the third step of epitaxially growing, on the surface of the dug-down portion of the silicon substrate, a mixed crystal layer including silicon and atoms different in lattice constant from silicon so that the mixed crystal layer contains an impurity with such a concentration gradient that the impurity concentration increases along the direction from the silicon substrate side toward the surface of the mixed crystal layer.

The present disclosure provides a carrier channel with an element concentration gradient distribution. The carrier channel includes a substrate and a carrier channel structure. The carrier channel structure is stacked on the substrate, wherein a ratio of a height and a width of the carrier channel is greater than 1, and the carrier channel is crystallized from the contact surface by a rapid melting growth process, thus the carrier channel structure has the element concentration gradient distribution.

A positive active material according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an internal bulk part and an external bulk part surrounding the internal bulk part and has a continuous concentration gradient of the metal composition from an interface between the internal bulk part and the external bulk part to the surface of the active material. The provided positive active material in which the metal composition is distributed in a continuous concentration gradient has excellent electrochemical characteristics such as a cycle life, capacity, and thermal stability.

A single photon avalanche diode for use in a CMOS integrated circuit includes a deep n-well region formed above a p-type substrate and an n-well region formed above and in contact with the deep n-well region. A cathode contact is connected to the n-well region via a heavily doped n-type implant. A lightly doped region forms a guard ring around the n-well and deep n-well regions. A p-well region is adjacent to the lightly doped region. An anode contact is connected to the p-well region via a heavily doped p-type implant. The junction between the bottom of the deep n-well region and the substrate forms a multiplication region when an appropriate bias voltage is applied between the anode and cathode and the guard ring breakdown voltage is controlled with appropriate control of the lateral doping concentration gradient such that the breakdown voltage is higher than that of the multiplication region.

Substrates comprising a photocatalytic layer containing TiO₂ are produced using TiO₂ particles which may optionally be doped with metallic or non-metallic elements or compounds. The photocatalytic layer exhibits a concentration gradient of the TiO₂ particles. An organically modified inorganic hybrid layer may be provided between the substrate and the photocatalytic layer.

This invention provides a microfluidic device for use in the detection of one or more analytes in a fluid using solid-phase affinity binding assays. The device offers a practical, easy-to-use, portable, inexpensive, robust analytical system for the parallel and quantitative detection of multiple analytes. In addition, this invention provides methods and devices for the formation of concentration gradients of capture molecules immobilized on a solid phase.

An OLED has a doped emission layer (EML). The OLED comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an EML having a host material and a light-emitting dopant and interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light-emitting dopant has a concentration gradient between a first surface close to the first electrode of the EML and a second surface opposite to the first surface. As a result, luminous efficiency of the OLED can be enhanced and a driving voltage can also be reduced.

A light emitting device and electronic equipment having a long life at a low electric power consumption are provided. A hole transporting region composed of a hole transporting material, an electron transporting region composed of an electron transporting material, and a mixture region in which both the hole transporting material and the electron transporting material are mixed at a fixed ratio are formed within an organic compound film. Regions having a concentration gradient are formed between the mixture region and carrier transporting regions until the fixed ratio is achieved. In addition, by doping a light emitting material into the mixture region, functions of hole transportation, electron transportation, and light emission can be respectively expressed while all of the interfaces existing between layers of a conventional lamination structure are removed. Organic light emitting elements having low electric power consumption and a long life can thus be provided, and light emitting devices and electronic equipment can be manufactured using the organic light emitting elements.

The present invention provides a bonding wire improved in formability of a ball part, improved in bondability, good in loop controllability, improved in bonding strength of a wedge connection, securing industrial production ability as well, and mainly comprised of copper which is more inexpensive than gold wire, that is, provides a bonding wire for a semiconductor device comprised of a bonding wire having a core material having copper as its main ingredient and a surface covering layer over the core material and of a conductive metal of a composition different from the core material, characterized in that the surface covering layer has as its main ingredients two or more types of metals selected from gold, palladium, platinum, rhodium, silver, and nickel and the surface covering layer has a concentration gradient of one or both of a main ingredient metal or copper in the wire radial direction.

An alloyed semiconductor quantum dot comprising an alloy of at least two semiconductors, wherein the quantum dot has a homogeneous composition and is characterized by a band gap energy that is non-linearly related to the molar ratio of the at least two semiconductors; a series of alloyed semiconductor quantum dots related thereto; a concentration-gradient quantum dot comprising an alloy of a first semiconductor and a second semiconductor, wherein the concentration of the first semiconductor gradually increases from the core of the quantum dot to the surface of the quantum dot and the concentration of the second semiconductor gradually decreases from the core of the quantum dot to the surface of the quantum dot; a series of concentration-gradient quantum dots related thereto; in vitro and in vivo methods of use; and methods of producing the alloyed semiconductor and concentration-gradient quantum dots and the series of quantum dots related thereto.

A crystallizable, purified chondroitinase ABC having a molecular weight of about 100,000 dalton by the measurement of the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the measurement by the gel permeation chromatography method, having alanine as the N-terminal amino acid and proline as the C-terminal amino acid. A process for the purification of the crystallizable purified chondroitinase ABC comprising removing nucleic acid from an surfactant solution extract obtained from cells of chondroitinase ABC-producing microorganisms and chromatographically treating by concentration gradient elution using a weak cation exchange resin or a strong cation exchange resin. A composition comprising a chondroitinase and serum albumin, gelatin, or a nonionic surfactant.

The present invention generally encompasses the control of the release rate of agents from a polymeric matrix. This control over the release rate of agents provides for control over, inter alia, the therapeutic, prophylactic, diagnostic, and ameliorative effects that are realized by a patient in need of such treatment. In addition, the control of the release rate of agents also has an effect upon the mechanical integrity of the polymeric matrix, as well as a relationship to a subject's absorption rate of the absorbable polymers.

The invention discloses a preparation method for gradient coated LiNiO2 for lithium ion battery positive pole material, so as to solve the problem of bad circulating performance of conventional LiNiO2. The molecular formula of the LiNiO2 is LiNi 1-xMxO2, wherein, the x is less than or equal to 0.3 and greater than 0, the M is adulterated metal ions and is one or more selected from magnesium, nickel, Fe, titanium, zinc, Co, manganese, aluminum, Nb and vanadium, the gradient coat refers to that concentration gradient hydroxide coprecipitate provided with nickel and other metallic elements is coated on the surfaces of spherical nickelous hydroxide material, and then the precursor is mixed with lithium-source material and roasted under high temperature in an oxygen atmosphere furnace, so as to obtain high-performance modified LiNiO2. The gradient coated LiNiO2 obtained in the invention has the characteristics of high specific capacity, excellent circulating performance, excellent high-temperature property and the like, and is suitable for the application field of high- capacity lithium ion batteries.

In a rear surface incidence type CMOS image sensor having a wiring layer 720 on a first surface (front surface) of an epitaxial substrate 710 in which a photodiode, a reading circuit (an n-type region 750 and an n+ type region 760) and the like are disposed, and a light receiving plane in a second surface (rear surface), the photodiode and a P-type well region 740 on the periphery of the photodiode are disposed in a layer structure that does not reach the rear surface (light receiving surface) of the substrate, and an electric field is formed within the substrate 710 to properly lead electrons entering from the rear surface (light receiving surface) of the substrate to the photodiode. The electric field is realized by providing a concentration gradient in a direction of depth of the epitaxial substrate 710. Alternatively, the electric field can be realized by providing a rear-surface electrode 810 or 840 for sending a current.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a positive electrode active material precursor and a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery having a concentration-gradient layer using a batch reactor, and to a positive electrode active material precursor and a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery prepared by the method. The method for preparing a positive electrode active material precursor and a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having a concentration-gradient layer using a batch reactor involves supplying a predetermined amount of a chelating agent into the batch reactor, and simultaneously supplying transition metals while continuously adjusting the concentration of the transition metals such that the concentration-gradient layer can be formed from a core to a shell of the positive electrode active material in a more economically advantageous and stable manner, and at the same time a positive electrode active material having an elongated lifespan and improved thermal stability can be provided.

Alternate layers of wide band gap and narrow band gaps of different kinds of semiconductors are used to form multiple channels of a FET. The channels are doped or formed as 2-DEG/2-DHG in narrow band semiconductor by charge supply layer in the wide band gap semiconductor. The different kinds of semiconductors form heterojunctions to confine the electrons/holes in separate thin spikes layers. A number of spikes (3-10 nm thick) of different doped or 2-DEG/2-DHG concentrations in various channels can result in overall electron concentration gradient such as a 1/x³ electron/hole concentrations profile. Such an electron/hole concentration gradient can result in a linear variation of drain current with voltage to obtain a wide dynamic range.

A method of cleaning a porous polymeric membrane having a feed side and a permeate side including the steps of introducing a fluid containing a cleaning agent to the permeate side of a membrane allowing the cleaning agent to contact the permeate side of the membrane for a predetermined time, and contact the pores of the membrane, or introducing a fluid containing a cleaning agent to the feed side of a membrane; applying a transmembrane pressure to force the fluid containing the cleaning agent from the feed side to the permeate side of the membrane; allowing the cleaning agent to contact the permeate side of the membrane for a predetermined time, and contact the pores of the membrane. Preferably a concentration gradient between the feed side fluid and the lumen side fluid containing the cleaning agent causes cleaning agent to diffuse into the feed side fluid. Pressure may be applied to the fluid containing a cleaning agent to dislodge, where present, dissolved and undissolved solid from the membrane pores. The pressure may be applied in a pulsed fashion, and can be by way of compressed air at a pressure not more than the membrane's bubble point. The methods of the present invention may be preceded by, or followed with a backwash.

A method for fabricating a compound semiconductor epitaxial structure includes the following steps. Firstly, a first compound epitaxial layer is formed on a substrate. Then, a continuous epitaxial deposition process is performed to form a second compound epitaxial layer on the first compound epitaxial layer, so that the second compound epitaxial layer has a linearly-decreased concentration gradient of metal. Afterwards, a semiconductor material layer is formed on the second compound epitaxial layer.

The invention discloses an all-solid-state lithium battery with a gradient structure and a preparation method thereof. The all-solid-state lithium battery comprises a cathode with a gradient structure layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a metal anode or an anode with a gradient structure layer; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing cathode slurries with different component concentrations or particle sizes or molecular weights, coating a collector electrode with the cathode slurries according to the component concentration gradient or particle size gradient or molecular weight gradient to prepare an electrode layer, coating the electrode layer with the solid electrolyte layer, finally attaching the metal anode, or preparing anode slurries with different component concentrations or particle sizes or molecular weights, coating the electrolyte layer with the anode slurries according to an opposite concentration gradient or particle size gradient or molecular weight gradient based on the preparation method of the cathode electrode layer, and finally attaching a collector electrode to obtain the all-solid-state lithium battery with a gradient structure; the preparation method is simple, and the prepared all-solid-state lithium battery is stable in large-rate charge and discharge, and can work normally at large current.