2666 results about "Proton exchange membrane fuel cell" patented technology

A gas diffusion electrode for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is prepared by electrodeposition of a catalytic metal in nanocrystalline form on a substrate by contacting an electrically conductive substrate and a counterelectrode with a plating bath containing ions of a metal to be deposited on the substrate and passing a pulsed electric current between the substrate and counterelectrode having pulses that are cathodic with respect to the substrate and have a short on-time and / or a short duty cycle with a frequency from about 10 hertz to about 5000 hertz. In a preferred embodiment the electric current is a modulated reversing electric current having pulses that are cathodic with respect to the substrate and pulses that are anodic with respect to the substrate, the cathodic pulses having a short on-time and / or short duty cycle, the charge transfer ratio of the cathodic pulses to the anodic pulses being greater than one, and the frequency of the pulses ranging from about 10 hertz to about 5 kilohertz.

A monopolar fuel cell stack comprising proton exchange membrane fuel cells supplied with a gaseous anodic reactant, preferably hydrogen, and a gaseous cathodic reactant, preferably air. The monopolar fuel cell stack, forming at least one substantially planar array, includes a liquid water retention barrier disposed over an electrode to retain liquid water within the fuel cells. The barrier is preferably used over the cathode side of each fuel cell and allows excess air flow to cool the fuel cell stack without drying the membrane in each fuel cell. The liquid water retention barrier may be either: (i) a thin, gas permeable, liquid water impermeable membrane; (ii) a thin, porous sheet of material; or (iii) a thin, substantially solid sheet of material except for a plurality of small through-holes that penetrate from one side of the sheet to an opposing side of the same sheet.

Compositions and methods for the manufacture of electrodes for fuel cells. The compositions and methods are particularly useful for the manufacture of anodes and cathodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, particularly direct methanol fuel cells. The methods can utilize direct-write tools to deposit ink compositions and form functional layers of a membrane electrode assembly having controlled properties and enhanced performance.

A micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) based thin-film fuel cells for electrical power applications. The MEMS-based fuel cell may be of a solid oxide type (SOFC), a solid polymer type (SPFC), or a proton exchange membrane type (PEMFC), and each fuel cell basically consists of an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte layer. The electrolyte layer can consist of either a solid oxide or solid polymer material, or proton exchange membrane electrolyte materials may be used. Additionally catalyst layers can also separate the electrodes (cathode and anode) from the electrolyte. Gas manifolds are utilized to transport the fuel and oxidant to each cell and provide a path for exhaust gases. The electrical current generated from each cell is drawn away with an interconnect and support structure integrated with the gas manifold. The fuel cells utilize integrated resistive heaters for efficient heating of the materials. By combining MEMS technology with thin-film deposition technology, thin-film fuel cells having microflow channels and full-integrated circuitry can be produced that will lower the operating temperature an will yield an order of magnitude greater power density than the currently known fuel cells.

Compositions and methods for the manufacture of electrodes for fuel cells. The compositions and methods are particularly useful for the manufacture of anodes and cathodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, particularly direct methanol fuel cells. The methods can utilize direct-write tools to deposit ink compositions and form functional layers of a membrane electrode assembly having controlled properties and enhanced performance.

A gas diffusion electrode comprises a cloth (12) of activated carbon fibers having a first face coated in a hydrophobic material (14) and a second face on which particles of catalyst (16) are fixed directly and are dispersed in substantially uniform manner over the fibers. The electrode can be used in an electrochemical cell of a proton exchange membrane fuel-cell battery, or in an electrochemical reactor, e.g. for making chlorine and caustic soda.

The invention provides a simple and effective thermal management system of a water-cooling proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a control method of the thermal management system. The thermal management system mainly comprises an electric pile, a water tank provided with a heating device, a cooling water circulating pump, a radiator, a cooling water pile inlet temperature sensor, a cooling water pile outlet temperature sensor, a cooling water pile inlet pressure sensor and a controller of the thermal management system. The control method following pressure change is provided to overcome the defects of lag, great overshooting, system coupling and the like caused by temperature change tracking in the traditional control strategy. The radiator is mainly used for controlling the cooling water inlet temperature of the pile and mainly controls the rotating speed of a radiator fan according to the cooling water inlet temperature of the pile of the fuel cell; and the cooling water circulating pump is mainly used for controlling the cooling water flow in the whole thermal management system and mainly controls the rotating speed of the circulating pump according to the cooling water inlet pressure of the pile of the fuel cell.

A bipolar plate assembly for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack advantageously connects electrically conductive plate surfaces, without the requirement to weld or braze the plate pairs. Each plate has alternating coolant channels and lands formed on an inside facing surface. An electrically conductive layer is deposited over at least the coolant channels and lands. Pairs of plates are aligned having facing electrically conductive layers. A fluid seal is disposed between the inside facing surfaces about a perimeter of the coolant channels. Each plate pair is compressed to form a plurality of electrical bond lines between adjacent lands within the perimeter seal. The perimeter seal prevents stack reactant gas oxygen from contacting and oxidizing the electrically conductive layer. A dielectric coolant is also used to reduce oxidation of the electrically conductive layer.

The invention provides a testing platform for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the fuel cell technical field, comprising an auxiliary system of the fuel cell, a monitoring system and a computer-human interaction part, wherein the auxiliary system of the fuel cell is used to assist a fuel cell set to produce electric power and extract the electric power produced by the fuel cell set; the monitoring system controls the fuel cell set and the auxiliary system of the fuel cell to produce electric power according to the set testing conditions and process requirements of the fuel cell; the computer-human interaction part is used to set the testing conditions and the state of the fuel cell system sent by the monitoring system. The testing platform aims to test the operation status of the fuel cells under different conditions so as to achieve the optimal conditions for the performance and operation of the fuel cells.

This invention relates to proton exchanging film fuel battery self humidification complex film. It is self humidification complex proton exchanging film used in proton exchanging film fuel battery and its preparation method. Multiple oxometallate and solid high molecular electrolyte solution are sprayed or cast at one or two sides of t exchanging film to form self humidification complex film. The complex film made in this invention has strong self humidification effect, and its making technique is simple, material cost is low, so it can be used to self humidification proton exchanging film fuel battery which fuel is hydrogen and methanol.

The invention belongs to the technical field of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and particularly relates to a nano-composite proton exchange membrane for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell under a high-temperature anhydrous condition as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The nano-composite proton exchange membrane is a graphene oxide nano-composite proton exchange membrane which is modified by sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and polydopamine. Compared with a pure polymeric membrane, the nano-composite proton exchange membrane provided by the invention has more excellent battery performance and is particularly suitable to be applied under the high-temperature anhydrous condition.

The invention relates to a proton exchange membrane cell metal bipolar plate which is composed of a cathode chamber monopole plate and an anode chamber monopole plate which are made of metal sheets; the front surface of each of the monopole plates is respectively provided with a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, and cooling water chambers are arranged at the back surfaces of the cathode chamber monopole plate and the anode chamber monopole plate; flow passages composed of concavo convex grooves are arranged at the front and back surfaces of the monopole plates, the concavo convex grooves arranged on the front and back surfaces are corresponding to each other, the bumps on the front surfaces are the concave grooves on the back surfaces, and the concave grooves on the front surfaces are the bumps on the back surfaces; the concavo convex grooves on the front surfaces respectively form the flow passages of the cathode and anode chambers, and the concavo convex grooves on the back surfaces respectively form the flow passages of the cooling water chambers. The proton exchange membrane cell metal bipolar plate has the advantages that the manufactured bipolar plate is thin, the flow bodies are strictly separated, the flow body distribution is good, the weight is light, the processing is simple and the processing cost is low.

The invention discloses a Fe, Ni and N three-doped carbon nanotube coated type FeNi@NCNT catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the fields of energy materialsand electrochemistry. The catalyst is prepared by using dicyandiamide as a C source and N source and ammonium ferric citrate and NiCl2.6H2O as metal sources, adopting one pot method and performing pyrolysis in two steps; and a plurality of Fe and Ni metal particles in the catalyst are uniformly wrapped in walls of ''bamboo-like'' N-doped carbon nanotubes, and a small number of the particles are distributed at the tip ends of the carbon nanotubes. Compared with a common metal alloy oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction bifunctional catalyst, the catalyst disclosed by the invention exhibits good oxygen evolution reaction activity and stability under alkaline conditions; the preparation method is simple, and raw materials used in the method have low costs and wide sources;and the catalyst can be widely used in the fields of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, electrolyzed water, metal-air batteries and the like, and has higher practical value.

A method of making a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) having an anode and a cathode and a proton conductive membrane there between. A bundle of longitudinally aligned carbon nanotubes with a catalytically active transition metal incorporated in the nanotubes forms at least one portion of the MEA and is in contact with the membrane. A combination selected from one or more of a hydrocarbon and an organometallic compound containing an catalytically active transition metal and a nitrogen containing compound and an inert gas and a reducing gas is introduced into a first reaction zone maintained at a first reaction temperature for a time sufficient to vaporize material therein. The vaporized material is transmitted to a second reaction zone maintained at a second reaction temperature for a time sufficient to grow longitudinally aligned carbon nanotubes with a catalytically active transition metal incorporated throughout the nanotubes. The nanotubes are in contact with a portion of the MEA at production or being positioned in contact thereafter. Methods of forming a PEMFC are also disclosed.

A bipolar plate for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell having an electrically conductive polymer coated on at least one region of a surface of the plate in contact with a flow field. The coated region is hydrophobic or hydrophilic as compared to an uncoated region of the surface to prevent liquid accumulation. Electroconductive polymer coatings are applied by electrochemical polymerization.

The invention discloses a metallic bipolar plate of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a single cell and an electric stack formed by the same. The metallic bipolar plate is a non-planar arc plate with certain curvature, and is formed by relatively combining a cathode monopolar plate and an anode monopolar plate which are made of metal sheets; cathode and anode cavities, cooling medium cavities, flow field area grooves and lug bosses of the two plates have mutual corresponding convex-concave shapes and form a fuel gas passage, an oxidant gas passage and a cooling medium passage respectively; and a membrane electrode and single bipolar plate can be combined into single fuel cell, and a plurality of single cells can be superposed and connected to form the electric stack. Compared with a common metallic bipolar plate, the bipolar plate has better mechanical property, is not easy to deform or dislocated after assembly, and has high stability; and because the contact between the bipolar plate and a diffusion layer of the membrane electrode is good, the internal resistance is low, the energy consumption is low, and the formed electric stack can provide higher output voltage and higher output power.

An air system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell belongs to the technical field of new energy automobiles, and is characterized in that an exhaust recirculating loop is used to lead the gas exhausted from a cathode outlet of a galvanic pile into an inlet loop of the galvanic pile again. According to the invention, the total flow, total pressure and oxygen flow entering into the galvanic pile can be adjusted independently, and the water logging or membrane drying of the galvanic pile can be effectively avoided while the monolithic voltage of the galvanic pile is limited; during the shutdown period, liquid water inside the galvanic pile can be dried quickly, so as to prevent the galvanic pile from being damaged caused by freezing of water residual inside the galvanic pile under the condition of low temperature; during the shutdown period, the whole pipeline can be filled with nitrogen, so as to prevent oxygen from entering into the anode to corrode the galvanic pile with long-term shutdown; and the fresh air amount entering into the system is reduced, and the load of the mechanical and chemical filter is reduced. The measures can effectively improve the service life and the durability of the fuel cell, and meanwhile, as the radiating and humidifying by-pass governing is led in, the machine warming speed of the galvanic pile under the condition of low temperature can be increased.

The invention relates to a non-platinum catalyst, in particular to an oxygen reduction catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation and application thereof. The catalyst can be prepared by the following steps of: (1) synthesizing polypyrrole (PPy); and (2) preparing an M / N-C catalyst, wherein the M / N-C catalyst can be taken as a cathode oxygen reduction catalyst for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

The invention provides a starting and shutdown control method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. According to the method, a whole fuel cell stack is divided into a plurality of cell modules; each cell module is connected with a modularized discharging circuit which is composed of a control switch, an auxiliary load and a crystal diode in mutual series connection; each modularized discharging circuit and a main load circuit are in series connection and are respectively connected with the cathode end and the anode end of the fuel cell; an air source is connected with the anode end of the fuel cell through an air blow-down valve; and air is used to purge residual hydrogen at the anode. During starting control, hydrogen is used to purge the anode, and the auxiliary load is used to control the voltage of the cell; and during shutdown control, introduction of air and introduction of hydrogen are successively stopped, a closed system of the auxiliary load is used for discharging, and introduction of air is cooperatively used for purging of the anode. The invention has the following advantages: consumption of time during shutdown of the fuel cell is reduced; the concentration of residual oxygen at the cathode is lowered down; reversal of poles of a single cell in the modules is prevented, and the phenomenon of reversal of poles of the fuel cell in the processes of shutdown discharging and air purging is prevented; and the system of the fuel cell is more simplified and is convenient to operate.

The invention discloses a fuel cell low-temperature quick-starting system and method adopting staged temperature control. The system comprises an electric pile of a PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) and a coolant storage tank, wherein an air heater is mounted on an air inlet pipeline of the electric pile; a coolant heater is mounted on a water inlet pipeline between the electric pile and the coolant storage tank; an electric pile heater is further arranged on the electric pile and used for pre-heating an end plate, an insulating plate and a current collector of the PEMFC; a temperature sensor used for measuring the temperature of the electric pile is further arranged in the system. According to the invention, the temperature of a fuel cell pile can be detected, and different parts of the fuel cell pile can be pre-heated for temperature rising according to the different working medium heat capacities and the different temperature requirements for starting of different parts of a fuel cell system, so that the fuel cell can be pre-heated quickly, the phenomenon that the fuel cell pile is damaged due to the excessively high temperature gradient is avoided, and the fuel cell system can be quickly started in the environment below zero.

The invention relates to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate, which consists of a cathode monopolar plate and an anode monopolar plate made of sheet metal, wherein a flow passage of the monopolar plates consists of a flow field flow passage, a distribution flow passage and an inlet-outlet passage, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate is characterized in that the distribution flow passage is a point-like flow passage, the point-like flow passage consists of unconnected lug bosses raised towards the front side of the monopolar plates, the back sides of the lug bosses are provided with steel pits, the steel pit on the back side of the lug boss on the cathode monopolar plate is staggered with the steel pit on the back side of the lug boss on the anode monopolar plate, and the front part and the back part of the steel pits are overlapped relatively to form continuous water flow distribution flow passages which are connected in series. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate has the advantages of thin thickness for the manufactured bipolar plate, strict separation of fluid, good fluid distribution, light weight, simple processing and low processing cost; besides, the bipolar plate has high effective utilization area and good fluid resistance distribution evenness, and can satisfy the needs of different battery heat exchanges.

The invention belongs to the field of carbon materials and electrochemistry, and discloses a heteroatom-doped porous graphite electro-catalyst and preparation and application thereof as well as a device. The method comprises the following steps: firstly adding concentrated HNO3 into a graphite oxide aqueous solution, performing sealing, ultrasonic reaction and stewing, and pouring the solution into deionized water for centrifugation, filtering and drying to obtain graphite oxide with holes in the surface; uniformly mixing the graphite oxide with holes in the surface, a heteroatom-doped source compound and a solvent to obtain a mixture, coating the surface of a substrate with the mixture, and performing freeze drying to obtain a solid thin film; putting the substrate loaded with the solid thin film into a plasma high-temperature tubular reactor for reaction to obtain the heteroatom-doped porous graphite electro-catalyst. The prepared electro-catalyst is higher in oxygen reduction electro-catalytic performance and is higher in electrochemical performance when applied in an electrode material; the electro-catalyst can be applied to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel batteries, direct alcohol fuel batteries and metal-air battery anode materials.

A novel electrochemical fuel cell comprising at least one fuel cell assembly comprising a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) interposed between an anode separator and a cathode separator. The Membrane Electrode Assembly comprises a solid polymer electrolyte or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) interposed between an anode and a cathode, each electrode comprising electrocatalyst. The anode separator contains the fuel flow field distribution features necessary to communicate the fuel to said anode. The cathode separator contains the oxidant flow field distribution features necessary to communicate the oxidant to said cathode. In addition, a Heat Transfer (HT) separator may be integrated into said fuel cell assembly. The Heat Transfer separator contains the flow field distribution features necessary to communicate Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) through a Heat Transfer Zone (HTZ) in said fuel cell assembly in order to control the thermal conditions of the fuel cell assembly and stack. Each of the said anode, cathode and Heat Transfer separators are made up of a respective series of multiple conductive compression gaskets possessing inter-related fluid distribution channel and manifold features that form intra-communicating systems for the distribution of fuel, oxidant and Heat Transfer Fluid throughout the fuel cell separator and stack. Under sufficient mechanical load, the respective series of multiple compression gaskets are consolidated into fuel cell separators that demonstrate sufficient structural integrity to contain the PEMFC fluids under substantial pressure; that demonstrate sufficient electrical and thermal conductivity to enable the operation of a high-performing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell; that demonstrate sufficient material obduracy to bear the compressive load necessary to seal the fuel cell assembly and fuel cell stack; and that demonstrate sufficient fluid impermeability in order prevent fluid migration through the gasket material. Within the consolidated fuel cell separators, the inter-related channel and manifold features form an intra-communicating system for the distribution of fuel, oxidant and Heat Transfer Fluid throughout the fuel cell assembly and fuel cell stack. In addition, the present invention includes methods of manufacturing said electrochemical fuel cell.

The invention relates to a multiple-layer complex proton exchange film for the fuel battery in particular to a multiple-layer self-humidifying complex film and preparing method for the proton exchange film fuel battery. The complex film comprises the following parts: a porous strengthening film and a self-humidifying complex layer, wherein the proton exchange film resin is poured and painted on the porous strengthening film and the strengthening complex film is formed, the self-humidifying complex layer is poured and painted at two sides of the strengthening complex film, the self-humidifying complex layer is comprised by the metal accelerant and the proton exchange film resin(the mass ratio of the accelerant(pt) and the proton exchange film resin is 0.0005:1-0.01:1), the proton exchange film resin can be perfluorine sulfonic acid resin, sulfonated polyarylethersulfone, sulfonated polyetheretherketone, partial sulfonated polystyrene fluoride, partial sulfonated polyarylethersulfone fluoride, or partial polyaryletheretherketone fluoride. The multiple-layer self-humidifying complex film is provided with the good steady, the high proton conductivity and the good self-humidifying property.

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell module are disclosed and wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack includes a plurality of repeating, serially electrically coupled fuel cell stack modules, and which are sealably mounted together by a compressive force of less than about 60 pounds per square inch.

A plasma catalysis process for preparing H2 by decomposing ammonia at lower temp to obtain the H2-N2 mixture used for the proton exchange membrane type fuel battery of car features that the non-noble-metal carried catalyst, whose active component is chosen from Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mo, Mn, Cu and W, is loaded in the discharge region in a plasma catalytic reactor.

The invention discloses an online proton exchange membrane fuel cell fault diagnosis method based on an impedance spectrum. The method includes: Firstly, establishing an electrochemical equivalent circuit model of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; performing measuring to obtain an electrochemical impedance spectrum of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; fitting and solving parameters inthe electrochemical equivalent circuit model by using an electrochemical impedance spectrum; and then selecting a part of parameters as classification characteristics, carrying out classification processing on the proton exchange membrane fuel cells by using a fault diagnosis algorithm based on a binary tree support vector machine, and diagnosing faults such as membrane dryness, water logging andair starvation which easily occur in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The problem that fault detection is difficult in the operation process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is solved, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology is applied to on-line operation monitoring and fault diagnosis of the fuel cell, and the reliability and durability of the cell can be improved.

The invention relates to a control method for predicting an air supply system model of a fuel cell and belongs to the technical field of control. The invention aims to provide the control method for predicting the air supply system model of the fuel cell to achieve steady operation of the system by adjusting the peroxy ratio of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to avoid air hunger. The method comprises the following steps: S1, establishing an air supply system dynamic model of the fuel cell for high precision control; S2, determining a preoxy reference value of the proton exchange membranefuel cell system; S3, evaluating the internal pressure value of a cathode and system disturbance by adopting an expanding state observer; and S4, designing a peroxy ratio controller of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. By adjusting the output evaluation error in real time by using the expanding state observer and retraining the output error to zero within an infinite time, the pressure of a cathode pipeline which cannot be measured is evaluated accurately.