65 results about "Cathodic reaction" patented technology

A monopolar fuel cell stack comprising proton exchange membrane fuel cells supplied with a gaseous anodic reactant, preferably hydrogen, and a gaseous cathodic reactant, preferably air. The monopolar fuel cell stack, forming at least one substantially planar array, includes a liquid water retention barrier disposed over an electrode to retain liquid water within the fuel cells. The barrier is preferably used over the cathode side of each fuel cell and allows excess air flow to cool the fuel cell stack without drying the membrane in each fuel cell. The liquid water retention barrier may be either: (i) a thin, gas permeable, liquid water impermeable membrane; (ii) a thin, porous sheet of material; or (iii) a thin, substantially solid sheet of material except for a plurality of small through-holes that penetrate from one side of the sheet to an opposing side of the same sheet.

A molten carbonate fuel cell stack and a method of operating a molten carbonate fuel cell stack, which fuel cell comprises a porous anode, a carbonate-comprising matrix and a porous cathode, wherein the anode section is supplied with a hydrogenous gas and the cathode section is supplied with a gaseous mixture comprising oxygen and carbon dioxide, the fuel cell is operated at a temperature in a range of about 823-973 K, with the carbonate of the carbonate-comprising matrix being in a fluid state, oxygen and carbon dioxide are reacted at the cathode, yielding carbonate ions which move from the cathode to the anode generating an electric voltage between the anode and the cathode and an electrical current circulating in the external circuit and water that has been formed is led away from the fuel cell together with carbon dioxide, comprising sampling the temperature of inlet of the reactants, sampling the temperature of outlet of reactants, sampling the current density and voltage sampling the flow rate and gas composition of the inlet and outlet gases analyzing the sampled temperature, current density, voltage flow rates and gas composition, and regulating the inlet flow rate such as the pressure drop between inlet and outlet is below 20 mbar and the temperature in each element of a cell of the stack is below 973K.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped carbon-coated Co-based MOF derivative material, which comprises the following steps: preparing a metal organic framework compound ZIF-67, dissolving cobalt nitrate and methylimidazole in water in a reaction kettle, reacting at 150-200 DEG C for 2h, and cooling to obtain a metal organic framework compound ZIF-67; preparing a solid mixture: dissolving the metal organic framework compound ZIF-67, polyvinylpyrrolidone and melamine in water to obtain a mixed solution, freeze-drying that mixed solution to obtain the solid mixture; preparing the nitrogen-doped carbon-coated Co-based MOF derivative material: placing the solid mixture in a furnace, purging with argon, calcining at 800-1000 DEG C for 2 h, and cooling to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon-coated Co-based MOF derivative material. In the process of preparation, the raw materials are easy to obtain and the synthetic route is simple, and the derived materials have good catalytic effect in both anodic and cathodic reactions during the process of electrolyzing water.

The invention relates to an alloy film, in particular to an anticorrosive alloy plated film. The invention also relates to a preparation method of an alloy. An alloy sacrificial anode film for preventing stress corrosion cracking is made of an aluminum, magnesium, titanium and rare-earth element-containing zinc-based alloy. As a CPF metal coating of the invention has triple corrosion prevention forms different from the conventional corrosion prevention form by using a single metal, namely a capture effect, a self-sealing effect and a static bed effect, the alloy sacrificial anode film has the corrosion prevention effect (making the best use of the circumstances) different from the past. Simultaneously, as the bonding of a metal thermal spray coating and a steel substrate is semi-molten metallurgical bonding and mechanical bond bonding, the bonding force is greater than that of an organic coating and the steel substrate. By adopting a special sealing agent, the alloy sacrificial anode film can bear a potential voltage of -1.33v, and has high oil resistance, high alkali resistance and high adhesion, and does not generate cathodic disbanding due to bubbling caused by OH<-> or H<+> generated by cathodic reaction under the coating.

A method and test apparatus for carrying out testing on a variety of samples of polymer bonded to metal wherein the samples are subjected to an accelerated cathodic reaction causing cathodic delamination of the samples. In particular, the method and test apparatus include a closed vessel that is partially filled with synthetic ocean water. An impressed current system is employed to protect the metal component of the samples. The synthetic ocean water is heated with an external band heater raising the temperature of the synthetic ocean water to thermal levels exceeding normal ocean temperatures in order to accelerate the reaction. Pure oxygen is then introduced into the closed vessel at a desired pressure to dissolve the oxygen into the synthetic ocean water to further simulate natural ocean conditions.

Methanol is produced from carbon dioxide and water in a reactor comprising a cathode side with a cathode and catalyst for the cathode reaction, an anode side with an anode and catalyst for the anode reaction, and an intermediate membrane separating the cathode side from the anode side. The reactor is divided into a plurality of cells that are flow connected in series for carrying out a multi-step cathode reaction. A voltage is connected between the cathode and the anode where the carbon dioxide is exposed to a cathode reaction, and is reduced to formic acid, in a second step the formic acid is reduced to formaldehyde and water, and in a third step the formaldehyde is reduced to methanol. Reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide to be deposited may be achieved. Water is oxidized to hydrogen peroxide, which may be used as oxidant in DMFC fuel cells.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an intelligent anticorrosion coating and belongs to the field of anticorrosion protection for metal. The preparation method comprises the steps that mesoporous silicon dioxide microspheres are prepared; modified treatment is conducted on the surfaces of the mesoporous silicon dioxide microspheres; a ZrO2-SiO2 thin film doped with Ce<4+> is prepared on the surface of metal; and the mesoporous silicon dioxide microspheres adsorbing a corrosion inhibiter are mixed into sol, the surface of the ZrO2-SiO2 thin film doped with the Ce<4+> is coated with the mesoporous silicon dioxide microspheres mixed into the sol, and the anticorrosion coating is formed. When the anticorrosion coating is eroded by an NaCl solution, the doped Ce<4+> ions can be released out along with degradation of a defect position of a coating structure, and the Ce<4+> ions serving as an oxidizing agent trigger an intelligent nano container to release the corrosion inhibiter which then enters the coating, and corrosion is effectively suppressed; at the same time, a reduction product Ce<3+> of the Ce<4+> can react with hydroxyl ions gathering in a micro-cathode zone to produce ceric oxide or hydroxide which then deposits on the micro-cathode zone in a settling form; and therefore, the cathodic reaction is suppressed, and the corrosion process is slowed down.

The invention discloses a method for preparing an Au-cluster/carbon nanotube composite catalyst. The method has the advantages that (1) the prepared Au/CNT composite catalyst has high onset potential, cycling stability and durability, and greatly improves catalytic activity of cathodic reaction of fuel cells; (2) the catalyst is prepared through in-situ reduction of a multiwalled carbon nanotube and chloroauric acid, the preparation method is simple and direct under mild reaction conditions with no high temperature and high pressure required, thus the synthetic process is greatly simplified and production cost is decreased; and (3) according to the preparation process, water serves as solvent instead of poisonous harmful organic solvent, at the meantime the preparation process is conducted under room temperature, which is energy-saving and environmentally-friendly and highly fits to the idea of green development and the development requirement on new energies of the modern society, thus the Au-cluster/carbon nanotube composite catalyst has a good market prospect.

Microbatteries based on liquid electrolyte are provided suitable for disposable microsystems including MEMS and bioMEMS. Systems using disposable and on-demand microbattery are also provided. Microbattery consists of a substrate, an anode supplying electrons when the anode contact to an electrolyte, a sealed liquid pocket including liquid mixture of an electrolyte and a cathode, a pressing means to generate pressure in said sealed liquid pocket, breaking means that is easily torn or removed by the pressure generated in said, liquid pocket, conducting electron collectors collecting electron to assist cathodic reaction and a cavity. Surface tension drives said liquid mixture into said cavity after tearing said breaking means, then electro-chemical reaction occurs to activate the microbattery. Water or blood activated microbattery is also provided for bioMEMS.

The invention provides an ecological water purification device for treatment of black and odorous water and a method thereof. The device consists of a cell reaction apparatus, a purification apparatus and a drainage apparatus. The cell reaction apparatus includes an external cathodic reaction casing pipe and an anodic reaction casing pipe disposed in the cathodic reaction casing pipe, the space between the cathodic reaction casing pipe and the anodic reaction casing pipe forms a cathodic reaction chamber, the space in the anodic reaction casing pipe is an anodic reaction chamber, and the anodic reaction casing pipe is equipped with a proton exchange membrane to realize proton conduction of the anodic reaction chamber and the cathodic reaction chamber. The microbial fuel cell constructed by the invention combines with filtration technology, can treat urban black and odorous water, the effluent quality is good, and the water purification function can be realized; green plants are increased to construct an ecological system, thereby enhancing the water purification efficacy, building landscapes and beautifying the environment. The algae and green plants used by the device can be used as the raw materials of biomass energy in the future.

The invention provides a cathode catalyst for hollow nano water electrolysis, and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: 1, adding potassium ferricyanide into a mixedsolution of a cobalt salt and sodium citrate according to the molar ratio of the cobalt salt to the potassium ferricyanide of (0.1-1): (0.2-0.5), then standing still, separating an obtained product, and sequentially washing and drying to obtain a prussian blue-like compound; and 2, carrying out annealing treatment on the prussian blue-like compound and NaH2PO2 under a protective gas according to amass ratio of (0.2-0.4): (1-2) to obtain the cathode catalyst for hollow nano-electrolysis of water. The method is uniform in reaction heating, simple and easy to operate and easy to control, the used raw materials are low in cost, the target product is easy to obtain, and the prepared catalyst is of a hollow structure and has excellent electrocatalytic activity and cathode reaction stability.

The invention discloses a method for removing cadmium ions in heavy metal wastewater, which uses electric energy generated by microbial fuel cell degraded organic matter to drive a microbial electrolysis cell to treat cadmium-containing heavy metal wastewater, does not consume external electric energy or generate secondary pollution during the whole process, and is an environment-friendly new method for treatment of cadmium-containing heavy metal wastewater. The method comprises the following three steps: 1, determination of MFC operating parameters; 2, construction of an MFC-MEC self-driven coupling system; and 3, treatment of the cadmium-containing heavy metal wastewater, wherein through the steps 1 and 2, the cadmium-containing heavy metal wastewater is treated through MEC cathodic reaction, catholyte is the cadmium-containing heavy metal wastewater, the pH value is 1-5, carbon paper is used as anode, and stainless steel, a titanium plate and carbon paper are used as cathode material. After the end of MEC reaction, the cathode is taken out and an MEC cathode reduction product is collected. XRD detection proves that the MEC cathode reduction product is cadmium carbonate and the cadmium ion removal rate is 89.5%.

The invention discloses a test method used for corrosive wear. The method comprises the following steps: calculating the metal corrosion current ik through combining the local cathodic reaction polarization curve of an inert electrode with the self-corrosion potential Ecorr of a corrosion electrode; calculating the metal corrosion current density icorr; and converting the corrosion weight loss rate Wcorr according to the Faraday's law. The test method for simulating the corrosive wear service condition is provided against the dynamic corrosion and wear service test under wear and corrosion conditions when the surface brittle delamination caused by a cutting furrow and impact corrosion wear environment is the main cause for the failure of an anti-wear part containing a corrosion medium. The method solves and determines the measurement of the total corrosive wear weight loss of a metal material in the corrosion medium, can be used for measuring the electrochemical corrosive wear in dynamic corrosive war, and effectively instructs the quantitative researches of the corrosion in the wearing process.

The invention discloses a method for utilizing zero-valent iron to reinforce anaerobic-MFC (microbial fuel cell) coupling for degrading quinoline and indole as typical nitrogen-contained heterocycliccompounds. The microbial fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, and a proton membrane. Both the anode and the cathode of the microbial fuel cell adopt carbon brush fibers as electrodes, microbes which can degrade quinoline and indole as nitrogen-contained heterocyclic compounds and have electrochemical activity are respectively inoculated on the anodic carbon brush, the cathode adopts potassiumferricyanide as an electron acceptor, and a cathode chamber and an anode chamber are partitioned by the proton exchange membrane. The solution of the nitrogen-contained heterocyclic compounds first reacts in an acclimatized anaerobic bottle for 24 hours, the supernate in the anaerobic bottle is adopted as a carbon source for the microbes, and with the constant oxidation of the anodic organic matter and the continuous proceeding of cathodic reaction, an external circuit can be connected to the carbon brushes of the two electrodes through wires to form a circuit. Because the invention utilizes cheap zero-valent iron to reinforce the microbial fuel cell for degrading typical nitrogen-contained heterocyclic compounds, the degradation of typical nitrogen-contained heterocyclic compounds is accelerated, more electric energy is recovered, and the energy consumption cost of the process is reduced.

The invention provides a TiB2-C composite cathode for aluminum electrolysis and a preparation method thereof. The TiB2-C composite cathode comprises a full-graphite carbon block or a graphitized cathode carbon block for aluminum electrolysis, wherein holes are formed in a conductive face of the carbon block, and TiB2-C composite cathode materials are arranged in the holes. A plurality of TiB2-C composite materials penetrating through the interior of a base body have good wetting properties with aluminum liquid, then, during electrolysis, aluminum liquid films are firstly formed at conductive poles of the wettable TiB2-C composite material, then, a continuous aluminum liquid film face is formed by a plurality of points, a whole cathode conductive face is covered, and then, a layer of uniform and firm aluminum liquid film is formed on a whole cathode surface, so that the problem of the wetting of the aluminum liquid and a cathode material is solved thoroughly, the condition that an inert wettable cathode can have a stable cathodic reaction interface in various novel aluminum electrolysis tanks is ensured, the real wetting of the aluminum liquid and the cathode is realized, conditions for realizing the low-polar-distance production of aluminum electrolysis are provided, and meanwhile, the problems that a TiB2 composite coating cathode is short in technical service life and easy in falling off are solved.

The invention provides a PtNi polyhedral nanochain, a preparation method thereof and application. The PtNi polyhedral nanochain is of a one-dimensional linear structure formed by connecting a plurality of PtNi polyhedral nano particles in series through a PtNi nanowire. The size of the PtNi polyhedral nanoparticles is 7-15 nanometers, the diameter of the PtNi nanowire is 0.5-3 nanometers, and the length of the PtNi nanowire is 50-300 nanometers. The PtNi polyhedral nanochain is applied to cathode reaction of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the performance of the PtNi polyhedral nanochain is superior to that of commercial Pt/C, the PtNi polyhedral nanochain has higher catalytic activity and poison resistance, and a catalyst can maintain higher electro-catalytic performance in a long time; compared with PtNi nanoparticles, the nanostructure can maintain the one-dimensional linear structure and has good electro-catalysis stability; and compared with a one-dimensional PtNi nanowire, the nanostructure can have a higher surface-body ratio, and more active sites are provided in an electro-catalytic reaction.

The invention discloses a low-cost rebar corrosion inhibitor and belongs to the technical field of building materials. The corrosion inhibitor is compounded of corrosion inhibition components (sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, thiocarbamide and magnesium oxide) and water serving as a dispersion medium, wherein sodium benzoate is an organic type corrosion inhibition component and belongs to anodic corrosion inhibition components; sodium acetate and thiocarbamide are organic type corrosion inhibition components and belong to mixed type corrosion inhibition components; magnesium oxide is an inorganic type corrosion inhibition component; therefore, the corrosion inhibitor disclosed by the invention is compounded of the organic and inorganic corrosion inhibition components and also is a mixture and a composition of the anodic corrosion inhibition component and the mixed type corrosion inhibition component, so that the prepared corrosion inhibitor has obvious inhibition effects on the anodic reaction and cathodic reaction in the rebar corrosion process, the defects of singly using organic or inorganic corrosion inhibition component is overcome. The corrosion inhibitor is low in price, low in use amount, non-toxic and pollution-free, and can be used in a way of being directly mixed with concrete, is well adapted to the concrete, and can be widely applied to reinforced concrete structure of water conservancy, railways, and civil buildings.

The proton exchange film fuel cell is utilized to synthesize propanol with propenol and produce electric energy. The proton exchange film fuel cell is connected to the test while controlling its temperature and the cathode chamber is pre-treated with nitrogen before bumping in cathode reactant, the cell is then initially polarized via introducing hydrogen to the anode and turning on the circuit to make residual oxygen in the cathode chamber react fully. Through reaction for 1-8 hr in controlled hydrogen flow rate, propenol water solution flow rate and reaction current and no load, pure propanol is produced. In the proton exchange film fuel cell of the present invention, porous gas diffusing three-in-one film electrode is used. The present invention is important in producing small amount of high-quality chemical product.

The invention discloses application of an electrochemical method in pigment hydrolysis coating and relates to the technical field of pigment production. When the electrochemical method disclosed by the invention is applied to the pigment hydrolysis coating, a pigment hydrolysis coating reactor is adopted; in the reaction process, high-corrosivity alkali liquor is not used, so that the corrosion toa reaction device is avoided, and safety and environmental protection are realized; in the reaction process, the reactor is electrified by using a voltage-stabilizing direct current power supply; hydrolysate is continuously consumed by using a cathodic reaction to generate H<+>; the consumption rate of H<+> is controlled by using a method of adjusting current of the direct current power supply instead of a traditional alkali neutralization method for adjusting the flow of the alkali liquor, so that the consumption rate of H<+> is consistent with the hydrolysis rate; and the reaction process is relatively-mild and controllable, the requirements on the reactor are low, and the construction cost of the pigment hydrolysis coating reactor is low.

The invention is a water soluble unsaturated organic acid electrochemical hydrogenation and electric energy symbiosis method, inserting a proton exchange film fuel cell in a testing system and controlling the temperature of the cell, using nitrogen gas to pretreat the cathode chamber before cathode reactant pumped in, and then making initial polarization on the cell, that is, after charging H2 in the anode, turning on circuit to make residual O2 fully react in the cathode chamber; at the time of reaction, controlling H2 and organic acid water fluxes, respectively, and by adjusting variable resistor, controlling reacting current and making reaction at a certain current density for 3-8 hours, so as to obtain different purity saturated organic acids. It can generate electric energy at the same time of synthesizing products and has an important significance in producing a few high-quality chemical products.