6953results about "Solid electrolyte fuel cells" patented technology

Improved performance ion exchange membranes for use in REM, AEM and DMFC fuel cells, buffered fuel cells, hydrolysis, other applications comprise a molecular matrix of homopolymers, di-monomer, heteropolymers, copolymers, or block-polymers of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon compounds combined with (i) skeletal support grid to improve durability, handling, reduce membrane swelling, and sequester dopants and nanoparticles from leakage; (ii) microporous membrane formed using a sacrificial filler process enhancing conductivity and limiting fuel crossover; (iii) hetero-ionomeric matrix of two-or-more membrane-bound acids e.g. sulphonic and phosphonic acid expanding usable range; (iv) permanent fillers enhancing conductivity and porosity including nanoparticles, metal-oxides, zeolites, silicates, GOs, CNTs, MOFs, POSS, and others; (v) ionic liquid doping to enhance membrane conductivity; (vi) membrane nanocoating preventing H2O2 diffusion; and / or (vii) catalytic nanocoating with metals, metal-oxides, and MOFs preventing atmospheric toxin catalyst poisoning. Combined with a heterogenous GDI, the IEM is integrated into iBFC power blade and energy bank applications.

A buffered fuel cell able to convert fuel such as hydrogen into electricity and concurrently store generated electric charge electrochemically in a low-impedance electrical buffer capable of delivering high currents to a variety of electrical loads without significant voltage sag. A charge transfer regulator controlling energy flow between an array of series-connected or series-parallel connected fuel cells and an electrical buffer limiting fuel cell current densities, controlling charging C-rates, and preventing buffer overcharging. An intelligent system for managing a buffered fuel cell by dynamically matching fuel cell stack voltage to an electrochemical buffer thereby expanding its usable humidity and temperature operating ranges, preventing buffer damage from excessive load currents or improper voltage operation, and actively regulating cell temperature and humidity. Electrical isolated fuel cell modules enabling stacked operation at high voltages, disabling and bypassing unused or redundant modules, and facilitating galvanically isolated electrical charging, voltage balancing, and system communication.

A advanced fuel cell (AFC) assembly comprises a variety of features improving its performance, reliability, durability, and manufacturability include an ion exchange membrane such as a proton exchange membrane comprising polymers of perfluorinated sulfonic acid or hydrocarbon compounds supported by an inert endoskeletal structure of greater mechanical strength preventing deformation damage from handling, temperature cycling, and ionomer swelling and contraction from humidity cycling. The endoskeleton may be attached to wider exoskeletal pillars used for singulating one membrane from another after fabrication and to a thicker handle used to transport the membrane during processing prior to separation. Other AFC features include a asymmetric catalyst coated membrane inhibiting fuel cross over, oxygen back streaming, and CO atmospheric poisoning; a graded heterogenous gas diffusion layer for enhanced charge and gas transport; and a self-aligned gasket-less assembly with integrated sealant preventing gas leakage.

An aircraft cooling system comprises an evaporator, condenser, an accumulator, and a pump system. The evaporator is configured to cool a set of heat loads in an aircraft using a liquid. The liquid forms a vapor in response to cooling the set of heat loads. The condenser is configured to receive the vapor from the evaporator and cool the vapor in which cooling the vapor forms the liquid. The accumulator is configured to receive the liquid from the condenser and store the liquid. The pump system is configured to pump the liquid stored in the accumulator to the evaporator.

Provided is a small, simple hydrogen gas production device that allows gas produced in sequence using liquefied ammonia as a raw material to flow downstream without stagnation, does not require a separate pressure reducer for creating a pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of a separation membrane, and can remove nitrogen without using a high-pressure compressor, thereby consuming less power. [Solution] The hydrogen gas production device of the embodiment includes a tank of liquefied ammonia, a primary purification section and a secondary purification section that remove residual ammonia gas and nitrogen gas from decomposition gas of ammonia gas, and a pressure reducer. The separation membrane of the purification section from which nitrogen gas is removed separates hydrogen gas from nitrogen gas by the differential pressure between the upstream and downstream sides of the separation membrane. The pressure reducer is provided in a purified gas line through which hydrogen gas flows, and reduces the pressure on the upstream side of the pressure reducer. The differential pressure is formed as a part of the pressure difference formed between the tank internal pressure and the pressure on the upstream side of the pressure reducer.

Provided is an electroconductive sheet 10 comprising an aromatic polyamide pulp, a fluororesin, a carbon-based electroconductive substance, and an electrode catalyst. Also provided is a production method for the electroconductive sheet, the method comprising: a step X1, in which a slurry X1 including an aromatic polyamide pulp, a fluororesin, a carbon-based electroconductive substance, and an electrode catalyst is prepared and the slurry X1 is formed into a sheet by wet laying to obtain an electroconductive-sheet precursor X1; and a step Y1, in which the electroconductive-sheet precursor X1 is hot-pressed in air at a temperature of 100-350°C and a linear pressure of 10-50 N / m and thereafter fired in an inert gas at 200-500°C. Use may be made of a method in which either one of a slurry X2-1 containing no electrode catalyst and a slurry X2-2 containing the electrode catalyst is formed into a sheet by wet laying to obtain the electroconductive-sheet precursor, and the other slurry is formed into a sheet by wet laying on one surface of the electroconductive-sheet precursor.

The present invention relates to a system, apparatus, and method for the dual-purpose functionality of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from atmospheric and flue gas sources and concurrently generating electrical energy. More specifically, this patent application focuses exclusively on the non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine variant of the apparatuses and methods for capturing carbon dioxide and electrical energy generating system invention. The invention embodies an integrated system designed for the efficient capture of CO2 and simultaneous production of clean electricity. To simultaneously generate electric power at maximum efficiency and capture carbon dioxide, the present invention comprises different integrated processes, integrated systems, and techniques. The present system comprises; a non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine system unit, a carbon dioxide capturing system unit, a hybrid solar Hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system system unit and waste heat recovery system unit. Moreover, the system comprises waste-heat-based carbon dioxide absorption and waste-heat-based regeneration sub-units to power carbon dioxide capturing parts by waste heat. All the systems of units are developed, integrated, hybrid, and co-functionally working to simultaneously enhance both CO2 capture efficiency and electricity generation. Through these integrated processes, systems, and techniques, the invention aims to generate and maximize clean electrical power output while effectively capture CO2 and reducing CO2 emission impacts on the environment with a dual solution approach. The invention further includes various alternative embodiments, and invention versions for versatile application in CO2 capture and energy production fields.

The invention discloses an A-site high-entropy solid oxide fuel cell cathode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and provides an A-site high-entropy solid oxide fuel cell cathode material Pr < 0.2 > M < 0.2 > La < 0.2 > Ba < 0.2 > Sr < 0.2 > Co < 0.8 > Fe < 0.2 > O < 3-delta > with a perovskite phase. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, weighing multi-element metal nitrates, and mixing to obtain a first mixed solution; s2, dissolving ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid in ammonia water to obtain a second mixed solution; mixing the first mixed solution, the second mixed solution and citric acid to form a mixed precursor solution; s3, carrying out second heating treatment on the mixed precursor solution, and adjusting the pH value to form a gel precursor; and S4, carrying out pre-sintering treatment, third heat treatment and calcination treatment on the gel precursor to obtain a high-grade powder precursor, and carrying out ball milling and sieving treatment to obtain the A-site high-entropy solid oxide fuel cell cathode material. The cathode material is high in stability and good in chemical compatibility with a barrier layer GDC, provides high-quality mass transfer channels and active sites for O2 / O- / O2-, and has good electrochemical performance at medium and low temperatures.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a metal nitrogen-carbon loaded high-load platinum catalyst, and belongs to the field of four-electron oxygen reduction. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing a synthesized metal carrier in ethylene glycol, carrying out uniform ultrasonic treatment, dropwise adding a chloroplatinic acid solution, continuously carrying out uniform ultrasonic dispersion, dropwise adding sodium hydroxide until the pH value is 11, and stirring for 2 hours; reacting the reaction liquid in an oil bath at 125 DEG C for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding hydrochloric acid to settle the reaction liquid, washing with a large amount of water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the target catalyst. According to the synthesis method, relatively environment-friendly solvents such as methanol and ethylene glycol are used, so that the pollution to the environment is reduced, the used raw materials are relatively cheap, the energy consumption in the preparation process is relatively low, and the production cost of the catalyst is favorably reduced. The prepared catalyst shows excellent oxygen reduction performance and has a good industrial prospect.

The invention provides a random generation method for a physical structure of a catalytic layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating control parameters, and secondly, generating a carbon carrier phase, specifically, S21, generating a new carbon sphere; s22, judging whether the new carbon sphere is a growth nucleus, if not, executing S23, if so, further judging whether the new carbon sphere is overlapped with other carbon spheres, if so, returning to S21, and if not, executing S25; s23, judging whether the new carbon ball coincides with other carbon balls or not, if yes, executing S24, and if not, returning to S21; s24, judging whether the contact ratio of the new carbon ball and other carbon balls is not greater than a predefined allowable maximum contact ratio value among the carbon balls, if so, executing S25, and if not, returning to S21; s25, confirming the generation of the new carbon spheres, and converting all lattice points in the area occupied by the new carbon spheres into carbon carrier phase lattice points; s26, checking whether the volume fraction of the carbon carrier phase at the moment meets the requirement or not, and if not, repeating S21 to S25; and finally generating a platinum particle phase and an electrolyte phase.

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell equipment degradation prediction, and provides a PEMFC degradation prediction method and system based on spatial dynamic non-stationary reconstruction attention, and the technical scheme is as follows: obtaining multi-sensing historical operation data of a fuel cell PEMFC; training the constructed PEMFC degradation prediction model based on the multi-sensing historical operation data of the fuel cell PEMFC to obtain a trained PEMFC degradation prediction model; the construction process of the PEMFC degradation prediction model comprises the steps that statistical information of multi-sensor time sequence data in the spatial dimension is acquired, and the statistical information in the spatial dimension is combined and mapped to a non-stationary factor; obtaining battery degradation characteristics in a time dimension; based on a non-stationary factor, dynamically correcting an attention weight in a self-attention mechanism during spatial feature extraction to obtain a corrected battery degradation spatial feature; the method can better cope with the non-stationarity of multiple sensor signals at different moments and under different working conditions, thereby capturing more critical and richer degradation feature expressions.

An alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy method includes providing an AC impedance spectroscopy ripple from power electronics into an electrochemical device, and absorbing the ripple in the power electronics.

To provide a fuel battery system that reduces the area required for installation.SOLUTION: A fuel battery system comprises a fuel battery unit including a fuel battery cell, a control unit that controls the fuel battery unit, and a housing unit that houses the fuel battery unit and the control unit, in which the fuel battery unit and the control unit are arranged in a hierarchical structure as a first layer and a second layer from the bottom.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

The present invention relates to an aircraft propulsion system (100) comprising: a fuel cell arrangement comprising at least one fuel cell (110); an air source (130) for providing air to the fuel cell arrangement; a compressor arrangement comprising a first compressor (120) in fluid communication with the air source and a fuel cell of the fuel cell arrangement; and, a turbine arrangement comprising a first turbine (124) mechanically coupled to the first compressor, wherein the first turbine is in fluid communication with the at least one fuel cell (110), the system being arranged so that, in use, air from the air source (130) flows in turn to the first compressor (120), the fuel cell arrangement and the first turbine (124).

The invention discloses a preparation method of carbon fiber base paper for a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, which comprises the following steps: taking carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile fiber pulp, adding a dispersant, defibering, grinding to form carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile pulp, taking one or two dispersants, adding a carbon nanotube, and stirring to obtain a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; then taking two dispersants and carbon fibers, adding the two dispersants and the carbon fibers into water, stirring to form a carbon fiber dispersion liquid, adding the carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile pulp into the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, defibering to form a prefabricated liquid, mixing and stirring the carbon fiber dispersion liquid and the prefabricated liquid to prepare a compound system dispersion liquid, preparing a wet paper web by wet forming, curtain-coating a binder on the wet paper web, and drying to obtain the carbon fiber composite paper. Preparing carbon fiber raw paper; the carbon fiber base paper is prepared by mixing the treated carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile pulp with the carbon nanotubes and then uniformly mixing the mixture with the carbon fibers, so that the bending strength and the conductivity of the base paper can be effectively improved, and the process difficulty is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of energy power, in particular to a fuel cell system based on a solid hydrogen pool and a hydrogen-electricity conversion efficiency determination method. The fuel cell system comprises a solid hydrogen pool module, a fuel cell module and a coupling module which are integrally assembled, the solid hydrogen pool module comprises a hydrolysis hydrogen releasing pool and a solid hydrogen storage component, the fuel cell module comprises an electrolytic tank and a proton exchange membrane, and the coupling module comprises a hydrogen conveying unit and a water circulation unit. The hydrogen conveying unit is used for conveying hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage component into the electrolytic tank for electrochemical reaction, and the water circulation unit is used for extracting an aqueous solution containing unelectrolyzed hydrogen in the electrolytic tank into the hydrolysis hydrogen release tank for hydrolysis hydrogen release reaction. The hydrogen element in the aqueous solution can be recycled for the second time in the hydrolysis hydrogen release tank and the electrolytic tank, so that the double hydrogen production effect is achieved, and the energy storage and hydrogen-electricity conversion efficiency is greatly improved.

The present disclosure relates to fuel cells comprising composite catalytic material comprising (N-doped) carbon nanofoam, catalytic metal and an electrically conductive material comprising an electrically conductive polymer. The fuel cells can advantageously operate at lower temperatures than standard fuel cells.

The subject matter described herein generally relates to look ahead energy management and control systems and methods for detecting, incorporating, and leveraging look ahead technology data to improve the performance, durability, and life of fuel cell systems.

The present invention relates to: a hollow fiber membrane for a fuel cell humidifier, the hollow fiber membrane comprising a polymer and an antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant is disposed on the inner surface and / or the outer surface thereof; a method for manufacturing same; and a humidifier and a fuel cell system, comprising same.

To improve the durability of a fuel cell.SOLUTION: A fuel cell 100 includes a membrane electrode assembly 115 in which electrodes are bonded to both sides of an electrolyte membrane 107, and a cerium complex containing a carrier and cerium, and the mass ratio of the carrier content to the cerium content in the cerium complex is 15 or more and 100 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: None

To provide a power supply system capable of improving followability of power supply to a demand change without reducing power generation efficiency.SOLUTION: A power supply system 1000 comprises a plurality of power generation units 100 operated in a parallel state to a commercial power source system 500 and a system controller 18 which supervises control states of the power generation units 100. The power generation unit 100 includes a power generation module 20, a power conditioner 16, and a local controller 17. The system controller divides the power generation unit 100 into any one of a first group of maximum output fixed machines, a second group of minimum output fixed machines, a third group of output adjustment machines, and a fourth group of output standby machines and controls total output power of the system by selecting a combination of groups on the basis of purchase power information from the commercial power source system 500.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

The present invention relates to a method for shutting down a fuel-cell stack connected to a regulating circuit for regulating a temperature (T) of the stack with a heat-transfer fluid. The method comprises a stabilization phase (P2), during which: - an air supply of the fuel-cell stack is maintained, - the stack is controlled so that the amplitude of a current (I) produced by the stack is maintained substantially equal to a constant target current value (I1), - a reference temperature, corresponding to a relative humidity level in the cathode compartment of each cell of the stack equal to 100%, is calculated on the basis of the produced current, of a flow rate of air leaving the stack, and of a pressure prevailing in the cathode compartment of each cell, - the regulating circuit is controlled so that the temperature of the heat-transfer fluid entering the stack is between 100% and 140% of the reference temperature.

A solid oxide cell can comprise a nonporous oxide layer, one or more first porous layers, and one or more second porous layers. The nonporous oxide layer can conduct oxygen ions and can operate as a solid electrolyte. The first and second porous layers can be disposed on opposite sides of the nonporous oxide layer. The nonporous oxide layer can have a density greater than that of each of the first and second porous layers. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more first porous layers can be infiltrated with one or more electrocatalytic oxides. Alternatively, in some embodiments, a porous functional layer can be disposed between the nonporous oxide layer and the one or more first porous layers. The porous functional layer can be effective to increase an open circuit voltage of the solid oxide cell.

The present disclosure provides a prediction method of electrochemical and mechanical performances of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) in a cold-hot cycle, and belongs to the technical field of SOFCs. In the present disclosure, a cold-hot cycle test is performed on SOFC pile, a polarization curve and an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are measured by an electrochemical workstation, and contributions of different electrode reaction processes to voltage attenuation are analyzed quantitatively; the mechanical performance (bending strength, elastic modulus and hardness) after different numbers of cold-hot cycle services is tested, and based on change of Ni particles, the electrochemical performance and the mechanical performance of the SOFC pile are quantitatively associated; an attenuation coupling relationship of the electrochemical performance and the mechanical performance of the SOFC pile is disclosed and an attenuation theory model of the electrochemical performance and the mechanical performance of the SOFC pile is built. In this way, a change law of the electrochemical performance and the mechanical performance of the SOFC pile after different numbers of cold-hot cycles and a cold-hot cycle service life of the SOFC pile can be accurately predicted, which is of great significance to improve the thermal shock resistance of the cold-hot cycles of the SOFC pile, so as to promote SOFC commercialization applications.

The present invention provides a method of changing the electrolytic conversion rate within at least on electrolyser cell stack of an electrolyser system having a fluid inlet, fluid outlet and a power control system, and using said power control system to change the voltage across the electrolyser cell stack, allowing the fluid outlet temperature to change in response to the voltage change, setting an inlet temperature to substantially match the new outlet temperature, and then allowing the voltage to revert to a substantially thermoneutral value, such that the electrolyser cell stack is operating at a changed stack temperature and changed electrolytic conversion rate.

According to the invention there is a method of preparing a catalyst layer for a fuel cell or an electrolyser. The method comprises the steps of: (i) providing a donor substrate having opposing first and second surfaces and providing a catalyst ink disposed as a layer on the second surface, wherein the catalyst ink comprises an electrocatalyst, an ion-conducting polymer, and a solvent; (ii) providing an acceptor substrate, wherein the second surface of the donor substrate faces towards the acceptor substrate; and (iii) irradiating the catalyst ink with laser radiation at a wavelength which is absorbed by the catalyst ink so as to transfer the catalyst ink from the donor substrate to the acceptor substrate.

An electrochemical cell according to the present invention comprises a metal plate and an element part. The metal plate has a first surface, a second surface, and a plurality of through holes which include at least one first hole. The second surface is located on the opposite side from the first surface. The plurality of through holes each have a first opening which is located on the first surface. The element part has a first layer which faces the first surface, a solid electrolyte layer, and a first electrode which is located on the opposite side of the solid electrolyte layer from the first layer. The first layer has a protrusion part which extends into the first hole. The protrusion part covers the edge of the first opening of the first hole and at least a portion of the wall surface of the first hole.

The invention relates to a carbon carrier material for microwave-assisted phosphoric acid treatment and oxygen reduction, a catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof, and the scheme is innovated by the following steps: dipping conductive carbon black (such as ketjen black ECP600JD) and 60-70wt% phosphoric acid solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1g / (15-18) mL, preheating at 100-250 DEG C in an argon atmosphere, then carrying out a reaction for 10-100 seconds under the assistance of a microwave power of 100-600 W, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the carbon carrier material for microwave-assisted phosphoric acid treatment and oxygen reduction. The phosphorus content of the prepared carbon carrier material is 4-6wt%, and the graphitization degree of the carbon carrier material is improved (ID / IG value is 1.15-1.20). And after the platinum-cobalt alloy is further loaded, the particle size of the nanoparticles is uniform, the potential loss is only 3 mV after 5000 accelerated attenuation tests in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the power density attenuation is reduced by 58%. The method has the advantages of quick reaction, low energy consumption, high corrosion resistance and the like, and the stability of the catalyst is remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a non-noble metal M-doped carbon-supported PtM alloy catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to a PtM alloy catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of poor catalytic activity and insufficient adaptability of the existing PtM alloy catalyst. According to the catalyst, PtM alloy nanoparticles are uniformly supported on a non-noble metal M-doped carbon carrier, wherein M is Co, Fe, Zn, Ni or Ce. The preparation method comprises the following steps: M-doped carbon is taken as a carrier, Pt is loaded by adopting a microwave reduction method, then the non-noble metal M-doped carbon-loaded PtM alloy catalyst is obtained through high-temperature alloying, the mass activity of PtCo / Co-NC-C and the mass activity of Pt / Fe-NC-C are 0.381 mA / [mu] gPt and 0.285 A / mgPt respectively and are about 3.4 times and 2.5 times of the mass activity of 20% Pt / C, and the catalyst can be used in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.