1677 results about "Chemical energy" patented technology

A power generation system is provided which converts chemical energy in one or more fuels into electrical and / or mechanical power. The system includes both fuel cells to directly convert electrical energy in a fuel into electrical power and at lest one combustor and expander to generate mechanical power, optionally than converted to electrical power in a generator. Fuel cell products disclosed from the fuel cell are entered into the combustor to be heated along with products of combustion created in the combustor and expanded in the expander along with the products of combustion.

Apparatus and methods for determining the individual states of charge of electrolytes in a redox battery with mixed or unmixed reactants by optical absorption spectrophotometry are disclosed. The state of charge thus obtained may serve as a gauge for the amount of electro-chemical energy left in the system. Further, the information on anolyte and catholyte charge states may be used for any rebalancing mechanism if the states are different.

This invention is a reactor and a process for the conversion of organic waste material such as municipal trash, sewage, post-consumer refuse, and biomass to commercially salable materials.The invention produces the following:1. Maximum energy conversion from the organic material2. High volume consumption of the organic feed material3. Less pollution of gaseous products than prior art systems4. Solid residuals for disposal are minimal and non-hazardous.The conversion is accomplished by combining anaerobic gasification and pyrolysis of the feed organic material and making it into synthetic gas. The synthetic gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons (CxHy), hydrogen, and carbon monoxide with small amounts of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. An essential feature of the invention is a hot driver gas, devoid of free oxygen and rich in water, which supplies the entire thermal and chemical energy needed for the reactions. This hot driver gas is produced by complete sub-stoichiometric combustion of the fuel (CxHy) before it enters the reactor.

It relates to a method and device of changing solar energy to chemical energy. It accumulates the solar energy and changing it to heat energy ranging from 150deg.C-300deg.C, providing reaction heat for the liquid fuels, allowing the middle and low level solar energy changing and stored into high level chemical energy, with the liquid being carbinol or dimethyl ether synthetic fuel, with the catabolite being hydrogen and monoxide formed gas. It can be used for multi purposes, providing fine synthetic fuel and material for customers.

Medical instruments and systems for applying energy to tissue, and more particularly relates to systems for ablating or damaging structures in a body or vessel wall to alter electrical conduction therein to cause an intended therapeutic effect. Variations include devices and methods for generating a high pressure flow of a liquid media and / or a vapor media to treat the targeted tissue by the application of mechanical energy, thermal energy or chemical energy to such targeted tissue.

The invention discloses a bipolarity current collector and a preparation method, which belongs to the chemical energy storage battery technical field. The provided bipolarity current collector comprises aluminum foil, a non-aluminum conducting layer and a polymer barrier layer positioned between aluminum foil and non-aluminum conducting layer; the edges of the aluminum foil and the non-aluminum conducting layer are partially or wholly conductively contacted, the width of a conductive contact area of the edges are 0.1-1.5 centimeters. The bipolarity current collector can avoid the occurrence of internal short circuit and cathode oxidation of the current copper aluminum laminated foils under the condition that a hole is existed; composite insulation frames are hot-pressed on the bipolarity current collector, and can avoid the occurrence of short circuit of the marginal part of the composite current collector, and the security of high voltage battery can be increased.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to SOFC with a multilayer structure comprising a porous ceramic cathode, optionally a cathodic triple phase boundary layer, a bilayer electrolyte comprising a cerium oxide comprising layer and a bismuth oxide comprising layer, an anion functional layer, and a porous ceramic anode with electrical interconnects, wherein the SOFC displays a very high power density at temperatures below 700° C. with hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels. The low temperature conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy allows the fabrication of the fuel cells using stainless steel or other metal alloys rather than ceramic conductive oxides as the interconnects.

Methods for determining the state of charge of an electrolyte solution in a redox battery by optical absorption spectrophotometry are disclosed. The state of charge thus obtained may serve as a gauge for the amount of electro-chemical energy left in the system.

Performance parameters for a reciprocating pump including pulsation energy, temperature energy, solids, Miller number and chemical energy and the like are monitored and employed to at least periodically compute a total energy number over the operating life of the pump. The current computed value is compared to a predictive failure value empirically determined for the respective pump design, to determine when failure is likely to be imminent. Scheduling of maintenance with other pumping operations and objective rating of competing designs is possible based on the total energy number.

The present invention relates to a multifunctional and portable solar charger, more particularly, to a portable solar charger which combines the functions of charging, illumination and power supply together in order to perform effectively transform between a low voltage and a high voltage and conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy, when a storage battery of the charger is charged with the electrical energy, the electrical energy can be transferred to a mobile phone or its battery and other mini-type electrical apparatus such as digital camera, portable computer and portable CD player, in addition, the charger can be connected to an alternating current (AC) power supply.

A fabric treatment appliance comprises a cabinet; a laundry treatment chamber located in the cabinet for receiving fabric; an automatic laundry processing system in the cabinet for providing at least one of mechanical energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy to the fabric in the laundry treatment chamber to perform a laundry treatment process; and a manual treatment system incorporated into the cabinet.

The invention mainly provides an anode composite material of a lithium sulfur battery and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of chemical energy storage batteries. The novel sulfur composite material is prepared by using mechanical high energy ball milling in the presence of an inert gas and an oxygen-insulating thermal compound method to uniformly mixing or coating a sulfur conductive polymer, a sulfur anode active ingredient and a catalytic conductive oxide. The sulfur active matter in the material has high electrochemic conductivity and the nano particles obtained by grinding the material have high absorption performance, so the cycle life performance of the lithium sulfur battery is improved effectively.

An apparatus and method are disclosed for eliminating the chemical energy of fuel remaining in a fuel cell generator when the electrical power output of the fuel cell generator is terminated. During a generator shut down condition, electrically resistive elements are automatically connected across the fuel cell generator terminals in order to draw current, thereby depleting the fuel inventory in the generator. The invention provides a safety function in eliminating the fuel energy, and also provides protection to the fuel cell stack by eliminating overheating.

The invention belongs to bioenergy source utilizing field, especially relating to a bioreactor-direct microbial fuel cell and its use. And it mainly comprises tubular anode chamber and cathode chamber and proton exchange membrane to isolate the two chambers, where both the electrodes are of unpolished high-purity graphite rod; the anode is inoculated with bacteria, where before inoculation, charging aseptic N2-CO2(80:20) mixed gas to remove all oxygen gas from culture medium and after inoculation, slowly charging mixed gas and keeping strict anaerobic environment; the cathode keeps charging aseptic air and keeps dissolved oxygen concentration in the aseptic air; in the two chambers, slowly blending with magnetic blender; before used, the battery device is processed by high pressure moisture-heat sterilization. And the invention can use glucose, fructose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, and other sugar-containing matters and organic waste water as raw materials and directly converts their chemical energies into electric energy, having characters of no medium toxicity, good stability, moderate operating conditions, clean power generation, etc.

Batteries based on solid-state electrolytes are known in the art. These (planar) energy sources, or solid-state batteries, efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy and can be used as the power sources for portable electronics. The invention relates to a method for manufacturing of a solid-state battery in which the pinholes in a solid electrolyte are at least partially filled by the deposition of an electrically insulating layers. The invention also relates to a battery obtained by performing such a method. The invention further relates to an electronic device provided with such a battery.

The invention relates to the field of chemical energy storage devices such as super capacitors, batteries and the like, and particularly discloses a composite material based on nanometer, a preparation method of the composite material and application in a flexible energy storage device, which solve the problem that common energy storage devices are difficult to be bent and deform. Nanometer active materials are compounded with flexible fibers, high-energy-storage characteristics of the nanometer active materials and excellent flexibility of flexible fiber materials are integrated, the quality percentage of the nanometer active materials ranges from 0.1% to 40%, the rest components of the composite material are the flexible fibers, the flexible nanometer composite material in a three-dimensional communication network structure is formed, furthermore, the composite material can be used as an electrode active material and a current collector simultaneously so as to be assembled to form the bendable flexible energy storage device, higher specific capacity can be realized under a bending condition and is equivalent to that when the flexible energy storage device is not bent, and the composite material can be expected to be applied to the field of flexible devices in the future.

Disclosed is a method for inducing desorption of hydrogen for a metal hydride by applying thereto sufficient energy to induce hydrogen desorption by endothermic reaction. The energy that is so-applied is non-thermal and selected from the group consisting of mechanical energy, ultrasonic energy, microwave energy, electric energy, chemical energy and radiation energy.

This invention relates to prospective electric energy sources to be employed in both mobile and stationery high-power electric stations. A method is disclosed for manufacturing a High Temperature Fuel Cell (HTFC), and the associated components, having a solid oxide electrolyte, and designed to transform chemical energy directly into electrical power. The disclosed method for manufacturing an HTFC and its components employs a narrow class of organic reagents which are well known, and widely used in the art. The manufacturing and assembly is performed within the framework of a single physical / chemical process and uniform technological equipment.

This invention relates to the field of electric power generation by direct transformation of the chemical energy of gaseous fuel to electric power by means of high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The invention can be used for the fabrication of miniaturized thin filmed oxygen sensors, in electrochemical devices for oxygen extraction from air and in catalytic electrochemical devices for waste gas cleaning or hydrocarbon fuels conversion. The technical objective of the invention is the production of a low-cost electrode-electrolyte pair having an elevated electrochemical efficiency as the most important structural part of a highly efficient, economically advantageous and durable fuel cell. Furthermore, the invention achieves additional objectives. The achievement of these objectives is exemplified with two electrode-electrolyte pair designs and their fabrication methods, including with the use of a special organogel.

Subfluorinated graphite fluorides of formula CFx wherein CFx is in the range of 0.06 to 0.63, e.g., 0.10 to 0.46, are used as electrode materials in electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy to electrical current, e.g., batteries. The invention additionally provides methods of manufacturing electrodes with the subfluorinated graphite fluorides, as well as primary and secondary batteries containing such electrodes.

A physiology enhancing device for improving physiological functions of a human body, etc., which comprises a heat generating element making use of chemical energy and a sheet interposed between the heat generating element and a body surface of a wearer, and which is designed to supply steam generated from the heat generating element while the device is applied to the body surface. The device exhibits steam generating capability for 2 hours or longer and, while applied to the body surface, raises the body surface temperature to a temperature from 38° C. to lower than 42° C. within one hour from the application. The sheet interposed between the heat generating element and the body surface preferably has a function of regulating air feed to the heat generating element and a function of transferring the heat of the physiology enhancing device to the body surface and preferably has a total thickness of 0.05 to 1.5 mm.

A missile, such as a cruise missile, has a nose payload portion having a frangible nose cover and a relatively hard target penetration nose cone. The nose cone may have a liquid fuel tank within, and a chemical energy explosive charge, such as a shaped charge, aft of the liquid fuel tank. The target penetration nose cone enables perforation of certain types of targets prior to detonation of the chemical energy explosive and the liquid fuel. The frangible nose cover is configured to be easily perforated or otherwise removed by the explosive force of the chemical energy explosive charge when the missile system is utilized for the attack of hard targets. The nose payload portion may have a fragmentation case, with one or more features designed to enhance fragmentation during detonation of the explosive and / or the liquid fuel.

The invention discloses a nickel hydroxide nanosheet thin-film material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nanometer thin-film materials and the technical field of chemical energy storage. Nickel hydroxide nanosheets vertically and sequentially grow on a foam nickel base, wherein the particle size of the nickel hydroxide nanosheets is 0.7-1.5 microns and the thickness is 5-9 nanometers. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: respectively placing foam nickel base sheets in hydrochloric acid, ionized water and ethanol for ultrasonic washing, dissolving soluble nickel salt and hexamine in deionized water to obtain clear solution, obliquely placing the foam nickel sheets in a reaction still, transferring the nickel salt and hexamine solution to the reaction still to carry out hydrothermal reaction, cooling to room temperature by using cooling water after the reaction, taking the foam nickel sheets out from the reaction still for cleaning via water and ethanol, and placing the products in a dryer until the products are dried. The integrated product has large capacitance value (range: 1500-3000F / g or 5-12F / cm<2>), can be well kept under high-current density and has good cycle performance, so that the integrated product is a super capacitor material with huge application prospect.

The invention relates to a sulfur composite cathode material and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the field of chemical energy storage batteries. The sulfur composite cathode material is composed of graphene, elemental sulfur and a carbon nanotube. The invention also provides a preparation method of the sulfur composite cathode material, which comprises the following steps: after carrying out mixed ball-milling on the sulfur and the carbon nanotube, heating the obtained object under the protection of inert gas so as to obtain a sulfur-carbon nanotube composite material; then, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on the sulfur-carbon nanotube composite material in an alcohol / water liquid phase system, and adding an oxidized graphene solution; and carrying out stirring, ultrasonic dispersing, stirred heating, filtering and drying on the obtained product so as to obtain the sulfur composite cathode material disclosed by the invention. The cathode material is good in cycle performance and discharge capacity, effectively improves the electrochemical electrical conductivity of sulfur, and improves the cycle performance of lithium sulfur batteries.

The invention discloses a communication method and system based on encryption transmission and wireless energy carrying, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communications. According to the communication method, manual additional noise is added into signals of a sending end BS, and on the premise of keeping the signal to noise ratio on a master user link, a beam forming technology is adopted according to the orthogonality of a channel and the manual noise, so that the signal to noise ratio on a wiretap link is reduced, encryption transmission speed of the system is increased, and safety of information transmission is promoted; a dynamic power distribution method based on slot time switching is adopted for an access end, by using slot time switching, a part of the signals are used for energy harvesting, and the other part of the signals are used for information interaction, so that energy and information are transmitted simultaneously, and a part of the signals received from a base station by a user are used for energy harvesting and are converted into chemical energy to be stored in a battery so as to meet the need for power of operation of user nodes. Meanwhile, aiming at the incomplete characteristic of actual channel information, a norm approximation lossy scheme is adopted, so that a system device possibly operates in a defective channel environment, and robustness of the system is improved.

An apparatus to produce high purity hydrogen and electricity is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a fuel cell configured to convert the chemical energy of a fuel to electricity and heat. An electrolyzer cell is placed in electrical and thermal communication with the fuel cell and is configured to electrolyze an oxygen-containing compound, such as steam or carbon dioxide, using the electricity and heat generated by the fuel cell. In selected embodiments, the fuel cell and electrolyzer cell are physically integrated into a single electrochemical cell stack.

The invention discloses a metal fiber-nanometer carbon fiber-carbon aerogel composite material and a preparation method and a use thereof, wherein, the material contains metal fiber, nanometer carbonfiber and carbon aerogel; a binding point of the metal fiber is sintered on a tri-dimensional net structure, the nanometer carbon fiber grows on the metal fiber, and the carbon aerogel is coated on the nanometer carbon fiber. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sintering the metal fiber net structure in a large area on a selected thin layer; allowing the nanometer carbon fiber togrow by catalyzing a selected chemical vapor phase deposition method of a carbon-containing compound under a specified condition; then coating a selected organic polymer on the nanometer carbon fiber, and carbonizing the polymer at a certain temperature to obtain the metal fiber-nanometer carbon fiber-carbon aerogel composite material. The material can be taken as an electrode material of a novelchemical power supply; and the material has a self-supporting integral structure without an organic polymer macromolecular binding agent, has a tri-dimensional layered hole structure which is beneficial to ion transmission and storage, and has high electrical conductivity, small internal resistance and good chemical energy storage performance.

The invention discloses a passivated lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material is prepared from a lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material and a passivated layer, wherein the lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material is prepared from a porous carbon material carrier and lithium metal which is at least distributed in holes of the porous carbon material carrier, and the passivated layer is at least used for stopping the lithium metal in the lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material from directly contacting the outside world. As the artificial passivated layer is formed on the particle surface of the lithium metal-carbon skeleton composite material, the phenomenon that lithium metal is corroded by electrolyte in a circulating process is effectively reduced, and lithium dendrites are prevented from forming; thus, the obtained passivated lithium metal-carbon skeleton composite material has the advantages of good circulating stability, high coulombic efficiency and the like in electrochemical circulation, can be widely applied to chemical energy storing devices of rechargeable lithium batteries, rechargeable lithium ion batteries and the like, can effectively improve coulombic efficiency, circulating stability and energy density of batteries.