227results about "Alkali/alkaline-earth/beryllium/magnesium hydrides" patented technology

Metal-N-based or metalloid-N-based materials absorb a substantial amount hydrogen and are useful as hydrogen storage materials for various applications such as hydrogen fuel cell technology.

The invention relates to materials for storing and releasing hydrogen and methods for preparing and using same. The materials exhibit fast release rates at low release temperatures and are suitable as fuel and/or hydrogen sources for a variety of applications such as automobile engines.

In one aspect, the invention relates to activated aluminum hydride hydrogen storage compositions containing aluminum hydride in the presence of, or absence of, hydrogen desorption stimulants. The invention particularly relates to such compositions having one or more hydrogen desorption stimulants selected from metal hydrides and metal aluminum hydrides. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods for generating hydrogen from such hydrogen storage compositions.

The present invention relates to the use of triborohydride salts as hydrogen storage materials. The present invention also relates to a system of using triborohydride salts to generate hydrogen gas for use in a fuel cell or other hydrogen-consuming device. A novel method of preparing triborohydride salts is also disclosed, wherein gaseous diborane is reacted with a carbonate suspended in a non-aqueous solvent in a suitable vessel with agitation. The process is typically carried out utilizing sodium carbonate to form sodium triborohydride. Other triborohydride salts can then be formed by cationic exchange. Hydrogen generating fuels according to the present invention include aqueous or hydroalcoholic solutions or slurries of a triborohydride salt, which may additionally contain a borohydride salt to provide operation over a broader temperature range.

Disclosed is a method for inducing desorption of hydrogen for a metal hydride by applying thereto sufficient energy to induce hydrogen desorption by endothermic reaction. The energy that is so-applied is non-thermal and selected from the group consisting of mechanical energy, ultrasonic energy, microwave energy, electric energy, chemical energy and radiation energy.

The invention provides compositions for reversible storage of hydrogen at industrially practicable temperature and pressure conditions. Hydrogen storage material systems comprising stable hydrides and destabilizing hydrides. When the stable hydride is in the presence of the destabilizing hydride, the stable hydride releases hydrogen at a lower energy level than it would in the absence of the destabilizing hydride.

Disclosed is a method for rapidly carrying out a hydrogenation of a material capable of absorbing hydrogen. It was discovered that when a powder of a material capable of absorbing hydrogen is ground under a hydrogen pressure, not at room temperature but at a higher temperature (about 300° C. in the case of magnesium) and in the presence of a hydrogenation activator such as graphite and optionally a catalyst, it is possible to transform completely the powder of this material into a hydride. Such a transformation is achieved in a period of time less than 1 hour whereas the known methods call for periods of time as much as 10 times longer. This is an unexpected result which gives rise to a considerable reduction in the cost of manufacture of an hydride, particularly MgH2.

The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage composition prepared in accordance with a method comprising: (a) combining (i) a metalliferous material selected from the group consisting of: (A) metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or an homogeneous or an inhomogeneous combination of at least two of a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or (B) a hydride of any of: a metal or a metalloid, or alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or an homogeneous or an inhomogeneous combination of a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, with ii) a liquid consisting essentially of any of: water, at least one alcohol, or a mixture of water and at least one alcohol, to form a first intermediate; and (b) milling the first intermediate for form an hydrogen transfer facilitator; (c) combining the hydrogen transfer facilitator with a second metalliferous material selected from the group consisting of: (A) a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or an homogeneous or inhomogeneous combination of at least two of a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or (B) a hydride of any of: a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, or an homogeneous or inhomogeneous combination of at least two of a metal or a metalloid, or an alloy thereof, or a compound thereof, such combining effecting sufficient contact between the hydrogen transfer facilitator and the second metalliferous material so that the hydrogen transfer facilitator is configured to effect absorption or desorption of hydrogen by the second metalliferous material.

In one aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, such composition comprises a hydride and a hydroxide. In a dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an oxide. The present invention also provides methods of producing hydrogen, including for mobile fuel cell device applications.

In one aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, such composition comprises an amide and a hydride. In a dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an imide.

[Problem] To provide a hydrogen storage material which decreases the hydrogen release start temperature and the hydrogen release peak temperature, and to provide a method for manufacturing thereof.

[Solution] Provided is a hydrogen storage material which contains: a mixture and a reaction product of lithium hydride and magnesium amide, wherein the lithium hydride and the magnesium amide are prepared by combining as the raw materials: one or more substance selected from the group consisting of an amide compound, an imide compound, and a nitride of magnesium, and an amide compound, an imide compound, and a nitride of lithium; and one or more substance selected from the group consisting of an amide compound, an imide compound, a nitride, a hydride, and a metal of magnesium, and an amide compound, an imide compound, a nitride, a hydride, and a metal of lithium, with the raw materials contains both magnesium and lithium metallic species.

The present invention provides a nano composite hydrogen storage material. It is a mixture obtained by mixing 90 wt%-99 wt% of magnesium hydride and 1 wt%-10 wt% of nano carbon. Its preparation method includes the following steps: mixing nano carbon into magnesium hydride according to the required ratio, under the atmosphere of argon gas or hydrogen gas mechanically ball-grinding for 30 min-100 hr, then making desorption; or ball-grinding magnesium hydride for 1-100 hr, then adding nano carbon and ball-grinding for 30 min-10 hr, then making desorption. Its hydrogen storage capacity is 4.5 wt%-6.7 wt%.

A composite hydrogen-bearing material used for the hydrogen fuel battery is prepared from Mg or magnesium hydride powder and the powdered oxide of transition metal through proportional mixing and high-energy ball grinding in H2 or Ar gas for 10-50 hr.

The invention provides a method of reversibly producing a source of hydrogen gas comprising mixing together a plurality of hydrogen-containing starting materials; and then heating the mixed materials at a temperature sufficient to release hydrogen. Upon release of hydrogen, there is formed a residue which comprises at least one material different from the starting materials. There is also synergy whereby it is possible to regenerate at least one of the hydrogen-containing starting materials by exposing hydrogen gas to the aforesaid residue.

A hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material is a combination of LiBH₄ with MH_x, wherein greater than about 50% of M comprises Al.

To produce high-pressure hydrogen, water and a hydrogen-generating material (MgH2) which reacts with water to generate hydrogen are weighed so that a target high hydrogen pressure is generated in a high-pressure container. Then, the hydrogen-generating material is introduced into the high-pressure container through its supply port, and water is introduced into the high-pressure container through the supply port. Thereafter, the supply port is closed, thereby causing a reaction between the hydrogen-generating material and the water, so that the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure container reaches a target high hydrogen pressure.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a system for methods of producing and releasing hydrogen from hydrogen storage compositions having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, such a composition comprises a hydride and a hydroxide. In a dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an oxide. A first reaction is conducted between a portion of the hydride and water to generate heat sufficient to cause a second hydrogen production reaction between a remaining portion of the hydride and the hydroxide.

The invention relates to a graphene-metal or semimetal shell-core structure composite material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps that obtained modified graphene oxide is taken as a base to be concentrated and dried by evaporation, and then organic solvent displacement is conducted to obtain an organic solution of the modified graphene oxide; the surface of metal or semimetal is coated with the modified graphene oxide through a liquid-phase self-assembly method to form a graphene-metal or semimetal coating solution; after filtering and drying are conducted, the graphene-metal or semimetal shell-core composite material is obtained. According to the method, a conventional organic matter and inorganic matter coating process is improved, the influences of the water solvent and high temperature on the activity of some metals and semimetals with the high reaction activity are reduced, process realization of a coating method is expanded, and application barriers of the graphene and the active metal or semimetal in an energy-containing material are solved.

The invention relates to a safe hydrogen-storing tank that is easy to manufacture and enables the quick kinetic absorption of hydrogen, which reduces the variations in volume and has a low cost in terms of material and energy. The invention has the aim of providing a tank for storing hydrogen, including a hydrogen inlet (21) and a hydrogen outlet (22) in fluid communication with at least one solid body (10-11) capable of the exothermal absorption and endothermal desorption of hydrogen, wherein said at least one solid body (10-11) is made of a compacted material containing light metal hydride and a heat-conducting matrix, and wherein said at least one solid body (10-11) is in heat-transfer relation with at least one heat recovery material (42) free from salt or molten-salt compounds and capable of absorbing the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption and of releasing said absorbed heat so as to provide heat for hydrogen desorption.