716results about How to "Shorten the diffusion distance" patented technology

Disclosed in the invention are a silicon-carbon composite anode material for lithium ion batteries and a preparation method thereof The material consists of a porous silicon substrate and a carbon coating layer. The preparation method of the material comprises preparing a porous silicon substrate and a carbon coating layer. The silicon-carbon composite anode material for lithium ion batteries has the advantages of high reversible capacity, good cycle performance and good rate performance. The material respectively shows reversible capacities of 1,556 mAh, 1,290 mAh, 877 mAh and 474 mAh / g at 0.2 C, 1 C, 4 C and 15 C rates; the specific capacity remains above 1,500 mAh after 40 cycles at the rate of 0.2 C and the reversible capacity retention rate is up to 90 percent.

The invention relates to the field of negative electrode materials of lithium ion batteries, and specifically to a nanometer lithium titanate / graphene composite negative electrode material and a preparation process thereof. According to the invention, micron-sized lithium titanate prepared by the solid phase method is subjected to ultrafine ball milling to obtain nanometer powder, and the nanometer lithium titanate powder and graphene are uniformly compounded and subjected to heat treatment so as to obtain a high performance lithium ion battery negative electrode material; the invention is characterized in that uniform distribution of graphene in the nanometer lithium titanate powder is realized through in situ compounding; the weight of graphene in the composite negative electrode material accounts for 0.5 to 20%, and the weight of lithium titanate accounts for 80 to 99.5%. The lithium ion battery negative electrode material has good electrochemical performance, 1C capacity greater than 165 mAh / g, 30C capacity greater than 120 mAh / g and 50C capacity greater than 90 mAh / g. Nanometer lithium titanate in the lithium ion battery negative electrode material prepared in the invention has high phase purity; the preparation process of the material is simple and is easy for industrial production.

A three-dimensional battery can include a three-dimensional porous carbon foam base and an anode current collector bonded to and in electrical communication with a first region of the base. The three-dimensional battery can also include an electrolyte layer disposed over the three-dimensional porous carbon foam base and a cathode current collector bonded to and in electrical communication with a second region of the three-dimensional porous carbon foam base.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium-ion cathode material, in particular to silicon cathode material coated with graphene and a preparation method of the silicon cathode material coated with the grapheme. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A, preparing oxidized graphene suspension liquid; B, preparing nanometer silicon particle suspension liquid; and C, preparing silicon cathode material coated with grapheme. The preparation method adopts the electrostatic self-assembly synthetic technology and is wide in source of raw material, low in price, simple in synthetic method, easy for control of process conditions, strong in operability and good in repeatability. The silicon cathode material coated with grapheme is high in specific capacity and good in cycle performance and rate capability, wherein the specific discharge capacity for the first time under the electric current density of 0.01-1.2V, 200mA / g can reach 2746mAh / g, and the specific discharge capacity after 100 times of cycles can maintain 803.8mAh / g.

Integrated Combustion Reactors (ICRS) and methods of making ICRs are described in which combustion chambers (or channels) are in direct thermal contact to reaction chambers for an endothermic reaction. Particular reactor designs are also described. Processes of conducting reactions in integrated combustion reactors are described and results presented. Some of these processes are characterized by unexpected and superior results, and / or results that can not be achieved with any prior art devices.

The invention relates to an application of a porous carbon material with a grading pore structure in a lithium-air cell anode, and is characterized in that the carbon material has mutually communicated grading pore structure distribution which has a mesoporous structure for depositing the discharge products and a macroporous structure suitable for transmission of oxygen and an electrolyte. When the carbon material is taken as a material of the lithium-air cell anode, the space utilization rate of carbon material can be increased at maximum limitation during a charge and discharge process, specific discharge capacity, voltage platform and multiplying power discharge capability of the cell can be effectively increased, so that the energy density and power density of the lithium-air cell can be increased. The porous carbon material has the advantages that the preparation technology is simple, the material source is wide, the grading pore carbon material pore structure enables regulation and control, the regulation and control modes are various, and the doping of metal / metal oxide can be easily and simultaneously realized.

The invention discloses a process and equipment for preparing a nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material. The process comprises the following steps of: mixing reinforcing nanoparticles with matrix metals and a grain growth inhibitor in a stirring ball mill together, and then loading the mixture into a steel pipe; casting the mixture together with the matrix metals in a water cooling crystallizer or casting and forming the mixture together with a molten metal in a casting mould; and performing quick solidification and crystallization after electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration to ensure that the two phase materials achieve complete metallurgical bonding, wherein because of the electromagnetic stirring and the ultrasonic vibration, the two phase materials are mixed more uniformly, and all properties of the composite material can be further improved. by using the process and the equipment, a production process is simple, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, the product performance is high, the process is easy to control, the external dimensions of products are not limited by the process, and large-sized nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite materials can be manufactured.

The invention discloses a film for a graphene / porous nickel oxide composite super capacitor. The invention is characterized in that the film is of a disordered nano porous structure, the aperture range is 10 to 350nm, the thickness of the film is 1 to 5 mu m, and the weight ratio of graphene to nickel oxide is (0.5:100) to (2:100). The method for preparing the film comprises the following steps: dissolving graphite oxide sheets and magnesium nitrate into an isopropanol solution so as to form a positively-charged graphite oxide sheet sol, then carrying out electrophoretic deposition on the obtained sol so as to obtain a graphene film; and through taking the graphene film as a deposition carrier, preparing a three-dimensional porous film for the graphene / porous nickel oxide composite super capacitor by using a chemical bath film-coating method. The porous composite thin film prepared by the method has the advantages of good mechanical capacity and super-capacitance property, high-discharge specific capacitance, high-ratio charge-discharge properties, high cycle life and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields such as electric automobiles, communication, consumer electronics, signal control and the like.

A preparation method of a flaky nanoholes carbon and carbon nanotube composite belongs to the technical field of new materials. The flaky nanoholes carbon and carbon nanotube composite is obtained based on intercalation growth of a metal-organic framework compound in two-dimensional nanoholes of a lamellar inorganic template, confinement carbonization and template removal by acid corrosion. The method is simple and reliable, the large-scale production of two-dimensional nanoholes carbon flake material and one-dimensional carbon nanotube composite is easy to implement. The obtained nanoholes carbon flake and carbon nanotube composite has highly controllable chemical composition and pore structure height and has a promising application prospect in the catalysis field, the energy storage and conversion field and other fields.

The invention discloses an SAPO molecular sieve, which has single crystals in sheet structure. The SAPO molecular sieve has moderate pore size, and can be used as a catalyst with long service life for olefin preparation from methanol. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the SAPO molecular sieve. The method us as below: activating a raw material of layered aluminosilicate, mixing the raw material with an phosphorus source and water, and homogenizing to obtain a wet masterbatch; drying and grinding the wet masterbatch to obtain a dry powder; and finally distilling the dry powder for crystallization, so as to obtain a raw powder for sheet SAPO molecular sieve. The method requires addition of a template agent, realizes low cost synthesis of SAPO molecular sieve and high additional value utilization of natural layered aluminosilicate, accelerates the rate of diffusion of various substances in the channels of the molecular sieve, increases the diffusion efficiency, and the advanategs of low equipment investment, simple operation and environment-friendliness.

This invention discloses a method for synthesizing multi-level porous ZSM-5 zeolite. The method comprises: soaking monolithic silica gel column in sucrose solution, drying, polymerizing, carbonizing to obtain C-Si composite, wetting the C-Si composite with a mixed solution of Al source, inorganic alkali, organic amine and water, crystallizing, and recovering the product. The obtained ZSM-5 zeolite has multi-level pores, including micrometer-scale macropores, mesopores and micropores. The macropores can shorten the diffusion distances of reactive molecules, reduce the pressure decrease of the equipment, raise the unit processing capacity of the equipment, and make the adjustment and control of the product selectivity easier. The mesopores can provide large inner specific surface area, which is meaningful to the catalytic reaction of macromolecules.

The invention discloses a positive pole material of a lithium ion battery with a nanometer structure and a preparation method thereof. The positive pole material is in a particle type core-shell structure, a core material consists of nanometer lithium iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate or cobalt lithium oxide and graphene, and a shell material is porous carbon. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: taking lithium acetate, lithium oxalate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonia metavanadate, phosphoric acid, lithium nitrate, cobalt nitrate and graphite oxide as raw materials, adopting a sol-gel method or a ball milling method to prepare a mixture, presintering the mixture in vacuum to obtain the core material, and mixing, grinding and calcining the core material with an organic carbon source to obtain the positive pole material with the particle type core-shell structure. The positive pole material has the advantages of good conductivity, good circulating performance, high capacity, small and uniform particle size, and simple preparation process and is easy for industrialized production.

Disclosed herewith is a microchip having a micromixer therein. The mixromixer employs a mixing or extracting structure having (1) a first flow pass provided at a first level of the microchip; (2) a second flow pass provided at a second level of the microchip, which is different from the first level; (3) a third flow pass having a plurality of sub flow passes separately layered at the first level and each having a first end and second end thereof, each sub flow pass being connected to one of the first and second flow passes at the first end thereof; and (4) a fourth flow pass, provided at the first level, connected to the second ends of the sub flow passes so that, at least connecting portions between the fourth flow pass and the sub flow passes of the third flow pass, an extending direction of the fourth flow pass is substantially identical to those of the sub flow passes. By allowing the first liquid to flow from the first flow pass to the fourth flow pass through the third flow pass while the second liquid to flow from the second flow pass to the fourth flow pass through the third flow pass, the first and second liquids are mixed at the fourth flow pass.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a flaky nanometer FeS2 / C negative electrode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving an iron source and an organicligand into a solvent I, and stirring uniformly to obtain a homogeneous solution; (2) performing a hydrothermal reaction on the homogeneous solution obtained in the step (1), naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing, depositing and drying to obtain yellow or red powder; (3) dispersing the yellow or red powder obtained in the step (2) and a sulfur source compound in a solvent II in the mass ratio of 1:(3 to 4), performing a hydrothermal reaction on mixed solution, natural cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing, precipitating and drying to obtain black powder; and (4)calcining the black powder obtained in the step (3) in a protective atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the flaky nanometer FeS2 / C negative electrode material. The obtained flaky nanometer FeS2 / C negative electrode material is uniform in shape and size. A carbon material can be effectively compounded with ferrous sulfide, so that the ionic conductivity and electronic conductivityof the material are increased. The two-dimensional structure has the characteristics of shorter diffusion distance of lithium ions, high transmission rate, high specific surface area, high conductivity, high ion transmission speed and the like.

The invention discloses a nitrogen-doped porous carbon sphere and cobaltous oxide nano-composite anode material based on chitosan and derivatives thereof and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the fields of electrochemistry and new energy resource materials. According to the nitrogen-doped porous carbon sphere and cobaltous oxide nano-composite anode material based on the chitosan and the derivatives thereof and the preparation method thereof, firstly the chitosan and the derivatives thereof are taken as carbon source and nitrogen source precursors, a hard template carbonization method is adopted to prepare nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres; then a mild hydrothermal method is adopted to load cobaltous oxide nano particles to the nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres, and then the nitrogen-doped porous carbon sphere and cobaltous oxide nano-composite material is obtained. The material synthesizes the structural features of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres and the small-size effect advantages of the cobaltous oxide nano particles, and due to the expression of the synergistic effect of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres and the cobaltous oxide nano particles, the prepared material shows higher reversible specific capacity, better cycling stability and more excellent large rate discharge performance than a commercial graphite material when used as a lithium ion battery anode material. The method is strong in operability, preparation conditions are mild, the requirement for equipment is not rigorous, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production; the nitrogen-doped porous carbon sphere and cobaltous oxide nano-composite material prepared by the method has potential application value in electrochemistry fields including lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors and the like.

A method for preparing a vanadium pentoxide cathode nano-material of a lithium-ion battery comprises the following steps of: adding vanadium oxide to hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5-15%, stirring until vanadium oxide is completely dissolved to generate red peroxy-vanadic acid (HVO4) solution, continuing stirring at the room temperature for 1-6 h, and then heating the mixed solution until the temperature reaches 40-90 DEG C, and drying to form gel; and sintering the gel in air by increasing the temperature to 250-500 DEG C, thereby obtaining the vanadium pentoxide nano-material, wherein the quantity of addition of vanadium oxide is determined as 0.01-0.05 g per one milliliter according to the volume of the hydrogen peroxide solution. The process method provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate; the prepared vanadium pentoxide cathode nano-material is good in cycle performance and long in service life; and the preparation method is simple in equipment required, moderate in reaction condition, short in time taken, friendly to environment, and low in production cost, thereby being suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The invention provides a loose blasting gas extraction method of a horizontal branch well of a coal seam floor. The method sequentially comprises the following steps of selecting a coal reservoir with a gas content of more than 8m3 / t and a solid coefficient f of less than 0.5; selecting 1-2 m coal seam floor as a layer of a main horizontal well and a branch horizontal well; determining positions of a ground well mouth and a deflection point according to the layer of the main horizontal well section; using a trisected structure as a well body structure and using open hole wells as the main horizontal well and the branch horizontal well; constructing the main horizontal well and the branch horizontal well in a selected floor rock layer; placing explosive points on the branch horizontal well section, wherein the explosive points are connected with each other by lines; and detonating all explosives through the ground; and mounting gas extraction equipment to extract the gas on the ground, wherein the gas can also be extracted at a negative pressure in a coal mining stage so that the well has multiple purposes. By using the method, the gas can be extracted on a soft coal ground to eliminate outburst and furthest reduce gas outburst disasters, and the gas (coal bed gas) resources can also be developed.

The invention discloses a magnesium hydride nanometer granular material and the preparing method and application, wherein nanometer magnesium powder is prepared through adopting arc heating method and then the magnesium powder is hydrogenated to obtain MgH2 granular product with the grain diameter being 50 nm to 600 nm. The nanometer MgH2 grain possesses high purity and outstanding kinetics property of hydrogen absorption and desorption during being used as hydrogen storage material, thereby possessing extremely important application value and extensive application potential in the hydrogen storage technical field.

The present invention is related to compositions comprising decellularized cartilage tissue powder in the forms of paste, putty, hydrogel, and scaffolds, methods of making compositions, and methods of using these compositions for treating osteochondral defects and full- or partial-thickness cartilage defects.

The invention discloses a ternary precursor with a controllable crystal structure, a positive electrode material and a preparation method of the positive electrode material. Specifically, a nickel-cobalt-manganese soluble salt, NaOH, concentrated ammonia water and a surfactant for oriented growth are separately formulated into solutions and then subjected to a coprecipitation reaction to obtain aternary precursor of an oriented grow structure; the precursor is mixed with a lithium source and then calcined at high temperature to obtain a ternary layered positive electrode material of an oriented grow precursor-like structure. The positive electrode material the crystal structure of which grows in a [003] direction is obtained by regulating the growth of the precursor, so that the order degree of internal structure growth is increased, the stability of internal structure growth is improved, cation mixing and Li+ diffusion resistance are reduced, and the Li+ diffusion coefficient is increased. The ternary precursor with the crystal structure controllable, the positive electrode material and the preparation method of the positive electrode material are applicable to lithium-ion powerbatteries. Compared with existing products, the ternary precursor and the positive electrode material have the advantages that the rate performance and cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries are significantly improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of display, and discloses a low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor, a manufacturing method thereof and a display device. The manufacturing method of the low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor comprises the steps that a polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed on a substrate, and is subjected to patterning processing to form an active layer; a grid insulating layer is formed on the active layer, and the grid insulating layer and the active layer are subjected to hydrogen treating. According to the technical scheme, after the grid insulating layer is manufactured, the grid insulating layer and the active layer are directly subjected to hydrogen treating, hydrogen just needs to penetrate through the grid insulating layer and reach an interface of the grid insulating layer and the active layer to carry out passivation on a dangling bond and overcome the crystal boundary defect of the active layer, hydrogen diffusion distance is greatly shortened, time of the hydrogenation process is reduced, and technical cost of the thin film transistor is greatly lowered.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped graphene / nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube / zinc cobaltite composite material. The method comprises the following specific steps: (a) adding potassium permanganate, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide to graphene oxide, and carrying out a stirring reaction to obtain porous graphene; (b) dialyzing the porous graphene for 8-12 days, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, then adding a carbon nanotube, carrying out ultrasonic mixing and carrying out suction filtration to form a film; (c) drying the film, and then adding ammonium hydroxide for reaction for 24 hours; (d) adding zinc nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea, ammonium fluoride, absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water for reaction for 4 hours; and (e) transferring a mixture to a tube furnace, and sintering the mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours, so as to obtain the composite material. The composite material has relatively good flexibility; the electrochemical properties are barely changed after the composite material is bent into various angles; the specific capacitance value of the composite material can be up to 1802F / g; compared with relatively simple graphene, the carbon nanotube and most of composite materials of the graphene and the carbon nanotube, the composite material provided in the invention are significantly improved.

The invention relates to a nickel-based positive electrode material, and a preparation method thereof and a battery. The composition of the nickel-based positive electrode material is LiaNibCocMndMeM'fO2-g / 2Fg (M is at least one selected from Ti, Zr, Al, Fe, Cr, Si, and Cu; M' is at least one selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and W; a is no smaller than 0.95 and no greater than 1.2; b is no smaller than 0.2 and no greater than 0.9; c is no smaller than 0 and no greater than 0.4; d is no smaller than 0 and no greater than 0.4; e+f is greater than 0.05and no greater than 0.2; and g is greater than 0.02 and no greater than 0. 1). Anions and cations are used in co-doping. With a synergistic effect, nickel-based positive electrode material capacity, structural stability and circulation performance are greatly improved. The preparation method at least comprises the 4 steps that: (1) corresponding raw materials are weighed according to the molar ratio consistent with LiaNibCocMndMeM'fO2-g / 2Fg; (2) the raw materials are subjected to wet grinding; (3) slurry obtained by grinding is dried; and (4) the dried material is subjected to solid-phase synthesis under a temperature of 500-1100 DEG C. With the process, the raw materials can be more uniformly dispersed, and the obtained product has the advantages of high capacity and good circulation performance. The process is simple, and has the advantages of low cost and suitability for large-scale industrialized productions. With the process, problems such as complicated process and acid and alkali pollution of a wet chemical precursor preparation method are avoided. The invention also relates to a battery with the material as an active substance.

Integrated Combustion Reactors (ICRs) and methods of making ICRs are described in which combustion chambers (or channels) are in direct thermal contact to reaction chambers for an endothermic reaction. Superior results were achieved for combustion chambers which contained a gap for flee flow through the chamber. Particular reactor designs are also described. Processes of conducting reactions in integrated combustion reactors are described and results presented. Some of these processes are characterized by unexpected and superior results.

The invention discloses a composite material with hollow graphene spheres loaded with nanometer tin disulfide. The composite material is characterized in that the hollow graphene spheres with sub-micron sizes are used as carriers, tin disulfide nanometer particles are loaded on the inner walls and the outer walls of the hollow graphene spheres, and the sizes of the tin disulfide nanometer particles grown on the surfaces of the hollow graphene spheres range from 10 nm to 40 nm. A method for preparing the composite material includes steps of a, synthesizing cationic polystyrene spheres; b, synthesizing the hollow graphene spheres; c, loading the tin disulfide to obtain the composite material with the hollow graphene spheres loaded with the nanometer tin disulfide. The composite material and the method have the advantages that the composite material is a carbon material with a two-dimensional structure, the tin disulfide with an expanded volume can be accommodated in charging and discharging procedures, and the electric conductivity and the structural stability of electrode materials can be improved; the electric conductivity and the ion transport performance of the materials can be improved by porous graphene structures, and the composite material is favorable for embedding lithium ions in the materials and releasing the lithium ions from the materials.

The invention discloses a SSZ-13 molecular sieve having micropore-mesopore multi-level pore channel structure, a synthesis method and applications thereof. The synthesis method selects a long-chain double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant as a crystallization synthesis aid, and specially comprises: gelation and aging, crystallization, washing, template agent removing and activating, ion exchange and activation, and other steps so as to obtain the micropore-mesopore ordered-distribution high-crystallinity multi-level pore SSZ-13 molecular sieve. According to the present invention, the obtained molecular sieve has two sizes such as the mesopore pore size distribution of 2-5 nm and the mesopore pore size distribution of 5-15 nm, wherein the micro-pore volume is more than 0.20 cm<3> / g, the mesopore volume is more than 0.35 cm<3> / g, the specific surface area is more than 400 m<2> / g, and the yield of the crystallized product can achieve more than 85%; and the SSZ-13 molecular sieve has the advantages of the micropore zeolite, the macromolecule diffusion and the other advantages of the mesopore middle-macromolecules, and has wide application prospects in the fields of MTO reactions, tail gas catalytic reduction (SCR) reactions, and the like.

The invention discloses an electrochromic material which is a porous film compounded through nickel oxide and 3, 4-ethylene dioxygen thiofuran, wherein the composite film has a random porous structure; the range of aperture is between 10 and 250 nm; and the thickness of the film is between 200 and 500 nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 3, 4- ethylene dioxygen thiofuran is used as a monomer; the porous nickel oxide is used as a conductive template; lithium perchlorate is added into an acetonitrile solution and is used as a supporting electrolyte to prepare the nickel oxide / poly3, 4-ethylene dioxygen thiofuran composite porous electrochromic film through an electrochemical cyclic voltammetry sedimentation method. The prepared electrochromic material has good mechanical performance and electrochromic performance, shows multiple electrochromism and rapid discoloring effect, can be assembled to a transmission-type or reflection-type full solid electrochromic device, and has wide application prospect in information storage recording, architectural glass smart window, large screen display, infrared stealth and other fields.

The invention relates to a porous carbon microsphere prepared by utilizing an emulsion aggregation method. The porous carbon microsphere is simultaneously provided with a microporous structure, a mesoporous structure and a macroporous structure. When the porous carbon microsphere is applied to the lithium ion battery negative electrode material, the macroporous structure is used for providing a fast migration passage for electrolyte, the mesoporous structure is identical to size of ion in the organic electrolyte, so that the rapid adsorption and desorption of the ion can be favored; the microporous structure favors the insertion of lithium ions, so that a lithium ion secondary battery has high specific capacitance and good high-power charging-discharging performance.

The invention relates a preparation method of an electrochromic film having a photonic crystal structure. The preparation method solves the problem that the existing electrochromic material has irreversibility so that material reflectivity is not improved and solar absorptance is not reduced. The preparation method of the electrochromic film having a photonic crystal structure comprises the following steps of 1, base material surface treatment, 2, colloidal solution preparation, 3, film-type colloidal crystal template preparation, 4, solution preparation, 5, electrode preparation and 6, film electrochemical preparation. A polyaniline photonic crystal film having an inverse opal structure and prepared by the preparation method has excellent electrochromism response performances. The preparation method can be used for the field of preparation and production of the electrochromic film having a photonic crystal structure.