69 results about "Diffusion resistance" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a plastic regeneration particle cleaning sewage treatment method and device.The method comprises the steps that the bubble volume stability of air-dissolved water is obtained through ray intensity data, and the floccule movement disorder of a target ultrasonic sensor at each detection moment is determined in combination with ultrasonic data; according to the flocculent response time interval of the flocculent detection moment when the adjacent ultrasonic sensor detects the floccules for the first time, the bubble horizontal diffusion obstruction of the target ultrasonic sensor is determined; determining the bubble volume damage rate of the target ultrasonic sensor at each flocculent detection moment according to the movement disorder of the floccules and the horizontal diffusion obstruction of the bubbles; the ultrasonic intensity rising obstruction is obtained by utilizing the ultrasonic data, and the scum layer formation stability of the target ultrasonic sensor is determined by combining the bubble volume damage rate; the scum layer is used for forming stability to adjust the diameter of bubbles in the air-dissolved water. According to the technical scheme, the sewage treatment effect and the sewage purification efficiency are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of dry pulverized coal gasifiers, and discloses an experimental method for CaO to catalyze high-temperature coke high-pressure gasification reaction under different atmospheres, which comprises the following specific steps: step 1, preparing experimental raw materials and pretreating to select representative coal types; the diffusion environment of the industrial gasifier is simulated by establishing a cooperative regulation and control mechanism of pressure, gas velocity and pore structure, the thickness of a boundary layer is calculated according to the Fick diffusion law, a diffusion resistance quantitative relational expression is constructed for dynamic correction, and a variable diffusion strength experimental group is designed to quantify diffusion contribution. The diffusion and reaction rate ratio is quantitatively evaluated through a Weber number model, a catalysis and blank control synchronous experiment is carried out at the same time, a catalysis efficiency factor is calculated, a catalysis-diffusion synergistic phase diagram is drawn, and a reaction control region, a diffusion control region and a transition region are definitely defined; and the risk that the reaction stagnation caused by the fact that the high-pressure diffusion retardation effect is misjudged as catalytic activity attenuation or pore collapse is mistakenly attributed to catalyst deactivation is eliminated.

The invention provides bionic fractal micro-channel reactor equipment for fluid fuel hydrogen production, which is particularly suitable for marine mobile hydrogen production scenes such as a ship power system and an offshore hydrogen refueling station. The microreactor adopts an upper, middle and lower layer functional structure design, and comprises a diversion diffusion area, a chemical reaction area and a product buffer collection area, the diversion diffusion area and the product buffer collection area are fractal tree-shaped microchannels with optimal continuous length ratio and mass diffusion flux, and the diffusion resistance of reactants can be remarkably reduced. By virtue of the characteristics of compact structure, vibration resistance and easiness in integration of the fractal microchannel, uniform distribution and efficient transportation of reactants are realized, heat and mass transfer performance can be enhanced under harsh working conditions of the ocean, and hydrogen production efficiency and system reliability are improved by combining efficient heat source supply and fuel conversion processes; and the requirements of an ocean mobile platform on efficient, compact and stable hydrogen production equipment are met.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of rocket engines. It relates to a monopropellant liquid propellant rocket engine, which includes a combustion chamber and a thrust chamber provided at one end of the combustion chamber. A catalytic zone is provided in the combustion chamber, and a propellant distributor connected to the propellant supply system is provided at the end of the combustion chamber away from the thrust chamber. A fragmentation and evaporation zone, a saturated steam zone, and an adsorption zone are successively provided between the propellant distributor and the catalytic zone; the saturated steam zone is used for pressure stabilization to balance the change in propellant flow rate caused by the pressure fluctuation of the propellant supply system; an adsorbent and a catalyst are provided in the adsorption zone. By increasing the resistance of the propellant from atomization / evaporation to entering the catalytic region, the fluctuation of the propellant concentration entering the surface of the catalyst is reduced. In addition, the specific surface area of the catalyst is larger than that of the adsorbent. The adsorption zone is used to increase the internal diffusion resistance of the propellant on the surface of the adsorbent during the catalytic combustion process, reduce its external diffusion resistance, improve the adsorption rate, and achieve the rapid release and adsorption of the propellant.

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment intelligent control, and discloses a biochar adsorption capacity dynamics simulation and prediction system, which comprises a data acquisition module, an Arrhenius equation is utilized to introduce a temperature correction coefficient to carry out thermodynamic compensation on an adsorption dynamics constant; the flow state recognition module judges a forward adsorption or reverse desorption working condition based on a Langmuir model; the resistance decoupling module is used for calculating a mass transfer Biot number based on a double-membrane theory so as to distinguish diffusion resistance in a liquid membrane and particles, and distinguishing physical blockage and chemical saturation by utilizing a physical blockage index; the lag compensation module introduces a lag correction factor to correct the desorption equilibrium concentration, and calculates the recovery adsorption capacity during the reverse desorption period; and the life prediction module corrects the theoretical residual capacity by using the dynamic utilization rate coefficient and generates an operation and maintenance instruction. According to the invention, through resistance decoupling and lag compensation mechanisms, physical and chemical attenuation mechanisms are effectively distinguished, and accurate prediction of the adsorption penetration time under the dynamic working condition is realized.

This invention discloses a method for hydrotreating catalytic cracking slurry. A fixed-bed hydrotreating process is employed, comprising: in the presence of hydrogen, the catalytic cracking slurry sequentially contacts a hydrotreating protectant, a hydrotreating transition catalyst, and a hydrodesulfurization catalyst to undergo a hydrotreating reaction, yielding hydrotreated oil. The hydrotreating protectant comprises an alumina support with a most probable pore size of 40–100 nm, molybdenum oxide, and cobalt oxide. The hydrotreating transition catalyst comprises an alumina support containing additives and MoO3 and CoO. The support has a bimodal pore size distribution, with smaller pores concentrated in the 10–40 nm range and larger pores concentrated in the 150–400 nm range. This method eliminates the diffusion resistance during the adsorption and reaction of large molecules on the catalyst surface during the hydrotreating of catalytic cracking slurry, increases the capacity for more deposits such as coke, extends the operating cycle of the unit, and facilitates hydrodesulfurization and other reactions. It also increases the content of tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatics in the hydrotreated oil, making it a high-quality feedstock for needle coke production.

The protective transportation device for the medical radiopharmaceuticals comprises a protective barrel, a protective cover and a plurality of adsorption assemblies arranged in the protective barrel, storage grooves are formed among the adsorption assemblies, the adsorption assemblies are distributed in the circumferential direction of an inner cavity of the protective barrel at equal angles, and the radial sections of the adsorption assemblies are each of a 90-degree fan-shaped structure; each adsorption assembly comprises a plurality of splicing frames, every two adjacent splicing frames are tightly attached, circulating holes are formed in the circumferential outer walls of the splicing frames, the multiple adsorption assemblies distributed in the circumferential direction at equal angles are arranged in the protection barrel, the radial section of each adsorption assembly is of a 90-degree fan-shaped structure, and the multiple adsorption assemblies are formed by stacking the multiple splicing frames; the circulation holes of the adjacent splicing frames are formed in a staggered mode to form a continuous snake-shaped airflow channel, the structure remarkably prolongs the escape path of radioactive gas, the gas is forced to undergo multiple times of steering and diffusion resistance when passing through the multiple adsorption layers, and therefore the leakage risk is effectively reduced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of catalyst carriers, and particularly relates to an alumina carrier as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The specific surface area of the alumina carrier is 250m / g-470m / g, the pore volume of the alumina carrier is 1.0 mL / g-3. 3mL / g, the content of pores with the pore diameter larger than 100nm in the alumina carrier is larger than or equal to 15%, and the strength of the alumina carrier is larger than 5N / mm. The alumina carrier has the beneficial effects that the pore volume ratio of macropores of the alumina carrier reaches 15% or above, so that the in-particle diffusion limitation of the catalyst is effectively relieved, and the alumina carrier is particularly suitable for treating high-diffusion resistance systems such as macromolecules, heavy oil, asphaltene and coal tar; according to the present invention, the pore structure of the alumina carrier has strong adjustability, and by matching the type and the amount of the demulsifier with the auxiliary pore-enlarging agent, the 200-3500 nm macropore regulation can be flexibly achieved so as to meet different hydrogenation reaction requirements; the alumina carrier provided by the invention is high in mechanical strength, even though the pore volume is large and diffusion macropores are rich, the prepared alumina carrier still has the single grain strength of greater than or equal to 5N / mm, and meets the requirements of an industrial fixed bed hydrogenation device.

To prevent the influence of the dynamic pressure of gas to be measured on a pump cell.SOLUTION: A sensor element is to detect the concentration of specific gas in gas to be measured and comprises a diffusion rate determination unit that applies diffusion resistance to the gas to be measured introduced from a gas introduction port. The diffusion rate determination unit has a first space part 85a that allows the gas to be measured to pass through in a fore-and-aft direction. The shape of a cross section orthogonal to the fore-and-aft direction in at least part of the first space part 85a in the fore-and-aft direction is a predetermined shape with a longer outer periphery than a reference rectangle S1. The reference rectangle S1 is a rectangle having the same area as the cross section of the first space part 85a and is obtained by deforming a circumscribed rectangle R of the cross section formed of two sides parallel in the vertical direction and two sides parallel in the transverse direction orthogonal to the vertical direction, so as to reduce the length of the short sides while maintaining the length of the long sides.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

The application relates to a gas detection device and a gas concentration detection method. The gas detection device comprises a micro-detection chamber, a power source, an air outlet, a gas diffusion resistance element, and a working electrode. The volume of the micro-detection chamber is fixed, and the micro-detection chamber is provided with an air inlet. The power source is connected with the micro-detection chamber. The air outlet is connected with the power source. The gas diffusion resistance element is arranged in the micro-detection chamber. The working electrode is connected with the gas diffusion resistance element, and the working electrode is provided with a catalytic material. The working electrode is used for detecting a response value of a to-be-detected gas concentration and / or consuming the to-be-detected gas. The gas detection device has a small volume and a simple structural design. When the gas concentration is detected, a small amount of gas is required. According to specific experimental requirements, the gas detection device with different structural features can be used for measuring a single gas concentration or a mixed gas concentration.

The invention discloses a magnetron sputtering target material and a manufacturing method thereof. The magnetron sputtering target material comprises 0-49 at% of Ni, 1-30 at% of Ti, 1-5 at% of W and the balance Mo and inevitable impurities. According to the present invention, a high-density and high-purity Mo alloy sputtering target can be stably produced at low cost, and a wiring thin film having low resistance, excellent heat resistance, moisture resistance, oxidation resistance, and excellent diffusion resistance can be provided.

The invention provides a catalytic cracking aid for increasing the yield of propylene as well as a preparation method and application of the catalytic cracking aid. The main active ingredient of the catalytic cracking aid for increasing the yield of propylene is a ZSM-5 molecular sieve; the volume of pores with the pore diameter of 3-20nm on the catalytic cracking aid for increasing the yield of propylene is greater than 0.2 cm < 3 > / g; the pore diameter is in multimodal distribution, and at least one most probable pore diameter is formed between 3 nm and 10 nm. The preparation method of the catalytic cracking aid for increasing the yield of propylene comprises the step of carrying out multi-stage pore treatment on a catalytic cracking aid matrix. The catalytic cracking aid for increasing yield of propylene has many mesopores, the preparation method is simple, the diffusion resistance to diesel oil is small, the cracking capacity is high, and the yield of low-carbon olefins, especially the yield of propylene, can be increased when the catalytic cracking aid is used for preparing low-carbon olefins from petroleum products containing diesel oil and / or gasoline through catalytic cracking.

The application relates to the technical field of intelligent water treatment control, and discloses a system for simulating and predicting the kinetics of the adsorption capacity of biochar, which comprises the following modules: a data acquisition module uses the Arrhenius equation to introduce a temperature correction coefficient to perform thermodynamic compensation on adsorption kinetic constants; a flow state recognition module determines a forward adsorption or reverse desorption working condition based on the Langmuir model; a resistance decoupling module calculates the mass transfer Biot number based on the double membrane theory to distinguish the liquid film and the internal diffusion resistance of the particles, and uses a physical blockage index to distinguish physical blockage and chemical saturation; a hysteresis compensation module introduces a hysteresis correction factor to correct the desorption equilibrium concentration and calculate the recovery adsorption capacity during the reverse desorption; and a service life prediction module uses a dynamic utilization rate coefficient to correct the theoretical residual capacity and generate operation and maintenance instructions. Through the resistance decoupling and hysteresis compensation mechanisms, the physical and chemical attenuation mechanisms are effectively distinguished, and the precise prediction of the adsorption breakthrough time under dynamic working conditions is realized.

The invention discloses a catalytic cracking oil slurry hydrogenation protective agent and a preparation method thereof. The hydrogenation protective agent comprises a carrier and hydrogenation active metal, an alumina carrier is adopted, the hydrogenation active metal comprises molybdenum oxide and cobalt oxide, and the alumina carrier has the following properties: the most probable pore diameter is 40-100 nm, preferably 50-70 nm, and the pore volume occupied by pore channels from (most probable pore diameter-30) nm to (most probable pore diameter + 30) nm accounts for more than 75% of the total pore volume. According to the hydrogenation protective agent, the alumina carrier with proper pore diameter and proper large-pore-diameter pore volume ratio is adopted, so that the diffusion resistance of macromolecules on the surface of a catalyst during adsorption and reaction in the catalytic cracking oil slurry hydrogenation process can be eliminated, and the hydrogenation reaction is facilitated.

The invention provides a sensor element and a gas sensor, which can suppress the influence of the dynamic pressure of the measured gas on a pump unit. The sensor element is a sensor element for detecting the concentration of a specific gas in the gas to be measured, and has a diffusion rate control unit for applying diffusion resistance to the gas to be measured introduced from the gas introduction port. The diffusion velocity control unit has a first space section (85a) through which the gas to be measured flows in the front-rear direction. The shape of a cross-section orthogonal to the front-rear direction of at least a portion of the first space section (85a) in the front-rear direction is a predetermined shape in which the length of the outer periphery is longer than the reference rectangle (S1). The reference rectangle (S1) is a rectangle obtained by deforming a circumscribed rectangle (R) having the same area as the cross section of the first space section (85a) and comprising two sides parallel to the up-down direction and two sides parallel to the left-right direction orthogonal to the up-down direction so that the length of the long sides is maintained and the short sides are shortened.

The invention discloses a 3D printing carbon fiber electrode multistage spiral structure supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, and the method employs continuous carbon fibers as a flexible substrate and a carbon-based electrode active material as an active material to prepare a braided electrode. The whole electrode assembly is coated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride / chitosan / hydroxyethyl methylacrylate electrolyte, and then the woven electrode and silica gel are extruded out through a coaxial nozzle by a direct writing technology, so that in-situ packaging of the woven electrode is realized. Experiments prove that the flexible solid supercapacitor in a free form can be produced, and the obtained supercapacitor has enhanced tensile strength, excellent long-term cycling stability, low diffusion resistance and consistent performance in various bending states, and paves a way for the next generation of wearable electronic products.

The present invention discloses a quasi-solid-state electrolyte based on ionic liquid, its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of energy materials. The quasi-solid-state electrolyte of the present invention is a PAM@MMT gel material prepared by a condensation reaction of N-N methylenebisacrylamide, acrylamide, potassium persulfate, dimethyl sulfoxide, montmorillonite, potassium hydroxide, and zinc salt. It has excellent mechanical strength, flexibility and tensile properties, meeting the actual application requirements of flexible zinc-air batteries. At the same time, the PAM@MMT quasi-solid-state electrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity and small diffusion resistance, which is conducive to the rapid transport of active species. The flexible zinc-air battery assembled with the PAM@MMT gel material as the electrolyte shows high open-circuit voltage, foldable stability and charge-discharge cycle stability. The synthesis method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and the raw materials are easily available, which is conducive to implementation and application.

This invention relates to a method for modeling the curing kinetics of polymer resins, specifically providing a method for fitting the curing kinetics of polymer resins based on a segmented model. The method employs a three-stage segmented kinetic model. In the first stage, an external catalytic model is introduced to quantify the inductive acceleration effect of the co-catalyst in the early stages of the reaction. In the second stage, the Kamal-Sourour model is used to ensure the fitting accuracy of the chemical control region. In the third stage, a diffusion correction term based on thermodynamic evolution is introduced to quantify the diffusion resistance caused by entering the glassy state in the later stages, significantly improving the fitting accuracy at the end of curing. More importantly, this invention creatively proposes a method based on the activation energy minimum point. α tr and dynamic glass transition point α vit The segmentation points effectively couple the external catalytic model, the Kamal-Sourour model, and the dynamic diffusion model, effectively solving the problem of inaccurate fitting of the full-cycle kinetics, improving the fitting accuracy, and providing data support for the fine-tuning of the curing process.

The sensor element includes a diffusion control section that provides the measurement-object gas introduced from the gas inlet with diffusion resistance, wherein the diffusion control section includes a space portion through which the measurement-object gas is caused to flow in the first direction, a shape of a cross-section perpendicular to the first direction in at least a part of the space portion in the first direction is a predetermined shape with a longer outer circumference than a reference rectangle, and the reference rectangle is a rectangle that has the same area as the cross-section of the space portion, and the reference rectangle is a rectangle that is formed by deforming the circumscribed rectangle of the cross-section, which is composed of two sides parallel to the layered direction and two sides parallel to a second direction that is perpendicular to the layered direction.

A sensor element serves to detect the concentration of a specific gas in a sample gas. The sensor element comprises an element body that has an internal sample gas flow section, which introduces the sample gas from a gas inlet and causes the sample gas to flow in a front-to-back direction, and a diffusion control section 11a located in the sample gas flow section, which exerts a diffusion resistance on the sample gas introduced from the gas inlet. The diffusion control section 11a comprises a first porous body 87a and a first spatial section 85a, which are provided in at least a portion of the diffusion control section 11a in the front-to-back direction.The first porous body 87a is provided such that it occupies part of a cross-section of the diffusion control section 11a perpendicular to the front-back direction and allows the gas of the object to pass through it, and the first space section 85a comprises part of the cross-section that is not occupied by the porous body 87a and allows the gas of the object to pass through it.

The invention discloses a method for preparing durene by utilizing unsym-trimethylbenzene and methanol, which comprises the following steps: mixing unsym-trimethylbenzene, methanol and hydrogen, heating and gasifying, feeding into a fixed bed reactor, and carrying out alkylation reaction through a molecular sieve catalyst with hierarchical pore distribution to prepare durene, after a reaction product flowing out of the alkylation reactor is subjected to gas-liquid separation and oil-water separation, liquid-phase hydrocarbon components enter a rectification separation system, and light hydrocarbon with the carbon number of C6 or below, methylbenzene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions with the carbon number of C11 or above are separated out. The mesoporous channel of the catalyst increases the contact probability of the raw material and the active site of the molecular sieve, promotes the playing of the activity of the catalyst in a fixed bed, reduces the diffusion resistance of the raw material and the product, promotes the rapid diffusion of the product, and reduces the occurrence of side reactions, so that the conversion rate of unsym-trimethylbenzene and the selectivity of durene are improved; therefore, high durene yield can be obtained.

A limiting current type gas sensor (100), wherein the gas sensor (100) includes a sensor element (101) formed from an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), the gas sensor (100) being capable of indicating a NOx concentration in a measurement gas, the sensor element (101) including: a gas inlet (10) into which the measurement gas is introduced from the outside; a first interior space (20) connected to the gas inlet (10) at a predetermined diffusion resistance; a second interior space (40) connected to the first interior space (20) at a predetermined diffusion resistance; a main pump cell (21) which is an electrochemical pump cell consisting of an inner pump electrode (22) including one or two unit electrode parts (22a, 22b) and facing the first inner space (20), an outer pump electrode (23) provided on a surface of the sensor element (101), and the solid electrolyte (6) located between the inner pump electrode (22) and the outer pump electrode (23); a measuring electrode (44) facing the second inner space (40) and covered with a porous protective film (45) providing a predetermined diffusion resistance, the measuring electrode (44) serving as a reduction catalyst for NOx; an atmospheric air introduction layer (48) introduced into the atmospheric air from outside the sensor element (101) as a reference gas; a reference electrode (42) covered with the atmospheric air introduction layer (48); and a measuring pump cell (41) which is an electrochemical pump cell consisting of the measuring electrode (44), the outer pump electrode (23) and the solid electrolyte (6) located between the measuring electrode (44) and the outer pump electrode (23); where when the inner pumping electrode (22) includes the two of the unit electrode parts (22a, 22b), the two unit electrode parts (22a, 22b) are arranged to face each other, the main pump cell (21) pumps out oxygen in the measurement gas introduced into the first inner space (20) by applying a predetermined main pump voltage (Vp0) between the inner pump electrode (22) and the outer pump electrode (23), so that the oxygen partial pressure of the measurement gas in the first inner space (20) is reduced, the measuring pump cell (41) pumps out oxygen produced by a reduction of NOx in the measuring gas reaching the vicinity of the measuring electrode (44) by applying a predetermined pump voltage (Vp2) between the inner pump electrode (22) and the outer pump electrode (23), wherein the gas sensor (100) further comprises: a concentration specification element (110) that specifies a concentration of NOx based on a magnitude of a NOx current (Ip2) flowing between the measuring electrode (44) and the outer pumping electrode (23) in the measuring pumping cell (41), a diffusion resistance from the gas inlet (10) to the first interior space (20) which is 200 cm-1 or greater and 1000 cm-1 or less, and when the first interior space (20) has a space length (L1) as a size in a longitudinal direction of the sensor element (101), a space thickness (t1) as a size in a thickness direction of the sensor element (101), and a space width (w1) as a size in a width direction perpendicular to both the longitudinal direction and the thickness direction, and the unit electrode part (22a, 22b) has an electrode length (L2) as a size in the longitudinal direction and an electrode width (w2) as a size in the width direction, the space length (L1) is 2.5 mm or greater and 10 mm or less, the space thickness (t1) is 50 µm or greater and 300 µm or less, a ratio of the electrode length (L2) relative to the space length (L1) is 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less and a ratio of the electrode width (w2) relative to the space width (w1) is 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less.

The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete durability testing, and discloses a simulation test device and method for concrete chloride ion diffusion resistance. Among them, a simulation test device for concrete chloride ion diffusion resistance includes a support platform, a height adjustment mechanism, a synchronous drive mechanism, a pressing platform, a test cavity construction mechanism, an auxiliary adjustment mechanism, a liquid guiding mechanism, and a data monitoring mechanism; the present invention can adjust the test chamber formed between the test cavity construction mechanism and the test piece through the auxiliary adjustment mechanism, and can stably adjust the pressure and solution concentration in the test chamber during the test. Compared with the method of continuously introducing a large amount of solution for pressure regulation, it can not only effectively reduce the loss of the chlorine-containing solution, but also effectively improve the stability of the liquid in the test chamber, effectively reduce the influence of the turbulence generated when re-introducing the chlorine-containing solution on the test, and improve the accuracy of the test parameters.

The invention discloses a catalyst for improving an octane number in light naphtha isomerization and a preparation method of the catalyst. The catalyst comprises 40-70wt% of a carrier, 5-15wt% of a dispersing agent, 15-25wt% of a pore forming agent and 8-20wt% of transition metal, wherein the transition metal is based on the oxide thereof. The two active centers of the ZSM-5-5at-ZrO2 composite molecular sieve catalyst cooperate to catalyze cracking and alkylation, and due to the mesopores of the shell, the diffusion resistance is reduced, and the diffusion of reactants and products is accelerated, so that the ZSM-5-5at-ZrO2 composite molecular sieve catalyst has the characteristics of good accessibility of the catalytic active centers, high catalytic activity, good stability and the like.

To provide a NOx sensor capable of suppressing the influence of peripheral environment temperature, accurately performing correction based on the moisture content contained in a measurement target gas, and improving the detection accuracy of NOx concentration.SOLUTION: A gas sensor device S comprises a gas sensor element 1, a porous protective layer 11, and a sensor control unit 10. The gas sensor element 1 includes: a measurement target gas chamber 2 into which the measurement target gas is introduced through a diffusion resistance layer; a pump cell 1p which has a pump electrode 21 on a surface of a solid electrolyte body 20 and adjusts the oxygen concentration in the measurement target gas chamber; and a sensor cell 1s which has a sensor electrode 22 on a surface of the solid electrolyte on the downstream side relative to the gas flow, and generates an output corresponding to the concentration of a specific gas. The porous protective layer 11 has an adsorption amount of organic components in the use environment of the gas sensor element 1 within a range of 100 mg / g to 400 mg / g.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The application provides a fuel cell water management fault diagnosis method and system. The method comprises the following steps: controlling the on-off of the output current of the fuel cell by using DC / DC, periodically recording the voltage change before and after the current interruption, and processing the step data of the voltage response and the relaxation data of the voltage response; calculating the ohmic resistance according to the step data of the voltage response; calculating the diffusion resistance coefficient according to the relaxation data of the voltage response; judging the dry-wet state inside the fuel cell through the ohmic resistance and the diffusion resistance coefficient; and adjusting the operation parameters in real time according to the dry-wet state inside the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell can keep the best working state. The system comprises a data acquisition unit, an ohmic resistance calculation unit, a diffusion resistance coefficient calculation unit, a dry-wet state judgment unit and a central control unit. The application realizes the real-time feedback of the dry-wet state inside the fuel cell by periodically monitoring the change of the ohmic resistance and the diffusion resistance coefficient inside the fuel cell.

A limiting current type gas sensor (100) capable of indicating a NOx concentration in a measurement gas, comprising: a sensor element (101) formed from an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), the sensor element (101) comprising: a gas inlet (10) into which a measuring gas is introduced from the outside; a first interior space (20) connected to the gas inlet (10) at a predetermined diffusion resistance; a second interior space (40) connected to the first interior space (20) at a predetermined diffusion resistance; a main pumping cell (21) which is an electrochemical pumping cell consisting of an inner pumping electrode (22) facing the first inner space (20), an outer pumping electrode (23) provided on a surface of the sensor element (101), and the solid electrolyte (4, 5, 6) located between the inner pumping electrode (22) and the outer pumping electrode (23); a measuring electrode (44) facing the second inner space (40) and covered with a porous protective film (45) providing a predetermined diffusion resistance, the measuring electrode (44) serving as a reduction catalyst for NOx; an atmospheric air introduction layer (48) into which atmospheric air is introduced from outside the sensor element (101) as a reference gas; a reference electrode (42) covered with the atmospheric air introduction layer (48); and a measuring pump cell (41), which is an electrochemical pump cell consisting of the measuring electrode (44), the outer pump electrode (23) and the solid electrolyte (4, 5, 6) located between the measuring electrode (44) and the outer pump electrode (23); and a concentration specifying element (110) that specifies a concentration of NOx based on a magnitude of a NOx current (Ip2) flowing between the measuring electrode (44) and the outer pumping electrode (23) in the measuring pumping cell (41), wherein the main pumping cell (21) is configured and arranged to pump out oxygen in the first internal space (20) when a predetermined main pumping voltage (Vp0) is applied between the inner pumping electrode (22) and the outer pumping electrode (23), and pumps out oxygen in the measurement gas introduced to the first internal space (20) to lower the oxygen partial pressure of the measurement gas in the first internal space (20), the measuring pumping cell (41) is configured and arranged to pump out oxygen in the vicinity of the measuring electrode (44) when a predetermined pumping voltage (Vp0) is applied between the inner pumping electrode (22) and the outer pumping electrode (23), and to pump out oxygen generated by a reduction of NOx in the measuring gas that reaches the vicinity of the measuring electrode (44) at the measuring electrode (44), a diffusion resistance from the gas inlet (10) to the inner pump electrode (22) equal to or greater than 200 cm -1 and equal to or less than 1000 cm -1 an electrical resistance of the main pump cell (21) is equal to or less than 150Ω, and a shortest distance from the inner pump electrode (22) to the outer pump electrode (23) is equal to or greater than 0.1 mm and equal to or less than 0.6 mm and the inner pumping electrode (22) is a cermet electrode made of an Au-Pt alloy and ZrO2 with an area equal to or greater than 5 mm 2 and equal to or less than 20 mm 2 is formed.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a hydration catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of catalyst preparation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: modifying a mesoporous ZSM-5 molecular sieve, hydrolyzing organosilane containing a phenol or naphthol functional group, and carrying out dehydration condensation reaction on the hydrolyzed organosilane and silicon hydroxyl on the surface of the mesoporous ZSM-5 molecular sieve, so that the organosilane is grafted to the surface of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and the solubility of cyclohexene, water and cyclohexanol on the surface of the catalyst is improved by the phenol functional group on the surface; the diffusion rate of cyclohexanol on the surface of the catalyst is effectively improved, so that cyclohexanol generated by reaction can be quickly separated from the surface of the catalyst; in addition, the molecular sieve has a more developed mesoporous structure, the diffusion resistance of reaction products and raw materials in the catalyst is reduced, continuous condensation polymerization of products after cyclohexene hydration is avoided, side reactions are effectively reduced, the conversion rate of cyclohexene hydration reaction can be effectively improved, and the problems existing in the existing industrial production technology are solved.

The present application provides a gas sensor that can suppress deterioration of measurement accuracy even when contaminated gas is generated on the reference gas space side. A housing of a gas sensor that has a reference gas space inside is provided with: an outer cylinder, one end portion side of which protrudes into the outer cylinder on the other end portion side of a sensor element that has a monitoring portion; and a sealing member, which is embedded in the end portion of the outer cylinder, seals the reference gas space. The sensor element is provided with: a first electrode lead portion, which has a first electrode through portion for electrically connecting the outside and at least one inside electrode and a first through portion insulating layer that covers the first electrode through portion; and a second electrode lead portion, which has a second electrode through portion that can electrically connect the outside and a measurement electrode and a second through portion insulating layer that covers the second electrode through portion. In a case where a diffusion resistance of the first electrode lead portion is set to A (cm －1 ) and a diffusion resistance of the second electrode lead portion is set to B (cm －1 ), A / B < 1.00.

Gas sensor for detecting the concentration of a specific gas in a gas of a measuring object, wherein the gas sensor comprises: a sensor element that an element body comprising an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte layer, wherein a sample gas flow section is arranged in the element body, which allows the sample gas to be introduced into and flow through it, a measuring electrode that is arranged in the gas flow section of the object being measured, a device-gas-side electrode that is arranged inside or outside the element body in such a way that it comes into contact with the device gas, a reference electrode located inside the element body, and comprising a reference gas introduction section which allows a reference gas to be introduced into it and to flow through it to the reference electrode, the reference gas being used as a reference for detecting the concentration of a specific gas in the gas of the object being measured; a detection device which detects the concentration of a specific gas in the gas of the object being measured based on a voltage between the reference electrode and the measuring electrode; and a reference gas regulating device which allows an oxygen pumping current to flow between the reference electrode and the device gas-side electrode for pumping oxygen into the environment of the reference electrode from the environment of the device gas-side electrode, wherein a ratio R1 / R2 of a reaction resistance R1 of the reference electrode to a diffusion resistance R2 of the reference gas introduction section is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 2.0, wherein the reaction resistance R1 of the reference electrode correlates with the amount of oxygen to be pumped from the environment of the device gas-side electrode into the environment of the reference electrode, and the diffusion resistance R2 of the reference gas introduction section correlates with the probability that the oxygen in the environment of the reference electrode will be released to the outside.