29results about How to "Improve surface activity" patented technology

This invention discloses a pretreatment method for detecting trace perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in complex matrix textiles, belonging to the field of materials analysis technology. The method involves placing the textile in an alkaline solvent containing an alkyl sulfonate displacing agent. Under heating conditions, the displacing agent utilizes its competitive adsorption mechanism to forcibly occupy matrix adsorption sites and displace the target analytes into the solvent. Subsequently, the temperature is rapidly lowered to the phase separation induction temperature, inducing supersaturation precipitation of the displacing agent, which then encapsulates impurities in situ and co-precipitates, forming a solid-liquid stratified system. Finally, the supernatant is collected for analysis. This invention utilizes the dual properties of the displacing agent—high-temperature solubilization and low-temperature phase change removal—to effectively break the strong adsorption equilibrium of aged textiles without using a solid-phase extraction column. This solves the contradiction between low extraction rate and significant matrix interference, significantly improving the recovery rate of PFAS. It offers advantages such as low cost, simple operation, and high accuracy.

This invention belongs to the field of material surface treatment technology, specifically relating to a wafer polishing slurry, its preparation method, and its application. The wafer polishing slurry comprises abrasives, oxidants, dispersants, surfactants, pH adjusters, and water. The components of the wafer polishing slurry work synergistically, shortening polishing time and improving polishing efficiency when applied to wafer polishing. Furthermore, it significantly improves the surface quality of the polished wafer, markedly reducing scratches and defects, and lowering surface roughness to below 0.15 nm, thus meeting the surface quality requirements of fields such as power electronics and radio frequency devices.

The application discloses a non-ion-anion water-reducing agent and preparation and application thereof. The water-reducing agent is shown as formula (1).

This invention belongs to the field of oral care technology and provides a bismuth microsphere oral care agent that eliminates halitosis and has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The agent comprises a bismuth complex, wherein the bismuth complex is a porous bismuth microsphere selected from Bi2O2CO3 and Bi2O2CO3@Bi2S3 heterojunctions. This oral care agent can rapidly respond to the high expression of H2S in periodontitis, eliminating halitosis, inhibiting inflammation, and regulating the periodontal microenvironment. Simultaneously, the (Bi2O2CO3) microspheres react with H2S to form Bi2O2CO3@Bi2S3 heterojunctions in situ, which can efficiently kill bacteria under light irradiation.

This invention belongs to the field of road engineering and industrial solid waste resource utilization technology, and particularly relates to a construction method for heavy-duty roads in mining areas based on solid-oil toughened oil shale waste residue. The method involves constructing, from bottom to top, an existing layer treatment layer, a first bonding layer, a high-toughness surface layer, a second bonding layer, and a solid-oil toughened oil shale waste residue overlay layer on the existing road layer in the mining area. After crushing, screening, and drying, the oil shale waste residue undergoes surface modification using a silane coupling agent hydrolysate, and is then mixed with toughening oil components and dried to obtain solid-oil toughened oil shale waste residue. This overlay layer is then mixed with aggregates, fillers, and cementing materials, and spread and compacted to form the overlay layer. The existing layer treatment layer improves the base condition through defect repair and interface treatment. The two bonding layers enhance interlayer bonding, and the high-toughness surface layer improves structural toughness and stress dispersion capacity. This method significantly improves the load-bearing capacity, rutting resistance, fatigue cracking resistance, and interlayer stability of heavy-duty roads in mining areas, achieving efficient resource utilization of oil shale waste residue.

The application discloses a preparation method of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride by catalytic isomerization, and nitrogen-doped porous carbon is prepared by carbonizing melamine sponge, the nickel is loaded by cooperating with wetting of a surfactant and ultrasonic cavitation, and the loaded nickel catalyst is obtained by roasting and reduction. 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride is heated and refluxed in an organic solvent and catalyst to isomerize, the catalyst is recovered by filtration, and the product is obtained by cooling and crystallizing the filtrate. The method utilizes the through macroporous structure to eliminate the mass transfer resistance, and the nitrogen-anchored nickel prevents agglomeration, so that the catalyst is low in cost, recyclable and free of waste water.

A foam separation method for harvesting Cr 3+ This method, belonging to the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment, uses the natural nonionic surfactant Sapindus mukorossi extract as a foaming agent and a trapping agent to treat Cr-containing wastewater. 3+ Cr in aqueous solution 3+ Foam separation and harvesting were performed. The critical micelle concentrations of Sapindus mukorossi extract and five other surfactants were determined, and the effects of pH, gas flow rate, liquid loading, collection time, Sapindus mukorossi extract concentration, and Cr were investigated. 3+ The effect of initial concentration on separation efficiency was investigated, and the process was optimized through orthogonal experiments. The results showed that at room temperature, with pH 6.5, gas flow rate 400 mL / min, collection time 4 min, loading volume 300 mL, Sapindus mukorossi extract 0.2 g / L, and chromium sulfate 10 mg / L, Cr... 3+ The recovery rate can reach 71.5%, and the enrichment ratio is 3.9. The foaming agent used in this invention is widely available, easily degradable, and environmentally friendly, and is suitable for low concentrations of Cr. 3+ Separate harvesting.

This invention relates to the field of electronic paste preparation technology, and discloses a low sheet resistance tungsten-copper electronic paste and its preparation method, comprising the following steps: Step 1, preparing tungsten-copper composite powder: spherical tungsten powder with a diameter of 1-10 μm and copper powder with a size of 1-3 μm are mixed by mechanical mixing, with a tungsten to copper weight ratio of 3:1-6:1. Before mixing, the copper powder needs to undergo graphene coating pretreatment; Step 2, preparing an inorganic binder: the inorganic binder includes, but is not limited to, the following components: glass powder, CuO, TiO2, La2O3, Pu6O11; Step 3, preparing an organic carrier: the organic carrier includes a solvent, an organic binder, and a thickener; Step 4, preparing the tungsten-copper paste. The tungsten-copper paste of this invention has widely available raw materials, a simple preparation process, and is suitable for mass production. Although graphene, a high-priced material, is added, the amount added is small and the performance is particularly excellent, making the cost of the tungsten-copper paste of this invention far lower than that of similar foreign products, resulting in a very high cost-performance ratio.

This invention discloses a high specific surface area mesoporous tin oxide powder and its preparation method. The method includes: dissolving a tin source in a mixed solvent of alcohol and deionized water, adding a ketone complexing agent and a nonionic dispersant, and stirring to form a tin-based complex precursor solution; then transferring the solution to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal aging treatment, causing the precursor solution to hydrolyze and condense, forming gel particles in situ; after solid-liquid separation, washing with alternating anhydrous ethanol and dilute ammonia water, and drying to obtain the precursor powder; finally, performing staged heating calcination under an air-nitrogen mixed atmosphere, first removing organic components at low temperature, and then completing the crystal phase transformation at high temperature to obtain rutile phase SnO2 powder. The powder has an average particle size of 8–15 nm and a specific surface area of ​​85–110 m² / g. 2 The powder has a pergola size of 3–6 nm and good dispersibility. This invention effectively suppresses grain agglomeration through complexation regulation, hydrothermal-sol-gel coupling, and gradient atmosphere calcination. The prepared powder is suitable for applications such as gas sensors, lithium-ion battery anodes, or transparent conductive films.

The application discloses a method for improving the metalization connection strength of n-type Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric elements based on anchoring effect, and comprises the following steps: configuring a n-type Bi2Te3-based wafer surface treatment agent, the composition of which comprises 40-50% sulfuric acid (volume), 1-2% nitric acid (volume), and the rest is water; immersing a clean n-type Bi2Te3-based wafer into the surface treatment agent to perform surface etching; then immersing the etched n-type Bi2Te3-based wafer into ultrapure water to perform ultrasonic treatment; performing metalization connection on the ultrasonically treated n-type Bi2Te3-based wafer through electroplating or chemical plating, the plated metal is easy to form anchoring effect with the n-type Bi2Te3, the metalization connection strength is improved; and finally performing scribing and cutting to obtain the Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric elements with high metalization connection strength. The application makes the n-type Bi2Te3-based wafer have high surface roughness before electroplating, which is beneficial to forming anchoring effect with the plated metal such as nickel, so that the Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric elements with high metalization connection strength are obtained, and the thermoelectric elements are not physically damaged, and the product qualification rate can be improved.

The present application relates to a kind of high flame-retardant low-toxicity environmental protection computer cable and its preparation method, belong to computer cable technical field.The insulating layer and / or sheath layer of the cable uses environmental protection toughening flame-retardant composite material, it is with polyolefin resin as matrix, compound modified nano-aluminum hydroxide with KH560 silane coupling agent, melamine cyanurate, gradient compound ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and maleic anhydride graft polyolefin, by limiting core component ratio and key parameter, realize high flame-retardant, low-toxicity environmental protection and low-temperature toughness Synergistic unity.The present application process is simple and easy industrialization, applicable to computer room, automation control system, instrument signal transmission and other scenes, practicality is strong.

This invention belongs to the field of material performance testing technology, specifically relating to a method for determining the particle density of carbon anode raw materials. The method includes: injecting water into a first container until the liquid levels in the first and second containers are equal, and reading the scale of the first and second containers as V1; adding carbon anode raw material particles with a mass of m, including petroleum coke or calcined coke, into the first container; injecting a mixed solution into the first container until the carbon anode raw material particles are completely submerged, the mixed solution including pure water and a low-foaming nonionic surfactant; pre-treating the first and second containers in an ultrasonic instrument; and placing the pre-treated first and second containers into a vacuum chamber, evacuating the chamber until it reaches negative pressure, and maintaining the pressure in the vacuum chamber. This method for determining the particle density of carbon anode raw materials can accurately measure the particle density of carbon anode raw materials.

This invention discloses a low-temperature, rapid sintering method for preparing sodium molybdenum ceramic targets. Specifically, molybdenum trioxide powder and sodium molybdate dihydrate powder are first mixed using alcohol as a medium through ball milling to obtain a sodium molybdenum slurry. The slurry is then dried, filtered, ground, and sieved to obtain sodium molybdenum powder. The sodium molybdenum powder is then wetted with ammonium molybdate solution. The wetted sodium molybdenum powder is placed in a graphite mold for pre-pressing. The pre-pressed green body is then placed in a sintering furnace along with the graphite mold and subjected to spark plasma-assisted cold sintering at 200℃~400℃ and 50 MPa high pressure to obtain a sintered target body. The sintered body is then mechanically polished and ultrasonically vibrated to obtain a semi-finished target. The semi-finished target and a copper backing plate are brazed together, and after cleaning, drying, and vacuum sealing, the sodium molybdenum ceramic target is obtained. This invention enables the rapid (5 min) sintering of high-purity, high-density sodium molybdenum ceramic targets at low temperatures.

This application relates to the field of crystal growth technology and discloses an integrated seed wafer assembly and its fabrication method. The fabrication method of the integrated seed wafer assembly includes: forming a carbon film on the silicon surface of a seed wafer to obtain a seed wafer containing the carbon film; forming a first adhesive layer on the surface of the carbon film away from the seed wafer; forming a second adhesive layer on any surface of a graphite plate; and bonding graphite paper between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer to obtain an integrated seed wafer intermediate; subjecting the integrated seed wafer intermediate to gradient hot pressing to obtain an integrated seed wafer; wherein the gradient hot pressing includes at least two hot pressing operations with increasing temperature gradients. The integrated seed wafer assembly obtained by this method exhibits high bonding strength between the seed wafer and the graphite component. Furthermore, using this integrated seed wafer assembly during crystal growth helps improve the quality of the wafer.

This application relates to the field of pressure-sensitive adhesive materials, and discloses an electrolytic adhesive tape for electronic components and its preparation method. The adhesive tape includes an insulating substrate and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer coated on its surface. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is mainly composed of an acrylate-based copolymer resin, combined with an acylhydrazine-based dynamic crosslinking agent and a wetting and leveling agent. The matrix resin is a linear random copolymer, obtained by copolymerizing soft and hard monomers with functional acrylate monomers containing β-diketone and oxazoline groups. The preparation method includes pretreatment of the insulating substrate functionalization, matrix resin synthesis, pressure-sensitive adhesive preparation, coating and curing, and finished product preparation. This adhesive tape can be used for insulating and structurally fixing electrolyte-containing components such as lithium-ion batteries, aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and supercapacitors. It combines excellent room-temperature pressure-sensitive mounting performance with long-term adhesion stability in electrolyte environments, fundamentally avoiding the problem of small molecule additive migration and precipitation, exhibiting high reliability and suitability for automated large-scale production.

This application provides a novel lipopeptide molecule, its preparation method, and its applications. The novel lipopeptide molecule of this application possesses ultra-low interfacial tension, surface tension, and extremely strong wetting reversal properties. Compared with naturally derived lipopeptide compounds, it exhibits stronger stability and higher surface activity, and has broad application prospects in the field of petroleum extraction.

This invention discloses a method for preparing concrete based on construction waste, specifically relating to the field of building materials technology. The concrete based on construction waste is prepared from recycled aggregate, sulfoaluminate cement, zeolite carrier internal curing agent, and saturated steam containing zwitterionic resin. The components and weight proportions of the raw materials for preparing the concrete based on construction waste are as follows: 100 parts recycled aggregate, 30-50 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 2-7 parts zeolite carrier internal curing agent, and 0.8-3 parts saturated steam containing zwitterionic resin. This invention achieves its goals by using an ethanol solution of composite cation exchange resin to purify harmful ions in the aggregate, an activating liquid to stimulate surface activity and promote gel formation, and a composite liquid containing polyvinyl alcohol and anion exchange resin to form a dense coating film to block erosion, enhance the interface's resistance to degradation, improve durability, and solve the problem of susceptibility to erosion.

The application discloses a method for preparing a two-dimensional carbon film by reducing carbon oxides through phase transition of a gallium-based alloy at room temperature, and comprises the following steps: step S1, adding mixed metal particles containing metallic gallium into a sealed container and sealing the container; step S2, removing air in the container and replacing it with high-purity CO or CO2 gas; step S3, continuously stirring or oscillating; step S4, converting the mixed metal particles containing metallic gallium into a liquid phase at room temperature; during the liquid phase conversion of the metal particles, the CO or CO2 gas is reduced to carbon material and covers the surface of the liquid metal; and step S5, peeling off the two-dimensional carbon film, thereby obtaining the two-dimensional carbon film. The method can directly convert CO or CO2 gas into a two-dimensional carbon film with excellent performance at room temperature, can solve the environmental problem, and can realize simple preparation of the two-dimensional carbon film, so the method has a wide application prospect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis, and particularly relates to a graphite-phase carbon nitride photocatalyst based on a nitrogen-defect sulfur-doped coupled S-type homojunction as well as a preparation method and application of the graphite-phase carbon nitride photocatalyst. N-defect g-C3N4 (NA-DCN) and S-doped g-C3N4 (NA-SCN) are respectively constructed through nitric acid assisted treatment, and directed migration of photon-generated carriers is realized by using an S-type homojunction interface so as to inhibit recombination; stable interface bonding is formed through component proportion optimization, and the specific surface area and the number of active sites of the material are synchronously increased. Finally, through multi-dimensional structure regulation and control, the problems that the g-C3N4 is limited in photoresponse range, fast in carrier recombination and difficult in consideration of catalytic activity and stability are synchronously solved, the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the g-C3N4 is remarkably enhanced, and a reliable technical scheme is provided for large-scale application of an efficient carbon nitride-based photocatalytic material.

The application discloses a tackifier, a preparation method of the tackifier, a composite plug oil displacement agent and an enhanced oil recovery method. The tackifier contains structural unit A, structural unit B, structural unit C and structural unit D, and the mass ratio of the structural unit A, the structural unit B, the structural unit C and the structural unit D is (2000-20000):(2000-40000):(4000-60000):(6000-100000), n is 1-15, m is 1-20, and the viscosity average molecular weight of the tackifier is 45-50 million. The tackifier has the following advantages: under the condition of a temperature of 60-70 DEG C and a salinity of 10000 mg / L, the viscosity of a polymer solution is greater than 100 mPa s; when the concentration of the polymer solution is 1000 mg / L, the surface tension is less than 40 mN / m, the tackifier has the function of emulsifying and dispersing crude oil, and the oil displacement efficiency of a physical model is increased by more than 12%.

This invention relates to the field of advanced petrochemical new materials technology, and discloses a luminescent composite material, its preparation method, and its application. The composite material comprises the following components: homopolymer polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, a compatibility modification system, double-modified rare-earth strontium aluminate luminescent powder, dispersant, antioxidant, weathering agent, toughening agent, nucleating agent, and silane coupling agent. This invention employs a compatibility modification system composed of maleic anhydride-grafted PP-g-PBS copolymer and double-modified nano-montmorillonite. The maleic anhydride-grafted PP-g-PBS copolymer constructs a chemical link between the polypropylene and polybutylene succinate molecular chains through a grafting reaction, reducing the interfacial tension between the two resins. The double-modified nano-montmorillonite, after ionic liquid intercalation and silane grafting treatment, exhibits increased interlayer spacing and improved surface activity, uniformly dispersed in the matrix, and acts as a physical crosslinking point, improving the compatibility of the matrix resin and preventing phase separation.

This invention relates to a fiber-reinforced wood-plastic composite product and its preparation method, belonging to the field of polymer composite materials technology. The preparation method of the fiber-reinforced wood-plastic composite product of this invention involves reacting maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene with 6,6-dimethylspiro[bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2,2'-epoxyethylene] to obtain hydroxyl-grafted polyethylene. Then, the hydroxyl-grafted polyethylene is subjected to a substitution reaction with 4-bromopyridine-2,6-dicarboxaldehyde to obtain aldehyde-grafted polyethylene. Finally, the aldehyde-grafted polyethylene and straw powder grafted with an amino-polytetrahydrofuran silane coupling agent, and nano-mica sheets grafted with an amino-polyethylene glycol silane coupling agent, are subjected to a Schiff base reaction to obtain a polyethylene composite grafted with straw powder and nano-mica sheets. Finally, the composite is molded with polyethylene to obtain the final product.

This invention relates to the field of enameled wire production technology, specifically to a tensile-resistant enameled wire manufacturing system and process. It aims to solve technical problems in existing enameled wire manufacturing processes, such as uneven enamel film, insufficient bonding strength, poor tensile performance, and low production efficiency caused by enamel flow. The system includes a base, and a wire-splitting and laying mechanism, an extrusion molding mechanism, and a feeding mechanism mounted on the base. The wire-splitting and laying mechanism includes a first support ring, a cutting component, an extrusion component, a first pressing component, a coating unit, and a wire feeding component. It can achieve precise cutting, activation treatment, and close bonding of the separating material with the wire to form a uniform separation zone. The extrusion molding mechanism includes a second support ring, a molding component, and a second pressing component. It can extrude semi-solid enamel material into shape and connect it to the notch in the separating material. The feeding mechanism achieves precise enamel supply, connects various processes, effectively restricts enamel flow, improves enamel film uniformity, and enhances the bonding strength between the enamel material and the wire and separating material.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to an oil-based foam oil displacement system based on stability augmentation of high-temperature-resistant nano-particles and a preparation method and application thereof.The stability augmentation oil-based foam oil displacement system is characterized in that 0.5 wt%-1.5 wt% of nano-particles, 0.5 wt%-2 wt% of a nonionic surfactant Span20 and 0.1 wt%-1.0 wt% of a nonionic surfactant JQ-1 are adopted, the half-life period of foam drainage can be 15-22 min under the conditions that the pressure is 1 MPa and the temperature is 100 DEG C, and the stability augmentation oil-based foam oil displacement system is stable. And the half-life period of foam is 9-15 days. The stability-enhancing oil-based foam oil displacement system based on the high-temperature-resistant nano-particles is high in foaming capacity in an oil solvent, the surface tension of the oil solvent can be remarkably reduced, high foaming performance and foam stability are achieved, and the preparation process is simple, green and environmentally friendly.

The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a high-thermal-conductivity adhesive for solid-state batteries and a preparation method and application thereof. A polyacrylic acid adhesive is obtained by adding acrylic acid, propylene flame-retardant monomers, ethanolamine, a eutectic solvent and a photoinitiator. The polyacrylic acid adhesive, an amino-terminated flame retardant, a thermal-conductivity-enhancing fiber and N-methylpyrrolidone are mixed and stirred to obtain adhesive finished products. The adhesive finished products prepared by the application have good flame retardancy, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, so that the application has a wide application prospect in the technical field of batteries.

This invention relates to a method for sulfonating biomass in a gasifier combustion process. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treatment of the biomass; Step 2: Sulfonation treatment of the biomass powder; adding the biomass powder and sulfonating agent to a three-necked flask at a mass ratio of 1:1.5-3, followed by the sequential addition of deionized water and catalyst, stirring to ensure uniform mixing, and adjusting the pH to 11-13; Step 3: Placing the three-necked flask from Step 2 in a constant temperature water bath, allowing it to sulfonate at 80-100°C for 4-8 hours; Step 4: Purification; after the sulfonation reaction in Step 3 is completed, adding a 30%-40% ethanol solution to the system until no more precipitate forms, and then filtering to separate the product; Step 5: Drying; this method significantly improves the surface activity and compatibility with coal, achieving a maximum blending ratio of 30% and a single slurry concentration of 61.4%.

This invention discloses an epoxide derivative, its preparation method, and its application. The epoxide derivative has the chemical structure shown in formula (I): R-O-(EO). a -(PO) b - [(EO) c -(PO) d ] n - (EO) e -(PO) f -H (I); where R represents a C4-C32 straight-chain or branched alkyl group, and the [(EO)] c -(PO) d ] n The total block unit represents n (EO)-(PO) blocks linked together, where n ranges from 2 to 16. c and d represent the average molar number of EO and PO in the total block unit, with values ​​ranging from 1 to 10 and 1 to 2.5, respectively. a, b, e, and f each represent the average molar number, with values ​​of a and e ranging from 0 to 10, and values ​​of b and f ranging from 0 to 30. The epoxy alkyl derivatives of this invention combine low-temperature flowability, water solubility, and safety, and can be used as high-performance surfactants.

The application relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and particularly discloses a foam fire extinguishing agent compounded by anionic Gemini surfactants and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-15% of anionic Gemini surfactants; 0.5-3% of fluorocarbon surfactants; 3-9% of hydrophilic monomer oligomers; 2-5% of zwitterionic surfactants; 1.0-2.5% of nonionic surfactants; 3-12% of anti-burning agents; 2-7% of cosolvents; and the balance of water. The biodegradable short-chain fluorocarbon surfactants are precisely compounded with anionic Gemini surfactants of specific structures, hydrophilic monomer oligomers and the like, and a preparation process of step-by-step construction is adopted, so that the environmental friendliness is remarkably improved, the performance of the fire extinguishing agent is comprehensively broken through, the water film on the oil surface is ensured to be rapidly spread and rapidly extinguished, the foam covering layer is endowed with super-strong mechanical stability and thermal stability, the anti-reignition time is greatly prolonged, and the purposes of efficient fire extinguishing, long-lasting anti-burning and environmental friendliness are finally achieved.

This invention provides a carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (EOR) additive, its preparation method, and its application. The EOR additive, based on 1 part by weight of modified siloxane, comprises the following components: 1 part by weight of modified siloxane; 0.1-10 parts by weight of ester; 0.1-10 parts by weight of hydrocarbon amine; and 0-100 parts by weight of solvent. The modified siloxane has the structural formula shown in formula (I): wherein R1 is a C1-C8 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C4 alkyl group; R2 is H or a C1-C4 alkyl group, preferably H or a C1-C2 alkyl group; R3 is H or a C1-C20 alkyl group, preferably H or a C1-C4 alkyl group; m is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably an integer from 1 to 4; and n is an integer from 0 to 10, preferably an integer from 0 to 4. The CO2 EOR additive prepared by this invention can reduce the CO2 / oil miscibility pressure by more than 10%, thereby improving CO2 oil displacement efficiency.