781 results about "Photovoltaic arrays" patented technology

An interconnected arrangement of photovoltaic cells is achieved using laminating current collector electrodes. The electrodes comprises a pattern of conductive material extending over a first surface of sheetlike substrate material. The first surface comprises material having adhesive affinity for a selected conductive surface. Application of the electrode to the selected conductive surface brings the first surface of the sheetlike substrate into adhesive contact with the conductive surface and simultaneously brings the conductive surface into firm contact with the conductive material extending over first surface of the sheetlike substrate. Use of the laminating current collector electrodes allows facile and continuous production of expansive area interconnected photovoltaic arrays.

A converter unit configured to couple to a photovoltaic panel (PV) may include a controller to sense an output voltage and output current produced by the photovoltaic panel, and manage the output voltage of a corresponding power converter coupled to a DC bus to regulate the resultant bus voltage to a point that reduces overall system losses, and removes non-idealities when the panels are series connected. The controller may also adapt to output condition constraints, and perform a combination of input voltage and output voltage management and regulation, including maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the PV. The output voltage and output current characteristic of the power converter may be shaped to present a power gradient—which may be hysteretically controlled—to the DC bus to compel an inverter coupled to the DC bus to perform its own MPPT to hold the DC-bus voltage within a determinate desired operating range.

A skirt for photovoltaic arrays provides a screen portion, a groove portion, and a separate coupling adapted to couple the skirt to the skirt of an adjacent photovoltaic array and to a photovoltaic module. Another embodiment provides a screen portion comprising an angled louver and is adapted to partially obscure an area substantially beneath a PV module in a PV array. A further embodiment provides an edge blocking skirt for a PV array comprising a screen portion adapted for mounting a bottom of the screen portion substantially close to a roof.

A photo-voltaic (PV) power generating system and a control system for PV array string-level control and PV modules serially-connected into strings of PV modules. The system includes plural parallel strings of serially-connected power-generating photovoltaic modules that form a PV array, DC / DC micro-converters that are coupled to a DC voltage buss and to the output of a corresponding photovoltaic module or to the output of a string of photovoltaic modules; a gating or central inverter; and a control system. The micro-converters are structured and arranged to include at least one of: an active clamp device, a ground fault detection device, and a fractional power converter that injects power in series or in parallel with voltage or current from the power-generating portion onto the DC buss.

An interconnected arrangement of photovoltaic cells is achieved using laminating current collector electrodes. The electrodes comprise a pattern of conductive material extending over a first surface of sheetlike substrate material. The first surface comprises material having adhesive affinity for a selected conductive surface. Application of the electrode to the selected conductive surface brings the first surface of the sheetlike substrate into adhesive contact with the conductive surface and simultaneously brings the conductive surface into firm contact with the conductive material extending over first surface of the sheetlike substrate. Use of the laminating current collector electrodes allows facile and continuous production of expansive area interconnected photovoltaic arrays.

An interconnected arrangement of photovoltaic cells is achieved using laminating current collector electrodes. The electrodes comprise a pattern of conductive material extending over a first surface of sheetlike substrate material. The first surface comprises material having adhesive affinity for a selected conductive surface. Application of the electrode to the selected conductive surface brings the first surface of the sheetlike substrate into adhesive contact with the conductive surface and simultaneously brings the conductive surface into firm contact with the conductive material extending over first surface of the sheetlike substrate. Use of the laminating current collector electrodes allows facile and continuous production of expansive area interconnected photovoltaic arrays.

An attachment point apparatus and system for photovoltaic arrays is disclosed. One embodiment provides a rail system for receiving a PV module, including a first rail, a second rail, a substantially rectilinear double male connector adapted for coupling an end of the first rail to an end of the second rail, and a connector adapted to attach a PV module to the first rail. Another embodiment provides a PV module including a PV laminate, a frame integral with and supporting the PV laminate, and a spanner bar adapted to solely span a width of the PV module, orthogonally connect at various locations along the frame, and attach to a support structure. A further embodiment provides a coupling device for a PV module comprising a first coupling portion adapted to rotatably engage a PV module, and a second coupling portion adapted to rotatably engage a rail.

A photovoltaic / thermal solar panel is presented which contains no glazing above the photovoltaic array. The absence of glazing allows the photovoltaic cells to operate at a lower temperature and therefore at a higher efficiency. In addition, the absence of glazing allows the present invention PV / T panel to be used to provide nighttime cooling for a building. The panel is constructed by adhering an aluminum heat transfer plate to the rear of the PV array in the panel using a silicone adhesive. PEX tubing is inserted into channels integrally formed into the back of the heat transfer plate again using silicone or other heat-conductive compound.

The invention discloses a multipurpose solar energy power generating system. Solar energy battery board assemblies are mutually connected in series or in parallel to form a photovoltaic array; the multipurpose solar energy power generating system is connected to a power grid by a grid-connected inverter module; the grid-connected inverter module comprises a grid-connected inverter unit, a maximumpower point tracking control unit and a power grid state detecting unit, wherein the power grid state detecting unit can detect power grid operation state in real time and cuts off the connection of the grid-connected inverter module and the power grid when the power grid operation state is abnormal so as to prevent islanding; the grid-connected inverter module is also connected with an intelligent charger in parallel on the connection end with the power grid and is connected to a storage battery by the intelligent charger so as to charge the storage battery; the intelligent charger is also connected with an off-grid inverter in parallel on the connection end with the storage battery; and the off-grid inverter is used for supplying electricity for AC load. The solar energy power generatingsystem can be suitable for grid-connected power generation of various normal and abnormal situations on the power grid and has strong system robustness and fault tolerance.

The invention relates to a photovoltaic assembly inclination angle and array pitch cross feedback multi-factor comprehensive calculation method, which sequentially comprises the following four steps including (1) assembly inclination angle preliminary calculation; (2) array pitch preliminary calculation; (3) array pitch optimization; and (4) assembly inclination angle optimization. The comprehensive calculation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the shadow loss of an assembly in the whole year time, the direct current cable consumption of a photovoltaic power generation unit, the direct current cable wire loss and the photovoltaic array occupied area are comprehensively considered, the optimal inclination angle of the assembly and the fore-and-aft pitch of arrays are determined, and in addition, the comprehensive calculation method capable of reasonably determining the assembly inclination angle and the array pitch for pursuing the power generation benefit maximization is provided.

The invention discloses a system and method for multi-energy convergence coordinated control. The system for multi-energy convergence coordinated control comprises a direct current bus, a first alternating current / direct current converter, a second alternating current / direct current converter, a bi-directional direct current / direct current converter, a third alternating current / direct current converter, a coordinating controller, a current / voltage detection device, a direct current / direct current converter capable of being externally connected with a direct-current load, and a direct current / alternating current converter capable of being externally connected with an alternating current load, wherein the coordinating controller can be used for receiving data information transmitted by the current / voltage detection device to generate corresponding voltage control signals and transmits the signals respectively to the corresponding first alternating current / direct current converter, the second alternating current / direct current converter, the bi-directional direct current / direct current converter, the third alternating current / direct current converter, the direct current / direct current converter and the direct current / alternating current converter. The system and method for multi-energy convergence coordinated control can carry out convergence control on input multiple paths of alternating current / direct current power supplies, coordinates voltage conversion modules of the power supplies by utilizing the coordinating controller, adjusts the voltage method of the direct current bus, tracks the maximum power point of a photovoltaic array, and lowers operating cost.

A device for irrigating soil has a chassis having wheels or tracks for motion, the chassis having one or more water sprinklers with streams directed at the soil, a water storage tank, and a sloped catchment surface having one or more sloped planes or curved surfaces for receiving water from a refill station into the water storage tank, wherein, under the control of an electronic circuit, the irrigation device can refill the water tank by positioning any part of the catchment surface under a water stream from the refill station. A method has the steps of measuring soil moisture at remote locations, refilling the mobile robot using a gravity feed water stream, defining a route for distribution of water, traversing the irrigation routes, refilling water according to soil moisture measurements, storing photovoltaic energy in a battery, and rotating, to a compass heading such that the photovoltaic array is optimally oriented.

The invention provides a control method of a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with a power quality adjustment function. The control method aims at allowing grid-connected power generation of the inverter to have reactive compensation and harmonic compensation capacity. The control method is characterized by comprising the steps of constructing a two-phase rest frame by utilizing an improved SOGI-QSG (Second-Order Generalized Integrator-Quadrature Signal Generator), quickly detecting a reactive current component and a harmonic current component in a load, synthesizing to-be-compensated reactive current and harmonic current with active current obtained by a photovoltaic array, forming reference current output by the inverter, selecting a recombination current controller combining a quasi-ratio resonance controller PR and a non-ideal resonance controller according to the formed reference current, controlling a fundamental component of current of the load and to-be-compensated harmonic current of the inverter, and then obtaining a control signal of a switching tube of the inverter. Therefore, reactive compensation and harmonic compensation functions are provided during the grid-connected power generation of the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.

An interconnected arrangement of photovoltaic cells is achieved using laminating current collector electrodes. The electrodes comprise a pattern of conductive material extending over a first surface of sheetlike substrate material. The first surface comprises material having adhesive affinity for a selected conductive surface. Application of the electrode to the selected conductive surface brings the first surface of the sheetlike substrate into adhesive contact with the conductive surface and simultaneously brings the conductive surface into firm contact with the conductive material extending over first surface of the sheetlike substrate. Use of the laminating current collector electrodes allows facile and continuous production of expansive area interconnected photovoltaic arrays.

The present invention is directed toward a solar power system including an array of photovoltaic panels. The photovoltaic array may include a first module electrically coupled to an AC load and a second module electrically coupled to a DC load. The array may be reconfigured such that individual panels may be transferred from the first module to the second module, and vice versa. The arrays may generate power that is selectively distributed to direct current and alternating current power loads. The system further includes a power management device effective to maximize the power generation of the second module.

The invention discloses an MPPT calculation strategy and a control method and a photovoltaic array power generation system. The MPPT control method achieves the maximum power output of a photovoltaic array through a variable step size perturbation and observation method, both the static performance and dynamic performance of the system are achieved, and the system has adaptability.

The invention relates to a photovoltaic array fault diagnosis method and device based on spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. A photovoltaic output time component and a spatial component are calculated and obtained by a time and spatial distribution function for the photovoltaic array output starting from the historical operation data and the historical environment data of a photovoltaic power plant, the components are used as a training data set, a probabilistic neural network is trained by the training data set, a photovoltaic array fault diagnosis model is obtained, a time functionand a spatial function for photovoltaic branch output are established to effectively describe the distribution law of string current under different fault conditions, the photovoltaic power station DCside array fault diagnosis method established based on the probabilistic neural network is high in diagnosis precision, and finally, branch current data are inputted to the photovoltaic array fault diagnosis model to realize diagnosis of multiple types of fault, and the existing data of the actual project can be fully utilized effectively.

The invention discloses an azimuth control apparatus, photovoltaic power generation equipment, a microgrid system and a control method. The microgrid system comprises the photovoltaic power generationequipment, an energy storage system, a concentrated controller and a gateway apparatus, wherein the photovoltaic power generation equipment is used for converting the received optical energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is used for supplying power for a load or being connected to a mains supply network, wherein the light receiving surface of a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power generation equipment can track the sun direction according to the calculated sun trajectory so as to receive more illumination as far as possible; the energy storage system is used for performing storage, regulation and control on the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation equipment; the concentrated controller is used for monitoring the operating conditions of various equipment in the microgrid system and controlling equipment operation according to the monitored results; and the gateway apparatus is used for enabling the microgrid to be connected to the mainssupply network or to be disconnected from the mains supply network according to indication of the concentrated controller. By virtue of the microgrid system disclosed in the invention, power generation efficiency and intelligent degree can be improved.

An array of photovoltaic panels comprising a plurality of primary branches extending radially outwardly from a central trunk, and a plurality of photovoltaic panels joined to the primary branches, wherein the primary branches extend outwardly from the trunk in a spiral arrangement having a ratio of x turns around the trunk for every y primary branches. The ratio of x:y may be derived from a phyllotaxic arrangement of branches and leaves on a plant. X may be a Fibonacci number, with y being its Fibonacci second successor. The ratio of x / y may be selected from certain Fibonacci ratios, including 1 / 3, 2 / 5, 3 / 8, and 5 / 13. A method of converting electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy, and a method of making a device for converting electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy in accordance with the invention are also disclosed.

The invention provides a photovoltaic system DC side arc fault type identification and protection device. Through sampling a DC bus current signal of a photovoltaic system and employing the standard deviation to extract signal time-domain characteristics, wavelet analysis is carried out to extract signal frequency domain characteristics, and a time-frequency domain characteristic plane is established; presence of a fault arc at the certain time is detected based on the position of the signal at the characteristic plane, if the fault arc exists, through breaking a DC bus and sampling a photovoltaic array voltage signal, time-frequency characteristics of the voltage signal are extracted to establish a characteristic plane, and presence of a photovoltaic array fault arc is detected for another time to identify a fault arc type; if the voltage detection information has no fault arc signal, the series type fault arc occurs; if the voltage detection information has the fault arc signal, theparallel type fault arc occurs. The invention further provides a photovoltaic system arc fault protection device comprising a sampling unit, a data processing unit and a control unit, and damage of the photovoltaic system DC side fault arc to the system is substantially reduced.

The invention discloses a fault diagnosis method of a photovoltaic array. According to the method, fault diagnosis of the photovoltaic array is carried out on the basis of a multi-stage cluster support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The method comprises the steps as follows: (1) firstly, hierarchical cluster is carried out on various class centers of a training sample set; with similarity measurement of cluster analysis as a mean distance, the mean distance of front two classes in each stage is supposed to be the minimal; the other similarity measurement is in a similar way; and two samples with the minimal means are merged into one class; (2) secondly, the sample obtained from the step (1) is an SVW input and output sample; data samples are trained to obtain various stages of SVM modules, which comprise an SVM1, an SVM2 and an SVM3; and (3) finally, a data test sample is input into the trained SVM model; and hierarchical classification diagnosis is carried out to further determine the fault type of the system. The implementation process of the fault diagnosis method is simple, clear and easy to realize; fault diagnosis can be timely carried out; and operation maintenance of a photovoltaic system is facilitated.

A skirt for photovoltaic arrays provides a screen portion, a groove portion, and a separate coupling adapted to couple the skirt to the skirt of an adjacent photovoltaic array and to a photovoltaic module. Another embodiment provides a screen portion comprising an angled louver and is adapted to partially obscure an area substantially beneath a PV module in a PV array. A further embodiment provides an edge blocking skirt for a PV array comprising a screen portion adapted for mounting a bottom of the screen portion substantially close to a roof.

An MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control method based on particle swarm global optimization and conductance increment methods comprises the following steps that firstly, global tracking is carried out on the output power of a photovoltaic array through the particle swarm global optimization method, searching is carried out to obtain an approximate global maximum power point, and the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic array at the moment are sampled; secondly, according to the voltage and the current, obtained through sampling, of the photovoltaic array, the tracking speed is adjusted through the conductance increment method, and finally, the maximum power point is obtained through tracking. The particle swarm algorithm is used for carrying out global tracking, the conductance increment method is used for later optimization, and the defects in the process of tracking the maximum power point under the situation that part of the photovoltaic array is shaded are overcome.

The invention relates to a solar photovoltaic grid-connected system. The system comprises a grid-connected generation unit, a grid-connected inverter, a master controller, a bidirectional electric energy metering device, a distribution switch and an isolation transformer, wherein the grid-connected generation unit is connected with the grid-connected inverter; the grid-connected inverter is connected with the bidirectional electric energy metering device through the distribution switch; the bidirectional electric energy metering device is accessed to an alternating current power grid through the isolation transformer; and a safety protection device is arranged between the isolation transformer and the alternating current power grid. The grid-connected generation unit comprises at least two photovoltaic arrays, and each photovoltaic array is configured with a photovoltaic lightning-proof combiner box. The grid-connected inverter is connected with the master controller through an inversion control device arranged in the inverter; the isolation transformer is connected with the master controller through a transformer measurement and protection device arranged in the transformer; the bidirectional electric energy metering device and the distribution switch are also connected with the master controller. The master controller adopts a dual-core controller which includes a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

The invention relates to a photovoltaic array fault diagnosis method based on a K-SVD training sparse dictionary. Multiple groups of photovoltaic array normal, short circuit and open circuit current sample signals are acquired to construct training sample matrixes; each sample signal is subjected to normalization processing; a K-SVD algorithm is called to determine the row number N and the columnnumber M of the training sample matrix, the vocabulary K and the sparsity L of the sparse dictionary and the number of iterations n; a normal sample matrix, a short circuit sample matrix and an open circuit sample matrix are used to train a normal sparse dictionary, a short circuit sparse dictionary and an open circuit sparse dictionary; an OMP algorithm is called, the three sparse dictionaries are used to reconstruct detected sample signals respectively, and correlation coefficients between the three reconstructed signals and the detected sample signals are calculated; and according to the sizes of the correlation coefficients between the detected sample signals and the reconstructed signals of the sparse dictionaries, diagnosis and classification on photovoltaic array faults can be realized. Research experience and research ideas can be provided for photovoltaic fault diagnosis.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic array maximum power point sliding mode tracking control method and system. The maximum power point tracking control method for obtaining a switch control signal according to the output voltage and current of a photovoltaic array comprises the steps of conducting moving average filtering pretreatment on voltage and current signals to reduce the influence of sampling measurement interference on maximum power point tracking control precision and increase maximum power point tracking speed, calculating the value of a sliding mode function S2 based on incomplete partial differential, and conducting hysteresis on the switch control signal and obtaining the switch control signal u of 0 or 1 according to the relation between the value of S2 and a set value delta. According to the system, an incomplete partial differential-based sliding mode surface function calculating program and a hysteresis processing program are stored in a single-chip microcomputer, the equivalent load of a DC-DC conversion circuit is adjusted and controlled to be matched with the internal resistance of the photovoltaic array, the maximum power of the photovoltaic array is tracked quickly and precisely, the structure is simple, cost is low, and implementation is easy.

The invention discloses a secondary ripple reduction control system for photovoltaic grid-connected currents and direct current voltage. The secondary ripple reduction control system comprises a photovoltaic array, a PI controller, a grid-connected current controller, a secondary ripple controller and a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the grid-connected current controller comprises a low-pass filter used for integral control, a wave trap used for compensative regulation, and a PI+ repetitive controller, and the low-pass filter, the wave trap and the PI+ repetitive controller are connected in parallel; the secondary ripple controller comprises a proportion resonance controller. By the combination of a control method, secondary power disturbance in the photovoltaic grid-connected currents can be effectively eliminated, effective reduction of secondary ripple components in direct current side voltage and substantial improving of the grid-connected currents are achieved, needed direct current filter capacitance is greatly reduced, therefore the size of the system is reduced, cost is lowered, and meanwhile the service life of the photovoltaic array is prolonged.

The invention discloses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method of a currentless sensor, belonging to the technical field of new energy. In the method, because the ripple of voltages on a capacitor between a photovoltaic array and a convertor during the dynamic transition process comprises the information of the output power of the photovoltaic array, the variation direction of the output power of the photovoltaic array can be obtained by calculating the variation value of the voltages of the capacitor after two continuous MPPT periods so as to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array. Compared with the common MPPT method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the variation direction of the output power of the photovoltaic array can be judged without a current sensor, the maximum power point can be accurately tracked, the system cost is lowered, and the system reliability is improved, thereby having certain practical value. Thus, the method provided by the invention has wide application prospect in the aspect of new energy power generation, especially in solar power generation.

The invention discloses a method for tracking a maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system under the local shadow and relates to the technical field of automatic control. The method includes first setting a switching value on each side of a switching face for the detected output voltage Upv and output current Ipv of a photovoltaic array; judging the state by calculating a slip form switching function S according to a P-V characteristic curve of a solar battery, wherein m is a constant coefficient, is immediate power output by a photovoltaic battery and is the maximum power output by the photovoltaic battery under the standard state. The system enters slip form control when the switching face is switched to one value, and the system enters immune PID control when the switching face is switched to the other value. The method has the advantages of well achieving tracking control of the solar energy maximum power point when the solar battery is shielded, effectively improving system tracking speed and output efficiency and improving electric energy quality due to the fact that the output curve is smooth, and output vibration is reduced.