15231 results about "Solar battery" patented technology

The present invention generally provides an apparatus for processing a surface of a substrate in a physical vapor deposition (PVD) chamber that has a sputtering target that has separately biasable sections, regions or zones to improve the deposition uniformity. In general, aspects of the present invention can be used for flat panel display processing, semiconductor processing, solar cell processing, or any other substrate processing. In one aspect, each of the target sections of the multizone target assembly are biased at a different cathodic biases by use of one or more DC or RF power sources. In one aspect, each of the target sections of the multizone target assembly are biased at a different cathodic biases by use of one power source and one or more resistive, capacitive and/or inductive elements. In one aspect, the processing chamber contains a multizone target assembly that has one or more ports that are adapted deliver a processing gas to the processing region of the PVD chamber. In one aspect, the processing chamber contains a multizone target assembly that has one or more magnetron assemblies positioned adjacent to one or more of the target sections.

The object is to reliably detect a ground fault of a solar battery. To detect a ground fault position to take an efficient measure against the ground fault, DC power input from a solar battery is converted into AC power and supplied to a system. In a system interconnection inverter (utility connected inverter) having non-insulated input and output, the input voltage of a converter circuit and/or the intermediate voltage between the converter circuit and an inverter circuit are varied to control the potential to ground at each portion of the solar battery to a value other than a value close to zero.

AC module, integrating a solar battery and an inverter, can easily be connected with other plural AC modules in parallel by way of cascade connections. However, when the number of AC modules connected is improvidently increased, the current flowing through the current path or connector of the AC module exceeds a rated current. In view of this, the current detector detects a current in the collective-power current path of the AC module, and when the detected current value exceeds a value set in the reference current setting circuit, the current detector stops the inverter.

A plurality of solar cells is connected together in a shingled fashion. Each of the solar cells includes grid wires that are attached to an electrode of the solar cell so as to receive charge carriers produced when photons are absorbed by the solar cell. The grid wires are then interconnected with adjacent solar cells when the solar cells are shingled together. The grid wires may be applied to the solar cells via a laminate and the electrical interconnection of the grid wires may be achieved by the use of a conductive epoxy.

The invention relates to a nonpolar A side nitride film that comprises a silicon (102) underlay, metal layer which grows upon the silicon underlay sequentially, InGaAlN initial growth layer and the first InGaAlN buffer layer, it characterized in that: said silicon underlay is Si underlay which adopts the (102) side or offset angle. The nonpolar a side nitride film which grows on the silicon underlay can be used in LBD, laser, solar battery. The component extension configuration is adopted according to different component, for example the LBD and laser, and using the mature silicon craft further to produce relative diprosopia electrode component or peeling off component. The advantages of the invention are: the invention can increase the growth quality of nonpolar GaN base material, and decrease the cost; the craft of current component can be simplified greatly, the cost can be decreased, and increase the elimination efficiency and lightening efficiency greatly.

The invention discloses a weather-resistant and high thermal conductive coating, a radiating solar rear panel and an efficient solar cell panel. The weather-resistant and high thermal conductive coating consists of 10 to 50 parts of weather-resistant resin, 5 to 30 parts of curing agent, 0.1 to 5 parts of organic filler, 30 to 80 parts of inorganic filler, and 30 to 100 parts of solvent. The radiating solar rear panel comprises a base layer, and the weather-resistant and high thermal conductive coating is arranged on at least one surface of the base layer or arranged between the base layers. The efficient solar cell panel comprises a solar front panel and the radiating solar rear panel, a solar cell circuit is arranged between the solar front panel and the radiating solar rear panel, and an encapsulation material is arranged on one side or two sides of the solar cell circuit. The weather-resistant and high thermal conductive coating can be directly coated on a base material and has high binding power and an excellent thermal conductive effect, and the weather resistance of the coating meets the requirement of a solar module for the service life of over 25 years.

There is provided a backside protective sheet for a solar battery module that is excellent in strength as well as in various properties such as weathering resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind pressure resistance, hailstorm resistance, chemical resistance, moisture resistance, antifouling properties, light reflectivity, light diffusivity, and design, and is particularly excellent in the so-called “moisture resistance,” which is the ability to prevent the entry of moisture, oxygen and the like, and durability against performance degradation with time, particularly against hydrolytic degradation and the like, and is also excellent in protective capability. There is also provided a backside protective sheet for a solar battery module, which can facilitate inventory control by properly using the front side and back side of the protective sheet depending upon applications and is excellent in cost performance, and a solar battery module using the same. The backside protective sheet for a solar battery module comprises: a deposited assembly comprising a vapor-deposited film of an inorganic oxide provided on at least one side of a substrate; and a transparent or translucent heat-resistant polyolefin resin layer provided on both sides of the deposited assembly.

The invention discloses electric conductive silver paste and a manufacturing method of the electric conductive silver paste. The electric conductive silver paste comprises, by mass percentage, 35 - 65 % of micron-sized silver powder, 1-10 % of nanometer-sized silver powder of or 1-20 % of nanometer-sized silver and other metal alloy powder, and 1-10 % of an organic carrier; for ceramics, solar cell silver paste comprises 2-15 % of unleaded glass powder, each component is manufactured in parts, weighed, mixed and stirred or mixed and rapidly scattered, and ultrasonic-vibrated or fine adjusted of viscosity of solvent, and therefore the electric conductive silver paste is obtained. Due to the fact that the nanometer-sized silver powder or the nanometer-sized silver alloy powder is mixed with the micron-sized silver powder, intensity of conductivity and a circuit is improved, adhesive force of crushing resistance and a base plate is improved, at the same time unleaded slurry good in thixotropy, low in contacting resistance and low in piece-needed slurry amount replaces lead slurry materials, the electric conductive silver paste is used for manufacturing crystalline silicon solar cells, improves photoelectric conversion efficiency, accords with environmental-protection ideas, and can be produced in large scales continuously.

Different types of energy storage systems are described, in particular hydro-pneumatic storage systems. In one, energy is stored by compressing gas in a chamber (44,45,54,55) with a liquid piston and released by gas expansion. A spray head or grid at the top of the chamber (44,45,54,55) supplies liquid as a shower through the gas being compressed or expanding in the cylinder (11,12) to maintain an isothermal condition. In another, energy is stored from an array of solar cells connected to an array of supercapacitors forming an auxiliary storage, and a main energy storage device such as a hydro-pneumatic storage system, for supply to an AC or DC network. The efficiency is improved by connecting the solar cells via the array of supercapacitors to the AC or DC network. An immersed hydro-pneumatic storage device for off-shore/on-shore power generation systems comprises a cylinder that is immersed in a liquid mass, wherein energy is stored by compressing gas with a liquid piston and energy is released by gas expansion. The mass of liquid maintains an isothermal condition in the cylinder during compression and expansion.

The present invention provides a process for producing nano graphene platelets (NGPs) that are both dispersible and electrically conducting. The process comprises: (a) preparing a pristine NGP material from a graphitic material; and (b) subjecting the pristine NGP material to an oxidation treatment to obtain the dispersible NGP material, wherein the NGP material has an oxygen content no greater than 25% by weight. Conductive NGPs can find applications in transparent electrodes for solar cells or flat panel displays, additives for battery and supercapacitor electrodes, conductive nanocomposite for electromagnetic wave interference (EMI) shielding and static charge dissipation, etc.

The invention relates to an A-D-A conjugated molecule with dithiophene indacene as a core, and oligomerizing pentatomic aromatic heterocyclic rings as a bridging unit and electron withdrawing unit at the end, a preparation method thereof and an application of the molecule, as an active-layer electron donor or electron receptor material, in an organic solar battery. The A-D-A conjugated molecule can be processed by a solution method, has proper energy level, strong sunlight trapping capability and thermal stability, is an ideal material of the electron donor or the electron receptor in the organic solar battery, and has the following general-formula structure shown in the specification.

The invention relates to a method used for realizing large-scale preparation of monolayer oxidized graphene. The method comprises the following steps: oxidizing natural crystalline flake graphite by an oxidant to obtain oxidized graphite; after ultrasonic stripping, carrying out filtration to remove unreacted graphite and obtain the aqueous solution of oxidized graphene; and adding a flocculating agent to obtain oxidized graphene solid after settlement, filtration and drying. The method can easily separate the oxidized graphene solid from aqueous dispersion solution through flocculating settlement, thereby realizing large-scale preparation of graphene; moreover, the method has cheap and accessible raw materials, easy operation, simple process and good reproducibility, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. The monatomic oxidized graphene prepared by the method can be used as flake reinforced phase of composite materials to prepare materials with high mechanical property and barrier property; moreover, the oxidized graphene can also be used for preparing fingerprint collecting materials, and the like. Graphene, namely the reduction product of the oxidized graphene can be used for constructing two-dimensional photoelectron components such as nano computer chips, solar battery electrodes and field effect transistors and the like.

The present invention provides a thermoplastic film or sheet comprising two surface layers made of acid copolymers, or ionomers, or combinations thereof and at least one inner layer made of ethylene acrylate ester copolymers, a solar cell module comprising at least one encapsulant layer derived therefrom, and a process of manufacturing the solar cell module.

The present invention provides a dispersible and electrically conductive nano graphene platelet (NGP) material comprising at least a single-layer or multiple-layer graphene sheet, wherein the NGP material has an oxygen content no greater than 25% by weight and no less than 5% by weight. This NGP material can be produced by: (a) preparing a pristine NGP material from a graphitic material; and (b) subjecting the pristine NGP material to an oxidation treatment. Alternatively, the production process may comprise: (A) preparing a graphite oxide (GO) from a laminar graphite material; (b) exposing the GO to a first temperature for a first period of time to obtain exfoliated graphite; and (c) exposing the exfoliated graphite to a second temperature in a protective atmosphere for a second period of time. Conductive NGPs can find applications in transparent electrodes for solar cells or flat panel displays, additives for battery and supercapacitor electrodes, conductive nanocomposite for electromagnetic wave interference (EMI) shielding and static charge dissipation, etc.

To optimally arrange roofing material integrated solar battery modules having a rectangular form and same size on a roof setting surface, an arrangement range in which the solar battery modules can be arranged on the roof setting surface is determined. An arranging direction of the solar battery modules is determined. The number of solar battery modules which can be arranged almost horizontally in a line in the determined arranging direction and within the arrangement range is calculated. Solar battery modules of a line in a number not more than the calculated number are combined to form a solar battery module group. The solar battery module groups are arranged to set a center of the solar battery module group within the determined arrangement range and near a line almost vertically dividing the surface into two parts. The above operations are repeated a number of times corresponding to the number of lines of solar battery module groups which can be vertically arranged in the determined arranging direction and within the arrangement range.

An electronic device module comprises:

• • A. At least one electronic device, e.g., a solar cell, and
  • B. A polymeric material in intimate contact with at least one surface of the electronic device, the polymeric material comprising an ethylene multi-block copolymer.

Typically, the polyolefin material is an ethylene multi-block copolymer with a density of less than about 0.90 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc). The polymeric material can fully encapsulate the electronic device, or it can be laminated to one face surface of the device. Optionally, the polymeric material can further comprise a scorch inhibitor, and the copolymer can remain uncrosslinked or it can be crosslinked.

A transparent conductive multi-layer structure having a smooth base material 1, a transparent conductive layer 2 formed on the smooth base material 1 by coating, an auxiliary electrode layer 3 formed in a pattern on the transparent conductive layer 2, and a transparent substrate 5 joined to the transparent conductive layer 2 and auxiliary electrode layer 3 through an adhesive layer 4. On a smooth peeled-off surface of the transparent conductive layer 2 from which the smooth base material 1 has been peeled off, various devices are formed to set up devices such as a dye-sensitized solar cell and an organic electroluminescent device.

A solar cell includes a conductive substrate, and an insulating layer, a conducting layer and a semiconductor layer that are disposed on the substrate. A through hole is formed so as to penetrate the insulating layer and the conducting layer, and the through hole is filled with a semiconductor that composes the semiconductor layer. At least one element selected from the elements composing the conductive substrate diffuses into the semiconductor with which the through hole is filled.

Apparatus and Method for Optimizing the Efficiency of Germanium Junctions in Multi-Junction Solar Cells. In a preferred embodiment, an indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) nucleation layer is disposed between the germanium (Ge) substrate and the overlying dual-junction epilayers for controlling the diffusion depth of the n-doping in the germanium junction. Specifically, by acting as a diffusion barrier to arsenic (As) contained in the overlying epilayers and as a source of n-type dopant for forming the germanium junction, the nucleation layer enables the growth time and temperature in the epilayer device process to be minimized without compromising the integrity of the dual-junction epilayer structure. This in turn allows the arsenic diffusion into the germanium substrate to be optimally controlled by varying the thickness of the nucleation layer. An active germanium junction formed in accordance with the present invention has a typical diffused junction depth that is ⅕ to ½ of that achievable in prior art devices. Furthermore, triple-junction solar cells incorporating a shallow n-p germanium junction of the present invention can attain 1 sun AM0 efficiencies in excess of 26%.

There are provided a silicon-film-forming composition containing silicon particles and a dispersion medium and a method for forming a silicon film by forming a coating film of the silicon-film-forming composition on a substrate and subjecting the coating film to instantaneous fusion, a heat treatment or a light treatment. According to the composition and the method, a polysilicon film with a desired thickness which may be used as a silicon film for a solar battery can be formed efficiently and easily.

The invention relates to a method for preparing continuous graphen/zinc oxide composite structure in large area, which belongs to the preparation field of the novel nanometer material, and is applicable to the fields such as sensor, solar panel, novel nanometer part and the like. The method comprises the following three steps that: first step: uniformly dispersing graphen or graphene oxide in liquid phase; second step: utilizing a hydrothermal process to ensure the zinc oxide nanometer structure and the graphen two-dimensional sheet to form a continuous structure in a three-dimensional space; third step: transferring the prepared composite structure onto a substrate to be dried. The method has simple process and low device requirement since the composite structure is synthesized in the solution; the process repeatability is strong, and the process parameter can be well controlled; the prepared graphen/zinc oxide composite structure has large area and is continuous, the generated zinc oxide nanometer sheet layer, nanometer particle and nanometer line are connected with each other and intersected with each other under the effect of the graphen so as to form a continuous porous structure in the three-dimensional space.

A solar cell includes an improved anti-reflection (AR) coating provided on an incident glass substrate. In certain example embodiments, the AR coating includes a layer comprising porous silica. The porous nature of the silica inclusive layer permits the refractive index (n) of the silica inclusive layer to be reduced, thereby decreasing reflection and permitting more radiation to make its way to the active layer(s) of the solar cell. In certain example embodiments, a coating solution may be formed by mixing a colloidal silica solution and a polymeric silica solution, then applying the coating solution to a substrate and curing the same in order to form an AR coating.

The invention relates to a heterojunction solar battery with an electroplate electrodes and a preparation method. The heterojunction solar battery with the electroplate electrodes and the preparation method are characterized in that a metal gate wire is arranged on a transparent single surface conducting layer or a transparent dual-surface conducting layer, and at least comprises a metal seed layer arranged on a transparent conducting layer, and metal electrodes sequentially arranged on the metal seed layer, wherein the metal electrodes at least sequentially comprise the combination of one layer, two layers or three layers among the metal layers mentioned as follows: a metal adhesion layer, a metal conducting layer and a metal welding layer, and the metal conducting layer is essentially included in the combination. The heterojunction solar battery with the electroplate electrodes and the preparation method provide the method for the heterojunction solar battery metal electrodes, have the advantages of being low in cost, and match with a prior preparation technology of a heterojunction with intrinsic thin film (HIT) solar battery.

An encapsulating material for solar cell containing a laminated adhesive and heat resistant layer (A) and a buffering layer (B), wherein a difference in flexural modulus between the heat resistant layer (A) and the buffering layer (B) is at least 30 MPa or more, is provided. The adhesive and heat resistant layer (A) is preferably an olefin polymer (a) having a melting point (according to JIS K7121) of 75° C. or higher and having a storage elastic modulus at 150° C. of 10³ Pa or more and the buffering layer (B) is preferably an olefin polymer (d) having a stiffness of 100 MPa or less. The encapsulating material for solar cell can provide superior transparency, flexibility, heat resistance and adhesiveness and can remarkably improve production efficiency of a solar cell module even when no organic peroxide is used. The encapsulating material can also exhibit a performance capable of corresponding to the thickness reduction of the solar cell element even when an organic peroxide is used. A solar cell module containing the encapsulating material is also provided.