841 results about "Auxiliary electrode" patented technology

An OLED display panel and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. In the OLED display panel, the first auxiliary electrode and the second auxiliary electrode arranged at intervals are arranged in the source-drain layer, the third auxiliary electrode is arranged above the first auxiliary electrode and the second auxiliary electrode, and the third auxiliary electrode covers and connects the first auxiliary electrode and the second auxiliary electrode, which can alleviate the problem of uneven display brightness in different regions on the OLED display panel caused by the large impedance of the first cathode.

A display device includes: a substrate including a light emitting area and a non-light emitting area; an anode electrode on the light emitting area of the substrate; a pixel defining layer on the non-light emitting area of the substrate and defining a first opening; a first auxiliary electrode on the pixel defining layer; a light emitting layer on the anode electrode and spaced apart from the first auxiliary electrode; a cathode electrode on the light emitting layer and the first auxiliary electrode; a cathode capping layer on the cathode electrode; a spacer on the cathode capping layer and defining a second opening; and a second auxiliary electrode on the cathode capping layer and the spacer.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a display panel and a preparation method thereof and a display device.The display panel comprises a substrate, a first electrode, an auxiliary electrode, a pixel defining layer and an isolation structure, the first electrode is located on one side of the substrate, and the auxiliary electrode is at least in contact with the edge of the first electrode; the pixel defining layer is provided with a plurality of first openings exposing the auxiliary electrodes and / or the first electrodes. The isolation structure comprises a second opening, and the vertical projection of the first electrode on the substrate is located in the vertical projection of the second opening on the substrate. According to the scheme, the first electrode is contracted in the second opening defined by the isolation structure, the auxiliary electrode provides the electric signal for the first electrode, and the flatness of the pixel defining layer and the isolation structure can be improved.

The invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-based composite oxygen evolution anode for alkalescent electrolyte. According to the invention, nickel-based alloy is used as substrates, two same substrates are respectively used as a working electrode and an auxiliary electrode, two-electrode system electrochemical oxidation reduction treatment at room temperature is carried out in a mixed solution of phosphate, carbonate and chloride, and two reconstructed nickel-based composite oxygen evolution electrodes are obtained at the same time. In the electrochemical oxidation process, nickel ions and other metal (Fe, Co, Cr and Mn) ions are dissolved out from the nickel-based alloy under the etching assistance of chloride ions; in the electrochemical reduction process, water on the electrode is reduced to form hydroxyl. Under continuous oxidation reduction, substance reconstruction is carried out to generate a composite catalyst layer of phosphate, carbonate and hydroxide of nickel and other metals, so that not only can the oxygen evolution activity be improved, but also metal dissolution and corrosion passivation when the catalyst is used in a weakly alkaline solution can be inhibited, and the durability of the electrode is greatly improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and relates to a preparation method of a metal surface lattice passivation corrosion-resistant film, which comprises the following steps of: polishing and cleaning a metal surface, constructing a three-electrode system, and applying cathode voltage to the metal to carry out surface modification treatment so as to realize metal surface lattice reconstruction, thereby obtaining the metal surface lattice passivation corrosion-resistant film. A compact adsorption layer of corrosion inhibition molecules is formed; the three-electrode system comprises metal as a working electrode, a platinum sheet as an auxiliary electrode and silver / silver chloride or saturated calomel as a reference electrode. According to the method, metal surface lattice reconstruction is achieved through cathode voltage treatment, the technical thought of traditional anodic oxidation is subverted, the passive film forms a regular lattice structure, defects in the film are greatly reduced, permeation of a corrosion medium is effectively blocked, and the corrosion resistance of metal is remarkably improved.

A display device includes a bank layer disposed on an emission area of a substrate and comprising at least one metal layer; a pixel defining layer disposed on the bank layer and defining an opening; and a light-emitting element disposed on the pixel defining layer and comprising a light-emitting layer, a cathode electrode, and an auxiliary electrode. The bank layer includes a first side surface facing a non-emission area of the substrate; and a tip portion protruding further toward the non-emission area than the first side surface. A portion of the tip portion of the bank layer facing the non-emission area is inclined in a direction intersecting the substrate.

The invention provides a flexible electrochemical sensor, a preparation method and application. The flexible electrochemical sensor comprises a flexible substrate, three electrodes, a conductive strip, an external wire and a multi-cavity polypyrrole film, the three electrodes comprise a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode and are printed on the flexible substrate; the conductive strip is connected with the three electrodes, the conductive strip is packaged through an insulating tape, and only working areas of the three electrodes are exposed; the external wire is pasted on the conductive strip through conductive silver adhesive. The multi-cavity polypyrrole film is modified on the surface of the working electrode. The technical problems that existing equipment is insufficient in portability, cannot meet the requirements of on-site rapid screening and real-time analysis of large-batch samples, and is difficult to realize on-site mobile detection are solved. The invention provides a feasible technical means for portable, mobile and on-site rapid detection of high-harm heavy metal ions such as Hg < 2 + > and Cd < 2 + >, and the method is simple to operate and extremely low in cost.

A display device includes a substrate including a light-emitting area and a non-light-emitting area, a pixel-defining layer at the non-light-emitting area, and defining a first opening, a bank layer above the pixel-defining layer, and defining a second opening, an auxiliary electrode above the bank layer, and entirely covering the bank layer, a first cathode electrode at the light-emitting area, and contacting the auxiliary electrode, and a first quantum dot layer above the first cathode electrode.

The invention relates to a microfluidic reactor for electrocatalytic determination of chemical oxygen demand, and belongs to the field of environmental monitoring. In the reactor, to-be-detected samples are injected from a sample inlet positioned at the front end of a liquid inlet and flow into the reactor formed by stacking three layers of components from the liquid inlet below along with electrolyte, and the to-be-detected samples positioned at different horizontal heights turn along with liquid flow and finally reach the surface of a planar anode at the bottom under the action of a pinch plate distributed with a micro cone group; and the water flows upwards through a hole in one end of the top side of the buckle plate, passes through the auxiliary electrode with the hole and finally flows out of the electrolytic tank through a water outlet in the top. Organic matters in the to-be-detected sample are subjected to electrochemical oxidation reaction under the action of the catalyst on the surface of the planar anode at the bottom of the reactor, and a generated electric signal is used for quantitatively determining the chemical oxygen demand of the to-be-detected water sample. In the invention, the pinch plate distributed with the micro cone group can strengthen organic matters to break through stable horizontal laminar mass transfer, so that the organic matters in the sample to be detected fully reach the surface of the plane anode to generate electrochemical oxidation reaction, thereby improving electric signals and lower limit of detection. According to the characteristics, a more stable and accurate electric signal can be obtained when the reactor is used for measuring the chemical oxygen demand, and the linear range of the measurement is widened, so that the efficient and accurate measurement of the chemical oxygen demand in a sample to be measured is realized.

A display device is provided. A display device includes a pixel electrode above a substrate, a pixel-defining layer above the substrate, and having a portion above the pixel electrode, an emissive layer above the pixel electrode, a common electrode above the emissive layer, a first bank above the pixel-defining layer, a second bank above the first bank, and protruding beyond a side surface of the first bank, and an auxiliary electrode above the pixel-defining layer.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material and coating performance detection, and particularly relates to a high-pressure hydrogen permeation testing device and method.The testing device comprises a gas phase system and an electrochemical testing system, and the gas phase system comprises a high-pressure kettle, a hydrogen cylinder, a nitrogen cylinder and a vacuum treatment device; the autoclave is sealed and communicated with the hydrogen cylinder, the nitrogen cylinder and the vacuum treatment device; a first test port is formed in the upper part of the autoclave; the electrochemical testing system comprises an electrochemical workstation and an electrolytic tank; the electrolytic tank is connected to the upper part of the autoclave; the electrolytic tank is provided with a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode, the lower part of the electrolytic tank is provided with a second test port, and the first test port and the second test port are connected with closed rubber rings and jointly clamp a sample to be tested through the closed rubber rings; the electrochemical workstation is electrically connected with the auxiliary electrode, the reference electrode and the to-be-tested sample, so that the service condition of the to-be-tested sample can be accurately simulated, the hydrogen permeation process in the actual working condition can be more truly reflected, and the accuracy of a hydrogen permeation test experiment is improved.

The invention provides a symmetrical clamped micro-beam electric power sensing device based on MEMS resonators, and belongs to the technical field of MEMS sensing. The sensing device comprises a sensing assembly. The sensing assembly comprises a vibration beam, an excitation electrode, a tuning electrode and an auxiliary electrode. The two ends of the vibration beam in the axial direction of the vibration beam are connected with the auxiliary electrodes, and the exciting electrodes and the tuning electrodes are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the vibration beam and arranged on the same side of the vibration beam. Excitation voltage is applied to the excitation electrode so that the excitation electrode can excite the vibration beam to generate resonance. Tuning voltage is applied to the tuning electrode so that the tuning electrode can adjust the rigidity of the vibration beam according to the environment temperature, and the thermal power corresponding to the heat source can be inverted. The two sensing assemblies are arranged in a central symmetry mode, so that interference of electrostatic fields generated by the excitation electrodes and the tuning electrodes corresponding to different vibration beams can be weakened mutually. According to the invention, high-precision power inversion in a wide temperature range can be realized.

The invention discloses a method for reducing impurity element sulfur in cast high-temperature alloy return scraps, and belongs to the technical field of metal material smelting. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out vacuum induction melting on pretreated cast high-temperature alloy return scraps of the same mark to obtain a return scrap alloy induction ingot; surface oxide skin of the obtained return scrap alloy induction ingot is removed, a primary shrinkage cavity in the upper end is cut off, then the return scrap alloy induction ingot and an auxiliary electrode are coaxially welded, and a consumable electrode is obtained; and after the consumable electrode is baked, electroslag remelting is conducted under the protective atmosphere, and an electroslag ingot is obtained. On the basis of vacuum induction melting, the protective atmosphere electroslag remelting technology is further adopted for conducting deep purification melting treatment on the return scrap alloy ingot, the content of the impurity element S in the return scrap alloy ingot can be reduced to 0.5 ppm or below, and the content of the impurity element S in the return scrap alloy ingot reaches the level lower than the content of the element S in a new material; and the high-temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy can be obviously improved, and the fatigue, durability and other mechanical properties of the alloy are improved.

An electronic device includes a display layer including a display area and a non-display area adjacent to the display area and a sensor layer on the display layer. The sensor layer includes a plurality of first electrodes arranged in a first direction, a plurality of second electrodes arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction and intersecting the first electrodes, a plurality of first auxiliary electrodes arranged in the first direction and overlapping the first electrodes, a plurality of second auxiliary electrodes arranged in the second direction and overlapping the second electrodes, and an auxiliary trace line electrically connected to at least one second auxiliary electrode among the second auxiliary electrodes. At least a portion of the auxiliary trace line overlaps the display area.

The invention provides a display panel, a preparation method thereof and a display device. The display panel comprises a substrate, a pixel defining layer, a light emitting device, an auxiliary electrode and an isolation structure. A first groove is formed in the side, away from the substrate, of the pixel limiting layer, and a protruding structure is formed between the first groove and the pixel opening at intervals. The light emitting device includes a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode stacked in this order on a substrate. The auxiliary electrode is at least partially located in the first groove and is connected with the second electrode. The isolation structure is located in the first groove in the pixel limiting block and arranged on the side, away from the pixel limiting layer, of the auxiliary electrode, and a second groove is jointly formed between the side face of the isolation structure and the side face of the first groove. Normal display of the display panel can be ensured, and the problem of insufficient packaging of the isolation structure can be solved.

The utility model discloses an electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device and an ammonia fuel engine, and relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, the electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device comprises a jet device, an auxiliary electrode, a spark plug and an ammonia sprayer, the jet device comprises a jet device main body and a jet nozzle, and the jet device main body is connected with the jet nozzle to form a pre-combustion chamber; the pre-combustion chamber is communicated with the main combustion chamber; the auxiliary electrode comprises a pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode and a main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode, the auxiliary electrode is connected with the control unit through an electrical circuit, and an electric field is formed in the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber; the spark plug is electrically connected with the control unit through an electrical circuit; and the ammonia spraying device is used for spraying ammonia gas into the pre-combustion chamber through a nozzle outlet of the ammonia spraying device, the ammonia gas is fully mixed with air in the pre-combustion chamber, the mixed gas is ignited at an ignition electrode of the spark plug under the action of an electric field, and the ammonia mixed gas in the main combustion chamber is ignited. Electric field combustion supporting is applied to the jet ignition device, and the combustion reaction rate and the flame propagation speed are increased.

The invention discloses a hexachlorophenol electrochemical sensor built based on NiFe-coated C / MoO3 and a preparation method and application thereof.The hexachlorophenol electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a reference electrode, the working electrode is a NiFe-coated C / MoO3 modified electrode and is composed of a glassy carbon electrode and a NiFe-coated C / MoO3 composite material modified on the glassy carbon electrode, the auxiliary electrode is a NiFe-coated C / MoO3 modified electrode, and the reference electrode is a NiFe-coated C / MoO3 modified electrode. The NiFe (at) C / MoO3 composite material comprises a NiFe (at) C framework and MoO3 loaded on the NiFe (at) C framework, and the NiFe (at) C framework is formed by embedding NiFe bimetal nanoparticles into a porous carbon framework. The preparation method comprises the steps of synthesis of MoO3, synthesis of NiFe C, preparation of the modified electrode and preparation of the electrochemical sensor. The hexachlorophenol electrochemical sensor disclosed by the invention can be used for direct electrochemical detection without derivatization, and is high in selectivity, portable at low cost, ultrahigh in sensitivity and good in application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of commercial kitchen oil fume purification, in particular to a purification system and purification method of a commercial oil fume purification all-in-one machine, and the purification system comprises an electric field monitoring unit, a self-adaptive regulation and control unit and a prediction maintenance unit, an electric field monitoring unit collects electric field intensity data of parallel polar plates through a distributed non-contact sensor array, injects spatial position codes to generate a three-dimensional matrix, and combines a polarization drift feature analysis method to identify a local abnormal region and generate an abnormal feature vector; the self-adaptive regulation and control unit dynamically modulates high-voltage power supply output parameters based on the vector, converges the field intensity of an abnormal area to a safety range, stabilizes an edge electric field synchronously through an edge auxiliary electrode array, and the prediction maintenance unit constructs an oil contamination accumulation prediction model by combining the electric field abnormal accumulation duration and the diffusion trend; and when the risk reaches a threshold value, gradient depressurization cleaning in a low-load period is triggered, the problems of unstable purification efficiency and untimely maintenance are solved, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced.

The invention relates to a device and a method for preparing a blended yarn with ionized substance arrays in high-orientation uniform distribution. The device comprises a fiber web transmission device, an array ionization device, a variable current coil assembly, an annular auxiliary electrode and a constant current coil assembly, the fiber web conveying device comprises a plurality of conveying rollers and a conveying web curtain, and the conveying web curtain surrounds the conveying rollers to form a hollow cavity. The array ionization device is positioned below the fiber web transmission device; the variable current coil assembly is positioned below the array ionization device and comprises a first cylindrical iron core and a first coil; the annular auxiliary electrode is positioned between the micron fiber net and the array ionization device; the constant current coil assembly is located in the hollow cavity and comprises a second cylindrical iron core and a second coil. According to the method, the movement path of the ionized substance array can be effectively controlled, disordered movement and mutual interference of the ionized substance array are avoided, and the ionized substance array can be uniformly embedded into the micron fiber net in a high-orientation mode.

The invention discloses a titanium and titanium alloy vacuum consumable electric arc furnace smelting method in the technical field of metallurgy. The titanium and titanium alloy vacuum consumable electric arc furnace smelting method comprises the following steps that an electrode block with the preset size and density is machined; an electrode bar formed by splicing the electrode blocks is put into a vacuum arc welding box to be vacuumized; argon is filled, argon filling is stopped when the preset pressure is reached, and standing is maintained for the preset duration; argon is continuously filled, the pressure in the welding box reaches a preset range, electrode bar welding is conducted, and cooling is conducted for a preset duration after electrode bar welding is completed; the welded electrode bar and the prepared auxiliary electrode are placed in a VAR furnace for butt welding, and the self-consuming machine after butt welding is cooled for a preset time length; primary smelting; carrying out secondary smelting; after the electrode blocks are spliced and placed in a vacuum arc welding box, argon with preset pressure is filled, and standing is carried out for preset time, so that it is guaranteed that the argon can penetrate into the electrodes, oxidation in the welding process is reduced, ingot inclusion is reduced, and the surface quality is improved.

Disclosed are a display panel, a manufacturing method therefor, and a display apparatus. The display panel comprises: a base substrate (10); a padding layer (20) arranged at one side of the base substrate (10); a thin film transistor structure layer (30) arranged at one side of the base substrate (10); a planar layer (40) arranged at the side of the thin film transistor structure layer (30) away from the base substrate (10); an organic electroluminescent device (50) arranged at the side of the planar layer (40) away from the base substrate (10), the organic electroluminescent device (50) comprising an anode (51), an effective light emission layer (52), and a cathode (53) in a layered arrangement; an auxiliary electrode (60) arranged on the side of the thin film transistor structure layer (30) away from the base substrate (10); and an ineffective light emission layer (521).

A display panel includes: a base substrate, a pixel defining layer, light-emitting portions, an electrode layer, a metal repelling portion, and an auxiliary electrode layer. The pixel defining layer includes opening regions and dams. The light-emitting portions are in the opening regions. The electrode layer is on the side of the light-emitting portions facing away from the base substrate. The metal repelling portion is on the side of the electrode layer facing away from the base substrate and in the opening regions. The auxiliary electrode layer is on the side of the pixel defining layer facing away from the base substrate, and includes auxiliary electrode portions located in the region where the dams are located. The auxiliary electrode portions are in contact with third portions of the electrode layer, and the material of the metal repelling portion and the material of the auxiliary electrode layer repel each other.

A display device includes an auxiliary electrode disposed on a substrate, a bank layer disposed on the auxiliary electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the auxiliary electrode, the conductive layer including a base portion and protrusions protruded from the base portion, an organic layer disposed on the conductive layer, and a cathode electrode disposed on the organic layer, the cathode electrode being in contact with the protrusions.

The present application provides a display panel and a manufacturing method therefor, and a display apparatus. The display panel comprises a substrate, a pixel defining layer, light-emitting devices, auxiliary electrodes and isolation structures. First grooves are formed in the side of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate, and the spacing between each first groove and each pixel opening forms a protruding structure. Each light-emitting device comprises a first electrode, a light-emitting layer and a second electrode which are sequentially stacked on the substrate. Each auxiliary electrode is at least partially located in the corresponding first groove and connected to the corresponding second electrode. Each isolation structure is located in the corresponding first groove in a corresponding pixel defining block and arranged on the side of the corresponding auxiliary electrode away from the pixel defining layer, and a second groove is formed between the side surface of the isolation structure and the side surface of the corresponding first groove. Normal display of the display panel can be ensured, and the problem of insufficient packaging of the isolation structure can be solved.

A device, method, and equipment for improving the electroplating uniformity in wafer electroplating. The device includes an electroplating component and an electroplating rate adjustment component. The electroplating component includes an electroplating head, an electroplating tank, an anode metal and a power supply. The electroplating rate adjustment component includes an auxiliary electrode assembly, a switching device and a control module. The auxiliary electrode assembly consists of auxiliary electrodes, a circuit resistor assembly and a support ring structure. The auxiliary electrode is set on the support ring structure, and when the auxiliary electrode is connected to the circuit resistor assembly, the support ring body can be controlled to lift or rotate, bringing the auxiliary electrode closer to or farther from the wafer notch, thereby adjusting the electroplating rate at the notch.

The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a CIOD-based noninvasive blood glucose detection sensor and method.The sensor comprises a multi-layer structure and comprises a first flexible polyimide substrate tightly attached to the skin, a temperature control assembly, a second flexible polyimide substrate and a glucose detection patch; the temperature control assembly comprises a temperature sensor and a heating wire and is used for thermally activating the skin; the glucose detection patch comprises three electrode areas filled with perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, wherein the first electrode area comprises a first sodium ion working electrode, a shared electrode and a detection working electrode; the second electrode region contains a sodium ion reference electrode; the third electrode area comprises a second sodium ion working electrode and an auxiliary electrode; the electrodes are connected through insulating coating wires; the shared electrode and the auxiliary electrode form an interstitial fluid extraction electrode pair, and the detection working electrode and the shared electrode form a glucose detector to detect a hydrogen peroxide signal generated by glucose oxidation; the first sodium ion working electrode, the second sodium ion working electrode and the sodium ion reference electrode form a sodium ion differential detector to calibrate a glucose signal. According to the novel noninvasive blood glucose detection sensor provided by the invention, efficient, noninvasive and portable blood glucose monitoring can be realized by combining thermal activation and differential self-calibration.

The utility model discloses a display panel and a display device. The display panel comprises a substrate (10), a first insulating layer (20), a first electrode layer (30), a light-emitting layer (40) and a second electrode layer (50). The first insulating layer (20) comprises a first insulating structure (21), and the included angle between the side face of the first insulating structure (21) and the first bottom face is an acute angle. The first electrode layer (30) comprises a first electrode (31) and an auxiliary electrode (32), the first electrode (31) covers a partial area of the first bottom surface, and the auxiliary electrode (32) at least covers the partial area of the first bottom surface and the side surface of the first insulation structure (21). The light-emitting layer (40) is located on the side, away from the substrate (10), of the first electrode layer (30). The second electrode layer (50) is located on the side, away from the substrate (10), of the light-emitting layer (40).

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material stress corrosion test, and relates to a deep sea simulation test device for dynamic and static loading process, the main structure of the deep sea simulation test device comprises a pressure-resistant test cabin, and a loading sample piece, a pressure-resistant reference electrode and an annular auxiliary electrode arranged in the pressure-resistant test cabin, the loading sample piece is completely arranged in the pressure-resistant test cabin, and the annular auxiliary electrode is arranged in the pressure-resistant reference electrode. An adapter is connected with a dynamic and static loading system after penetrating through a cabin to perform static or dynamic stress loading, a pressure-resistant electrochemical test system is adopted to perform electrochemical characterization, test or polarization potential application, and a multi-factor control system is adopted to control main deep sea environmental factors such as temperature, pressure and dissolved oxygen content. High-precision and high-reliability test data can be quickly obtained, and corrosion electrochemical behaviors in stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue processes of metal materials in a deep sea simulation environment can be more truly reflected; the method provides support for metal material in-situ slow strain rate stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue test in a deep sea simulation environment and electrochemical test and characterization in the process.

The invention discloses a cold region tunnel drainage pipe anti-crystallization system based on an alternating electric field. The cold region tunnel drainage pipe anti-crystallization system comprises a tunnel body, an annular blind pipe, a radial water guide pipe, a transverse drainage pipe, a conical sediment sedimentation tank and an electric field generation device. The outer walls of the annular blind pipe and the radial water guide pipe are wrapped with titanium alloy net-shaped partition electrodes, alternating voltage with the phase difference of 90 degrees is output through the phase controller to form an alternating electric field, and salt ions are disturbed to inhibit crystal nucleus generation. The electrodes have a heating function, so that positive temperature in the pipe can be realized; auxiliary electrodes are arranged at connecting ports of the annular blind pipe, the radial water guide pipe and the transverse drainage pipe to fill the electric field blind area; the conical sediment sedimentation tank reduces sediment deposition through vibration desilting and an anti-crystallization coating. The system is linked with the temperature and conductivity sensors through the master controller, dynamically adjusts the electric field frequency and the heating power, and adapts to the high-salt and low-temperature working conditions in the cold region. The complex problems of whole-area crystallization prevention and low-temperature icing prevention of the tunnel drainage system in the cold region can be solved.

An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes: a substrate; first and second pixel electrodes on the substrate and spaced from each other; an insulating layer between the first and second pixel electrodes, the insulating layer covering ends of the first and second pixel electrodes, and having a step height difference; an auxiliary electrode on the insulating layer; first and second intermediate layers on the first and second pixel electrodes, the first and second intermediate layers being spaced from each other, and including first and second light-emitting layers, respectively; first and second opposite electrodes on the first and second intermediate layers, the first and second opposite electrodes being spaced from each other, and in contact with the auxiliary electrode; and first and second passivation layers on the first and second opposite electrodes, the first and second passivation layers being spaced from each other, and covering the first and second opposite electrodes, respectively.