1470 results about "Auxiliary electrode" patented technology

The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for improved electrochemical measurement of analytes. The preferred embodiments employ electrode systems including an analyte-measuring electrode for measuring the analyte or the product of an enzyme reaction with the analyte and an auxiliary electrode configured to generate oxygen and/or reduce electrochemical interferants. Oxygen generation by the auxiliary electrode advantageously improves oxygen availability to the enzyme and/or counter electrode; thereby enabling the electrochemical sensors of the preferred embodiments to function even during ischemic conditions. Interferant modification by the auxiliary electrode advantageously renders them substantially non-reactive at the analyte-measuring electrode, thereby reducing or eliminating inaccuracies in the analyte signal due to electrochemical interferants.

A minimally-invasive analyte detecting device and method for using the same. The system and method employ a device having an active electrode optionally coated with a substance, and a counter-electrode that is configured at least partially surround the active electrode. The configuration of the auxiliary electrode and active electrode improves the current flow through the device and increases the sensitivity of the device. When the device is placed against the patient's skin, the active electrode is adapted to enter through the stratum corneum of a patient to a depth less than a depth in the dermis at which nerve endings reside. An electric potential is applied to the active electrode and the analyte level is determined based on the amount of current or charge flowing through the device.

To provide a light emitting device high in reliability with a pixel portion having high definition with a large screen. According to a light emitting device of the present invention, on an insulator (24) provided between pixel electrodes, an auxiliary electrode (21) made of a metal film is formed, whereby a conductive layer (20) made of a transparent conductive film in contact with the auxiliary electrode can be made low in resistance and thin. Also, the auxiliary electrode (21) is used to achieve connection with an electrode on a lower layer, whereby the electrode can be led out with the transparent conductive film formed on an EL layer. Further, a protective film (32) made of a film containing hydrogen and a silicon nitride film which are laminated is formed, whereby high reliability can be achieved.

A sensor apparatus and a safety apparatus which can ensure significantly enhanced safety by monitoring constantly whether the sensor apparatus is operating normally. An auxiliary electrode plate of a small area is disposed in parallel and in opposition to an electrode plate with a short distance therefrom. A switching element is turned on every second for a period of milliseconds repetitively. When the switching element is turned on under the control of a central processing unit, the auxiliary electrode plate is connected to the ground potential, as a result of which a capacitance DELTAC effective between the auxiliary electrode plate and the electrode plate is electrically connected in parallel with a capacitor C0 effective between the electrode plate and a machine component, resulting in that the capacitance C0 is increased by a proportion corresponding to the capacitance DELTAC. Consequently, change of the capacitance C0 comparable to that brought about upon detection of the human body takes place, whereby a substantially similar detection signal as the human body detection signal is made available. On the basis of this detection signal, it is possible to monitor whether or not the sensor apparatus is operating normally.

Provided are an organic light emitting display device and a method for manufacturing the same. The organic light emitting display device includes a plurality of pixels, each including a set of sub pixels. Each of the sub pixels has an emissive area for emitting light and a transmissive area for passing the external light. At least two sub pixels are symmetrically arranged on each side of an auxiliary electrode, and share the auxiliary electrode.

Multi-phase RF ablation employing a two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrode array produces a multitude of currents paths on the surface of the ablation zone. This results in a uniform lesion with a size defined by the span of the electrode array. An orthogonal electrode catheter array suitable for cardiac ablation is used in conjunction with a two-phase RF power source to produce uniform square-shaped lesions of size 1.2 cm². Lesions of larger size are created by successive adjacent placement of the square-shaped lesions. A temperature sensor at the electrode tip allows monitoring of ablation temperature and regulation of thereof to minimize the electrode tips from being fouled by coagulum. In another embodiment, an external auxiliary electrode is used in combination with the catheter electrodes. This also produces lesions of greater depth. In yet another embodiment, ablation is performed with a sequence of elementary electrode-electrical configurations.

A non-volatile memory device may include at least one semiconductor layer, a plurality of control gate electrodes, a plurality of charge storage layers, at least one first auxiliary electrode, and/or at least one second auxiliary electrode. The plurality of control gate electrodes may be recessed into the semiconductor layer. The plurality of charge storage layers may be between the plurality of control gate electrodes and the semiconductor layer. The first and second auxiliary electrodes may be arranged to face each other. The plurality of control gate electrodes may be between the first and second auxiliary electrodes and capacitively coupled with the semiconductor layer.

A plasma etching device which has an auxiliary electrode enabling realization of a uniform plasma density of generated plasma on the surface of a base and which enables uniform etching with respect to the base without depending upon pressure and without rotating a magnetic field applying means. The plasma etching device has magnetic field applying means which has two parallel plate electrodes I and II and RF power applying means, with the base set on the electrode I, and which is horizontal and unidirectional with respect to the surface of the base where plasma etching is carried out. In this plasma etching device, an auxiliary electrode is provided at least on the upstream side of the base in a flow of electron current generated by the magnetic field applying means. The auxiliary electrode includes a local electrode arranged on the side facing the electrode II and means for adjusting impedance provided at a part of the local electrode to be electrically connected with the electrode I.

A display device includes a thin film transistor formed on a first insulating substrate, a first electrode electrically connected with the thin film transistor, an emission layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode formed on the emission layer, an auxiliary electrode shaped like a mesh to at least partially expose the first electrode, the auxiliary electrode being electrically connected with the second electrode and receiving a common voltage therefrom, and a second insulating substrate placed on the auxiliary electrode. The exemplary embodiments of a display device, and a method of manufacturing the same, according to the present invention can apply a common voltage efficiently throughout the display and have an improved contrast ratio.

An electrochemical-based assay device capable of detecting the presence or quantity of an analyte of interest that is provided. The device contains two or more substrates, one containing a detection working electrode and another containing an auxiliary electrode, such as a counter/reference electrode(s). The substrates are positioned in a face-to-face relationship so that the electrodes are adjacent to each other during performance of the assay. Besides the electrodes, any of a variety of other components may also be employed in the assay device.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for fabricating a light emitting device, in which brightness gradient due to potential drop of a counter electrode can be prevented from being observed and an auxiliary electrode can be formed without increasing the number of steps, even when the precision of a light emitting device is improved. It is another object of the invention to provide a light emitting device fabricated according to the method. The light emitting device has a light emitting element and an auxiliary electrode in each pixel. The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an electroluminescent layer provided between the first and the second electrodes. Further, the first electrode is overlapped with the electroluminescent layer and the second electrode formed over an insulating film by means of a first opening formed in the insulating film. Still further, the auxiliary electrode is overlapped with the second electrode by means of a second opening formed over the second insulating film.

A wiring harness and a touch sensor incorporating same are disclosed. The touch sensor includes a sensing electrode disposed in a touch sensitive area. The touch sensor further includes a plurality of auxiliary electrodes disposed on a self-supporting dielectric substrate in a border area. The auxiliary electrodes transmit a touch signal to electronics configured to use the touch signal to determine the touch location.

An organic light emitting diode display device, comprises: a thin film transistor on a substrate; a first insulating layer on the thin film transistor; a connecting electrode connected to the thin film transistor and a first auxiliary electrode on the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer on the connecting electrode and the first auxiliary electrode; an anode connected to the connecting electrode and a second auxiliary electrode spaced apart from the anode and connected to the first auxiliary electrode on the second insulating layer; a bank layer having a first contact hole exposing the anode and a second contact hole exposing the second auxiliary electrode on the anode and the second auxiliary electrode; an organic emitting layer on the anode in the first contact hole; and a cathode electrically connected to the second auxiliary electrode on the organic emitting layer.

A method and apparatus for plating a metal layer onto a substrate is provided. The plating apparatus includes two or more segments of an anode and an auxiliary electrode. The plating method includes a first stage of plating a thin metal seed uniformly in the center of the substrate and near the edges of the substrate before metal gap filling and bulk metal plating are performed. The thin metal seed is plated on the substrate surface by applying a current pulse provided by a first power supply and a second power supply which are in electrical communication in reverse polarity with one segment of the anode and the auxiliary electrode. Thereafter, gap filling of features is performed by applying a second current pulse where current is provided to all segments of the anode.

The present invention discloses an electrolyzer for electrolyzing water into a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The electrolyzer is adapted to deliver this gaseous mixture to the fuel system of an internal combustion engine. The electrolyzer of the present invention comprises one or more supplemental electrode at least partially immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution interposed between two principle electrodes. The gaseous mixture is generated by applying an electrical potential between the two principal electrodes. The electrolyzer further includes a gas reservoir region for collecting the generated gaseous mixture. The present invention further discloses a method of utilizing the electrolyzer in conjunction with the fuel system of an internal combustion engine to improve the efficiency of said internal combustion engine.

A transparent conductive multi-layer structure having a smooth base material 1, a transparent conductive layer 2 formed on the smooth base material 1 by coating, an auxiliary electrode layer 3 formed in a pattern on the transparent conductive layer 2, and a transparent substrate 5 joined to the transparent conductive layer 2 and auxiliary electrode layer 3 through an adhesive layer 4. On a smooth peeled-off surface of the transparent conductive layer 2 from which the smooth base material 1 has been peeled off, various devices are formed to set up devices such as a dye-sensitized solar cell and an organic electroluminescent device.

A device for cranial nerve stimulation of an individual is disclosed, having a signal driver unit for producing a current; an intraoral stimulation board having at least one primary electrode, and at least one secondary electrode positioned on the individual for communicating a current through the individual, wherein current can flow between the intraoral stimulation board and the secondary electrode. The device may be used to treat a number of ailments. In one embodiment, the device provides input representing two planes of movement, or is used as a gaming controller. A method of using an electrical stimulation system is also disclosed, comprising the steps of: a) positioning the intraoral stimulation board within the individual's mouth; b) connecting the secondary electrode to the individual; c) operating the signal driver unit for a predetermined time to provide a current flow between the intraoral stimulation board and the secondary electrode.

A radio IC device that is highly efficient in transmitting signals from a radio IC to a radiation pattern includes a radio IC chip arranged to processes radio signals, an auxiliary electrode pattern that is connected to the radio IC chip and includes a loop-shaped electrode, and a radiation electrode pattern that includes a magnetic-field radiation electrode having a resonant frequency and an electric-field radiation electrode having a resonant frequency. The loop-shaped electrode of the auxiliary electrode pattern is coupled to a maximum-voltage section of the magnetic-field radiation electrode through a capacitor.

The present invention includes three-dimensional secondary battery cells comprising an electrolyte, a cathode, an anode, and an auxiliary electrode. The cathode, the anode, and the auxiliary electrode have a surface in contact with the electrolyte. The anode and the cathode are electrolytically coupled. The auxiliary electrode is electrolytically coupled and electrically coupled to at least one of the anode or the cathode. Electrically coupled means directly or indirectly connected in series by wires, traces or other connecting elements. The average distance between the surface of the auxiliary electrode and the surface of the coupled cathode or the coupled anode is between about 1 micron and about 10,000 microns. The average distance means the average of the shortest path for ion transfer from every point on the coupled cathode or anode to the auxiliary electrode.

Apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems), and methods for transdermal electrical stimulation (TES). Apparatuses described herein can be self-contained, lightweight, and wearable. The apparatus may include a primary unit (TES stimulator) and an electrode portion that includes a first transdermal electrode and a second transdermal electrode and mates with the TES stimulator. The first electrode and secondary electrode are placed at two locations on the skin of a user, for example on the head and/or neck of a user. Electrical stimulation driven between the two electrodes may induce a cognitive effect in a user of the device.

An organic electroluminescent display element includes a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes, an auxiliary electrode, an insulating layer, an organic layer, a second electrode, and a conductive material. The auxiliary electrode is provided between the plurality of first electrodes on the substrate and separated from the plurality of first electrodes. The insulating layer covers the auxiliary electrode, separates and isolates the plurality of first electrodes from each other, and has through holes extending to the auxiliary electrode. The organic layer is provided on each of the plurality of first electrodes. The second electrode covers a whole surface of the insulating layer and the organic layers and allowing light emitted in the organic layers to transmit therethrough. The conductive material is provided in the through holes, for electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to the second electrode.

Disclosed are an organic light emitting display and a method of manufacturing the same. The organic light emitting includes a first substrate, a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode. The first substrate includes a pixel region showing an image and a peripheral region surrounding the pixel region. The first electrode is formed in the pixel region of the first substrate. The organic light emitting layer is formed on the first electrode. The second electrode is formed on the organic light emitting layer and extends to the peripheral region. An auxiliary electrode is formed on the second electrode to contact the second electrode on an entire surface of the first substrate, thereby applying a voltage having the same voltage level as that of the second electrode.

A light emitting device includes a substrate, a light emitting elements that have a first electrode, a second electrode and a light emitting layer, an element layer, an auxiliary electrode that is electrically connected to the second electrode, and an insulating layer. The second electrode is commonly provided for the light emitting elements. The insulating layer has a portion arranged in a lower layer under the second electrode and the auxiliary electrode. The auxiliary electrode is formed partly in a peripheral region of the light emitting device. In the peripheral region, an end portion of the second electrode is located on an inner side along a plane of the substrate than an end portion of the auxiliary electrode and located on an outer side than an end portion of the insulating layer.

A touch sensing display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a touch sensing device, a patterned electrode layer, an insulating layer, and a sealant. The first substrate has a touch sensing region, and a sealant region surrounding the touch sensing region. The touch sensing device is disposed on an inner surface of the first substrate in the touch sensing region. The patterned electrode layer is disposed on the inner surface of the substrate in the sealant region, and the patterned electrode layer includes a plurality of connecting lines electrically connected to a touch sensing device, and an auxiliary electrode. The auxiliary electrode is not directly electrically connected to the connecting lines and the touch sensing device. The sealant is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate in the sealant region, and at least one of the connecting lines and the auxiliary electrode overlap the sealant.

Provided are an organic light emitting display (OLED) and a method of fabricating the same capable of improving product reliability by forming an auxiliary electrode line to be in contact with a second electrode power supply line to remove an organic layer on the auxiliary electrode line and minimize the organic layer on a pixel region, thereby preventing pixel shrinkage resulting from degradation of an organic emission layer caused by out-gassing from the organic layer.

An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. The OLED display includes: a lower electrode formed on a layer on an insulating substrate having a thin film transistor. The lower electrode is electrically connected to the thin film transistor. An auxiliary electrode is formed on the same layer as the lower electrode, and a pixel defining layer is formed on edges of the lower electrode, thereby defining an opening which exposes a portion of the lower electrode. An organic layer is formed on the portion of the lower electrode exposed by the opening, and an upper electrode is formed on an entire surface of the insulating substrate and electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode. An edge of the auxiliary electrode may have a taper angle of at least 90°.

The invention discloses an organic light-emitting diode display panel and a production method thereof. The organic light-emitting diode display panel comprises a flat layer, an auxiliary electrode layer, a reflection electrode layer, a pixel definition layer, an organic light-emitting layer and a transparent electrode layer. The flat layer is provided with a groove; the auxiliary electrode layer is arranged inside the groove; the organic light-emitting layer extends to the groove; and a part of the organic light-emitting layer inside the groove is arranged in a disconnected manner on the auxiliary electrode layer. The transparent electrode layer is arranged on the organic light-emitting layer. The transparent electrode layer extends to the groove and is electrically connected with the auxiliary electrode layer.

A hybrid fuel cell/battery including one or more electrochemical cell units comprising at least one cathode, at least one anode, and at least one auxiliary electrode. The auxiliary electrode works in combination with the anode to provide a current as a rechargeable battery while the anode and cathode work in combination to provide an electrical current as a fuel cell. The cathode and the auxiliary electrode may operate alone or in tandem to provide an electrical current.

A display apparatus includes; an insulating substrate, a first signal line formed on the insulating substrate, a second signal line crossing the first signal line, an auxiliary electrode line which is supplied with a common voltage and disposed on the insulating substrate, a first plurality of thin film transistors formed on the insulating substrate electrically connected with the first signal line and the second signal line, a second plurality of thin film transistors electrically connected with the first plurality of thin film transistors, pixel electrodes connected to one of the plurality of thin film transistors, each pixel electrode comprising a reflective layer, a conductive bridge portion connected to the auxiliary electrode line through a first contact hole, partitions including second contact holes which expose the bridge and surround the pixel electrodes, a light emitting device layer including a light emitting layer formed in a first region on the pixel electrodes, and a common layer exposing the first and the second contact holes formed over the first region and a second region surrounding the first region, and a common electrode formed on the light emitting device layer and electrically connected to the bridge through the second contact holes.

An organic light-emitting display device and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The organic light-emitting display device includes a substrate having a plurality of trenches; a thin film transistor on the substrate; a light-emitting diode connected to the thin film transistor; an upper auxiliary electrode connected to one of an anode and a cathode of the light-emitting diode; and a lower auxiliary electrode in an auxiliary electrode trench among the plurality of trenches of the substrate and connected to the upper auxiliary electrode.