377 results about "Line radiation" patented technology

A method for reducing or substantially eliminating oxides of nitrogen from an effluent gas stream, that includes providing a source of ultraviolet radiation with a precise wavelength, adding ammonia or an ammonia based reagent to the effluent stream, upstream of the ultraviolet radiation source, controllably operating the ultraviolet radiation source to irradiate the effluent stream flowing in the duct and substantially reducing or eliminating oxides of nitrogen by promotion a reaction of ammonia with the oxides of nitrogen to produce N2 and H2O, and also thereby destroying any surplus ammonia. This process can also be modified to oxidize carbon monoxide and VOC's to CO2 and H2O.

A portable measurement apparatus is presented for inducing and measuring fluorescent X-ray radiation. It comprises an X-ray source (303, 902, 1005, 1105) adapted to controllably irradiate a sample (301, 803) with X-rays, and a detector (305, 406, 1006, 1106) adapted to detect fluorescent radiation emitted by said sample (301, 803). The X-ray source (303, 902, 1005, 1105) is an X-ray tube, an anode of which comprises at least one of silver, rhodium and molybdenium. Consequently said X-ray tube is adapted to controllably emit L-line radiation of at least one of silver, rhodium and molybdenium.

The present invention relates to differential phase-contrast imaging, in particular to a structure of a diffraction grating, e.g. an analyzer grating and a phase grating, for X-ray differential phase-contrast imaging. In order to make better use of the X-ray radiation passing the object, a diffraction grating (14) for X-ray differential phase-contrast imaging is provided with at least one portion (24) of a first sub-area (26) and at least one portion (28) of a second sub-area (30). The first sub-area comprises a grating structure (54) with a plurality of bars (34) and gaps (36) being arranged periodically with a first grating pitch P G (38), wherein the bars are arranged such that thy change the phase and / or amplitude of an X-ray radiation and wherein the gaps are X-ray transparent. The second sub-area is X-ray transparent and wherein the at least one portion of the second sub-area provides an X-ray 1 transparent aperture (40) in the grating. Portions of the first and second sub-areas are arranged in an alternating manner in at least one direction (42).

A novel process is for making ceramic based radiopac materials useful for X-ray radiation attenuation. The process is lead as well as rare earth free and thus obviates (i) the use of conventionally used lead metal and its compounds—which are toxic in nature and are heavy weight as the density of lead is 11.34 gm / cm-2. Further the low melting points of lead (325° C.) prohibits its use in high temperature shielding structures and (ii) the use of Rare earth is restricted because they are very costly and scarcely available. The novel process of the present invention utilizes different varieties of waste as raw materials such as fly ash (from thermal power plants), Red mud (from aluminum production), Rice husk silica (an agro waste) and pyrophyllite (an underutilized clay mineral). These waste materials contain various necessary constituents required for making radiopac materials namely silicon, titanium, iron and aluminum. The presence of different mineralizers in the raw materials used and use of phosphatic binders significantly helps in obtaining the radiopac materials, at relatively low temperature of 920° C. itself and thus leads to saving of considerable heat energy. Further as the waste are generated in powder form, the use of these waste also helps in saving on the account of grinding energy. The radiopac materials obtained by the novel process of present invention are capable of withstanding ambient to high temperature and thus finds wide applications in making aprons, gloves and ceramic tiles, bricks for attenuation of X-ray radiations. The radiopac materials are useful as materials for construction of partition wall of X-ray room in hospitals, research institutes and industries. Apart from this radiopac materials an also be used and in making high temperature X-ray attenuation structures.

Determining the viability of an egg by:(a) causing electromagnetic radiation, having one or more wavelengths in the infra-red part of the spectrum, to impinge upon the egg;(b) receiving at least a part of the infra-red radiation that has passed through the egg and generating an output signal representative of the received infra-red radiation; and(c) processing said output signal to determine whether there is a cyclical variation in the intensity of the infra-red radiation leaving the egg corresponding to action of a heart, the existence of said cyclical variation indicating that the egg is viable;wherein step (a) is performed by directing infra-red radiation so that it passes through the shell for reflection from an outer surface of a vascular structure adjacent an inner surface of said shell, and step (b) is performed by receiving any infra-red radiation so reflected.