34 results about "Fluorescent radiation" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-nano optics, and discloses a multichannel multiplexing fluorescent display method and device. A metasurface is constructed, a plurality of unit structure arrays with different periods are spatially arranged on the metasurface, and the unidirectional radiation angle of guided wave fluorescence corresponding to each unit structure array is controlled by encoding the period of each unit structure array; by means of numerical aperture limitation of an imaging observation system, analog quantity regulation and control of the super-structure surface on the fluorescence radiation angle is converted into a discrete intensity coding state, a plurality of independently coded target fluorescence images are presented at different observation angles, and multi-channel multiplexing fluorescence display is achieved. According to the invention, multi-channel multiplexing display of fluorescence can be realized, the degree of freedom and flexibility of fluorescence multiplexing are improved, and the requirements of next-generation high-density display and information encryption can be met.

In one aspect, a dual-mode capillary electrophoresis system is disclosed, which comprises a plurality of capillaries for receiving a plurality of samples, a UV radiation source for generating UV radiation along a first path, a laser light source for generating laser radiation along a second path, and a galvanometric mirror configured to receive radiation from said UV radiation source along said first path and to receive light from said laser light source along said second path, and to direct said received UV radiation and said laser light onto a common optical path, said galvanometric mirror further being configured to scan said UV radiation and said laser light sequentially over said plurality of capillaries. The system can further include detectors for detecting the UV radiation as well as fluorescent radiation emitted by the samples in response to laser excitation.

The invention relates to an optical system, in particular for microlithography, having at least one optical element (100, 200, 300, 400) that comprises a substrate (105, 205, 305, 405) and at least one optically effective layer system (110, 210, 310, 311, 410) situated on this substrate (105, 205, 305, 405), and at least one monitoring unit (120, 220, 240, 320, 340) for monitoring a degradation state of this layer system (110, 210, 310, 311, 410), wherein the monitoring unit (120, 220, 240, 320, 340) comprises a detector (121, 221, 241, 321, 341) for detecting non-directed radiation (130, 230, 330, 430) that emanates from the optical element (100, 200, 300, 400) during the operation of the optical system, wherein the non-directed radiation (130, 230, 330, 430) detected by the detector comprises fluorescence radiation that is caused or modified in the event of an interaction of the layer system of the optical element with used light pre-sent during the operation of the optical system.

The invention relates to a measurement arrangement (100) for measuring concentration of gold in a sample (102). The measurement arrangement (100) comprises: a sample container (104a, 104b); an X-ray radiation source unit (106) configured to produce a radiation beam (112); a primary filter (108) arranged between the X-ray radiation source unit (106) and the sample container (104a, 104b) so that the primary filter (108) is in a close vicinity to the sample container (104a, 104b), wherein the primary filter (108) is configured to act as a filter and as a secondary target configured to excite a first fluorescence radiation (114) in response to an irradiation of the primary filter (108) with the radiation beam (112); and a radiation detector unit (110) configured to obtain a second fluorescence radiation (116) being characteristic to gold in response to an irradiation of the sample (102) with the first fluorescence radiation (114), wherein the second fluorescence radiation (116) is obtained from a direction (202) substantially perpendicular to the direction (204) of the maximum intensity of the radiation beam (112). The invention relates also to a method for measuring concentration of gold in a sample (102).

A method for analyzing the material composition of a vehicle tire comprises the following steps: Providing a sample (200) representing a section or the entire vehicle tire. Emitting laser radiation from a laser (300) with a first predetermined wavelength (W1) to excite a first section (201) of the sample (200). Receiving fluorescence radiation from the first section (201) of the sample (200). Measuring the received fluorescence radiation using a sensor device (400). Quantifying and converting the measured fluorescence radiation into digital data. Storing the digital data in a database (500). Classifying the digital data based on the fluorescence radiation and determining the material composition based on the classification.

In one aspect, the present teachings provide a system for performing cytometry that can be operated in three operational modes. In one operational mode, a fluorescence image of a sample is obtained by exciting one or more fluorophore(s) present in the sample by an excitation beam formed as a superposition of a top-hat-shaped beam with a plurality of beams that are radiofrequency shifted relative to one another. In another operational mode, a sample can be illuminated successively over a time interval by a laser beam at a plurality of excitation frequencies in a scanning fashion. In yet another operational mode, the system can be operated to illuminate a plurality of locations of a sample concurrently by a single excitation frequency, which can be generated, e.g., by shifting the central frequency of a laser beam by a radiofrequency. The detected fluorescence radiation can be used to analyze the fluorescence content of the sample, e.g., a cell / particle.

The application provides a composite energy transmission layer-based evaporation isotopic battery and a preparation method thereof, relates to the technical field of isotopic batteries, and comprises a radioactive source layer, a semiconductor material layer and a graphene quantum dot composite energy transmission layer arranged between the two layers. The graphene quantum dot composite energy transmission layer is formed by compounding graphene quantum dots and graphene-based materials. The graphene quantum dots generate fluorescent radiation under the excitation of radioactive source radiation. The fluorescent radiation is at least partially absorbed by a semiconductor energy conversion unit formed by the contact between the composite energy transmission layer and the semiconductor material layer, and an electron-hole pair is generated to realize electric energy output. Meanwhile, the semiconductor energy conversion unit can also directly respond to radioactive source radiation to generate an electron-hole pair to realize electric energy output. The application improves the energy utilization efficiency of the evaporation isotopic battery by constructing a composite energy utilization path of radiation energy + light energy-electric energy.

The invention relates to a magnetic field sensor (1) with an NV diamond (2), an excitation light source (3) configured to emit an excitation beam (4) for exciting electronic states of the NV diamond (2), and arranged such that the excitation beam (4) emitted by it can generate an electric field within the NV diamond (2), a detector (5) arranged and configured to detect fluorescence radiation that the NV diamond (2) can emit as a result of irradiation with the excitation radiation (4), a microwave structure (6) arranged and configured to generate a microwave field within the NV diamond (2) for manipulating spin states of the NV diamond (2), a magnetic field generating device (7) configured to generate an internal, static magnetic field within the NV diamond (2), and comprising at least one permanent magnet (8), and a hood (10). and a base plate (11),which are arranged to form a closed chamber (12). The NV diamond (2), the excitation light source (3), the detector (5), and the microwave structure (6) are arranged within the closed chamber (12). The hood (10) has at least one recess (13) for receiving the at least one permanent magnet (8, 9).

The present invention provides a method and a system for collecting a fluorescence spectrum of an analyte, and a medium, and a device, which relate to the field of optical analysis. The method includes: irradiating and imaging a first area by infrared light to obtain a first image; dividing the first area into a testing point candidate area and a reference point candidate area based on grayscale distribution indicates uneven distribution of the analyte; irradiating and imaging the first area by ultraviolet light based on an excited fluorescent radiation signal, to obtain a second image; and based on a grayscale value selecting a testing point from the testing point candidate area, and collecting fluorescence spectral data of the testing point; and selecting a reference point from the reference point candidate area and collecting fluorescence spectral data of the reference point.

The invention relates to a method for determining a contamination (1) of components for electrochemical cells, in particular components for water electrolysis, by means of fluorescence. The method comprises (S1) providing a component sample (2) for measuring the contamination, (S2) exciting the component sample (2) with fluorescence radiation, (S3) detecting the fluorescence generated by the excitation, and (S4) inferring an amount of contamination (1) of the component sample (2) from a recorded fluorescence signal (3), wherein a signal strength of the recorded fluorescence signal (3) is correlated with a correlation parameter (s) in order to verify the purity of the component sample (2). The invention further relates to the use of a fluorescence measurement and to a corresponding measuring device (20) for carrying out the method.

The present invention provides a method and system for target positioning analysis, a medium, and a device. The method includes: irradiating and imaging a first area of a body surface by infrared light, to obtain a first image of an imaging area; dividing the imaging area into different grayscale areas; selecting a grayscale area whose grayscale value meets preset requirements as an area in which a blood vessel is located; selecting, from an edge of the area in which the blood vessel is located, a grayscale area as an area in which skin is located; and irradiating the area in which the blood vessel is located and the area in which the skin is located, and respectively collecting fluorescence radiation signals excited in the area in which the blood vessel is located and the area in which the skin is located.

An FCS method, in which a sample that is to be measured and has fluorescent markers, illuminates the sample with excitation radiation over a bleaching time in order to bleach selected fluorescent markers. After bleaching has been carried out over at least one measurement period, FCS measurement data of the sample are acquired by illuminating the sample with excitation radiation and by detecting detection radiation brought about by the excitation radiation. During the bleaching time, intensity values of fluorescence radiation that has been brought about by the excitation radiation which is directed at the sample for bleaching purposes are continuously or repeatedly acquired and compared with a threshold value, and the acquisition of the FCS measurement data is started when the threshold value has been reached.

The invention relates to a magnetic field sensor (1) having an NV diamond (2), an excitation light source (3), which is designed to emit an excitation beam (4) for exciting electronic states of the NV diamond (2) and which is arranged such that the excitation beam (4) emitted thereby can generate an electric field within the NV diamond (2), a detector (5), which is arranged and designed to detect fluorescence radiation which the NV diamond (2) can emit as a result of irradiation with the excitation radiation (4), a microwave structure (6), which is arranged and designed to generate a microwave field within the NV diamond (2) in order to manipulate spin states of the NV diamond (2), a magnetic field generating device (7), which is designed to generate an internal, static magnetic field within the NV diamond (2) and which comprises at least one permanent magnet (8), and a hood (10) and a base plate (11), which are arranged such that they form a closed chamber (12). The NV diamond (2), the excitation light source (3), the detector (5) and the microwave structure (6) are arranged within the closed chamber (12). The hood (10) has at least one recess (13) for receiving the at least one permanent magnet (8, 9).

The present invention provides a method and system for collecting fluorescence spectral data by ultraviolet light, and a medium. The method includes: ultraviolet light irradiation: irradiating a first area by the ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 300-390 nm; signal collection: obtaining a fluorescence radiation signal that comprises the fluorescence spectral data and that is emitted by the first area when excited, and performing imaging, to obtain an image; and spectral data collection: selecting a data collection point from the image, substituting a grayscale value of the data collection point into a spectrum reconstruction algorithm, and obtaining the fluorescence spectral data through calculation, where a peak value of a spectral line of the fluorescence spectral data is within 400-800 nm. According to the technical solution in this application, peaks of spectral data of different analytes can be kept within a recognizable range of an imaging spectral detection apparatus.

A method that includes performing a plurality of measurement sessions associated with different delay values, a measurement session includes (a) illuminating a region of a sample with radiation pulses that result is a generation of fluorescence pulses; wherein a radiation pulse forms a 2D spot on the region; detecting fluorescence radiation, by a 2D detector of a sensing unit, during detection windows that start at a given delay value from starts of the radiation pulses; wherein each detection window has a duration that (i) exceeds a duration of the fluorescence pulse, and (ii) does not exceed a time difference between adjacent radiation pulses; (b) aggregating, by the sensing unit, detection signals obtained during the detection windows that start at the given delay value from starts of the radiation pulses; and (c) determining decay information based of the detected radiation.

The present application relates to the field of new material detection, and discloses a kind of surface opening defect fluorescence imaging nondestructive evaluation process, comprising: determining the permeation process parameter, flushing the surface of the workpiece to be measured and real-time collection fluorescence radiation intensity, according to the slope of the change of fluorescence intensity with the change of washing time to determine the washing stop timing, monitor the dynamic growth of fluorescence radiation intensity after applying developer, when the intensity growth meets the preset stability criterion continuously, determine the exudation stable state and generate a trigger signal, open white light environment to identify defects, the evaluation driving force is reconstructed from the conventional clock cycle to the interface physical state evolution, the equilibrium characteristics of the elution of penetrant and capillary exudation kinetics are used to capture the process inflection point, the background fluorescence interference is inhibited and the defect signal is retained, the defect miss detection and halo contradiction produced by fixed time limit are eliminated, and the physical reproducibility of large batch workpiece detection is improved.

Housings (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) with a sensor system (IC, PL, PD1, BD1 to BD3, NV1, F1) and / or quantum technology system, which is hereinafter also referred to simply as a sensor system (IC, PL, PD1, BD1 to BD3, NV1, F1), wherein the housing (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) has a cavity (CAV) and wherein the housing (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) comprises a premolded open-cavity housing (WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) and wherein the sensor system (IC, PL, PD1, BD1 to BD3, NV1, F1) comprises a paramagnetic center (NV1) in the material of a sensor element and / or quantum technology device element that is part of the sensor system and wherein the sensor system (IC, PL, PD1, BD1 to BD3, NV1, F1) includes a receiver (PD1) and wherein the sensor system (IC, PL, PD1, BD1 to BD3, NV1, F1) comprises an integrated circuit (IC) and an evaluation circuit (M1, TP, M2, G) for generating an output signal (out) and wherein the sensor system (IC, PL, PD1, BD1 to BD3, NV1, F1) comprises a source (PL1) for excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b), in particular an LED (PL1), and wherein the sensor element with the paramagnetic center (NV1) is located in the cavity (CAV) of the housing (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) and wherein the receiver (PD1) is located in the cavity (CAV) of the housing (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) and wherein the source (PL1) for excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b) is located in the cavity (CAV) of the housing (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) and wherein the circuit (IC) is located in the cavity (CAV) of the package (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) and wherein the excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b) of the source (PL1) for excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b) causes the paramagnetic center (NV1) to emit fluorescence radiation (FL) and wherein this emission of this modulated fluorescence radiation (FL) depends on the magnetic flux at the location of the paramagnetic center (NV1) in the material of the sensor element and on the modulation of the incoming excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b) and wherein the housing (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) includes means (RE), - which direct the excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b) of the source (PL1) onto the paramagnetic center (NV1) and thus couple the source (PL1) for excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b), in particular the LED (PL1), with the paramagnetic center (NV1) inside the housing (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) and wherein the housing (DE, WA, BO, LF1 to LF6) includes a first filter (F1) which is an optical filter, and wherein the first filter (F1) is transparent to the fluorescence radiation (FL) of the paramagnetic center (NV1) in the material of the sensor element and where the first filter (F1) is not transparent to the excitation light of the source (PL1) for excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b) and wherein the receiver (PD1) receives and processes fluorescence radiation (FL) from the paramagnetic center (NV1) and wherein the receiver (PD1) together with the first filter (F1) forms a receiver which is essentially sensitive only to the fluorescence radiation (FL) of the paramagnetic center (NV1) in the material of the sensor element and is essentially not sensitive to the excitation radiation (LB, LB1a, LB1b) of the LED (PL1), and wherein the receiver (PD1) converts the detected fluorescence radiation (FL) into a received signal (S0) and wherein the sensor system is configured to generate a reduced received signal (S1) from the received signal (S0) by subtracting a feedback signal (S6) from the received signal (S0) by means of electrical feedback, or to generate the reduced received signal (S1) by means of optical compensation by irradiating a compensation LED (PLK) into the receiver (PD1), wherein the operation of the compensation LED (PLK) depends on the feedback signal (S6), and wherein the circuit (IC) and the evaluation circuit (M1, TP, M2, G) form a filter output signal (S4) from the reduced received signal (S1) and wherein the sensor system is configured to generate the feedback signal (S6) from the filter output signal (S4) and the transmit signal (S5), and where the filter output signal (S4) is then a measure of the amplitude of the fluorescence radiation (FL) reaching the receiver (PD1) and where the filter output signal (S4) is the output signal (out).

The invention relates to an imaging method using a dye dimer, wherein the dye dimer comprises a single-stranded DNA (nucleotide strand) formed by a sequence of nucleotides, and a molecule of a dye that can be excited to emit fluorescence radiation is attached to the mutually opposite terminal regions of the nucleotide strand. The dye dimer can be weakly excited to emit fluorescence radiation in a first conformation and can be highly excited to emit fluorescence radiation in a second conformation. Structures (antigens) of a sample to be imaged are bound to antibodies which are provided with first binding molecules, these first binding molecules being compatible with at least one section of the nucleotide strand of the dye dimer. The dye dimer binds to a plurality of the first binding molecules, a dye dimer bound to a first binding molecule being present in the second conformation. The sample is illuminated with excitation radiation suitable for exciting an emission of fluorescence radiation from the dye dimer and shaped to form a light sheet, dye dimers in the second conformation being excited to emit fluorescence radiation. This fluorescence radiation is detected and evaluated for imaging purposes. The invention is characterised in that the excitation radiation is designed as a lattice light sheet and is directed into the sample. The invention also relates to a dye dimer and to the provision and use thereof.

The invention relates to a magnetic field camera head and an eddy current camera for detecting magnetic fields and eddy currents in workpieces. The magnetic field camera head comprises a sensor element layer with paramagnetic centers, a light source for exciting fluorescence radiation, and a fluorescence camera. The fluorescence intensity depends on the pump radiation and the magnetic flux density. The magnetic field camera head can acquire and provide phase images of local temporal phase delays in the fluorescence intensity with respect to modulated magnetic fields or pump radiation. The eddy current camera comprises the magnetic field camera head. It generates alternating magnetic fields by means (80) for generating these alternating magnetic fields, induces eddy currents, and detects their effects on the paramagnetic centers by means of fluorescence images and phase images. It is equipped with a control device and a computer system that perform image processing and analysis using AI methods to visualize the distributions of eddy currents and magnetic reaction fields in workpieces. Furthermore, the invention comprises underlying quantum technology systems and principles for sensor data analysis, as well as methods and devices for applications such as materials testing, NMR microscopy, cryptographic systems, and spectroscopy.

Red light lamps for the medical treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by the creation of therapeutic eyewear for AMD treatment coated with a red fluorescent lacquer that converts visible radiation into a broad spectrum of red fluorescent radiation effective for medical AMD treatment, in the spectral range of 620 nm to 680 nm.

The invention discloses an organic electroluminescent material, a double-host organic electroluminescent material and a luminescent device, and relates to the technical field of organic electroluminescent materials. The tetraphenyl ring or benzanthracene ring in the structure of the organic electroluminescent material with the structure of the general formula 1 provided by the invention has an expanded large conjugated system, and the unique electronic structure endows the material with relatively high fluorescence quantum efficiency, so that absorbed energy can be efficiently converted into fluorescence radiation. The structure shown in the general formula 1 and the structure shown in the general formula 2 are jointly used as the double-main-body organic electroluminescent material, triplet excitons are dispersed on two main bodies through the double-main-body material, triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is reduced, the driving voltage of the organic electroluminescent device is reduced, meanwhile, the luminous efficiency of the device can be improved, and the service life of the device can be prolonged.

A method for determining impurities (1) in components for electrochemical cells, in particular components for water electrolysis, using fluorescence is described. The method comprises (S1) providing a component sample (2) for measuring the impurity, (S2) exciting the component sample (2) with fluorescence radiation, (S3) detecting the fluorescence generated by the excitation, and (S4) inferring the amount of impurity (1) in the component sample (2) from a recorded fluorescence signal (3), wherein the signal strength of the recorded fluorescence signal (3) is correlated with a correlation parameter (s) to verify the purity of the component sample (2). Furthermore, the use of a fluorescence measurement device and a corresponding measuring apparatus (20) for carrying out the method are described.

The invention relates to an FCS method in which a sample that is to be measured and has fluorescent markers is illuminated with excitation radiation over a bleaching time in order to bleach selected fluorescent markers; and after bleaching has been carried out over at least one measurement period, FCS measurement data of the sample are acquired by illuminating the sample with excitation radiation and by detecting detection radiation brought about by the excitation radiation. The invention is characterized in that during the bleaching time, intensity values of fluorescence radiation that has been brought about by the excitation radiation which is directed at the sample for bleaching purposes are continuously or repeatedly acquired and compared with a threshold value, and the acquisition of the FCS measurement data is started when the threshold value has been reached.

The present application relates to a kind of super-structure surface that can realize on-chip fluorescence emission intensity regulation and fine gray nano printing and its preparation method and application, super-structure surface includes substrate layer, waveguide layer, nano brick structure layer and quantum dot-containing fluorescent radiation layer.Periodicity of double-atom unit structure and the relative displacement between nano brick, the periodicity modulation of fluorescence emission intensity is realized using on-chip double-atom interference mechanism, and high-resolution gray fluorescence display is achieved;Through orthogonal direction space mixed double-atom unit structure, the low crosstalk direction selectivity double-channel gray display is constructed;Combining the synergistic control of fluorescence emission and pump light scattering, the exit angle and exit intensity of fluorescence and pump light are accurately regulated and encoded by unit period and displacement, and the multi-color gray nano printing display function is realized.The present application can eliminate zero-order diffraction background interference without additional optical elements, with the advantages of strong manufacturing robustness, high integration, etc., fine gray and multi-color nano printing display can be realized.

The invention discloses a visible light / fluorescence 8k laparoscope interference imaging system, which comprises a lens, a laparoscope rod, a handheld controller and an information processing and display terminal, and is characterized in that the lens comprises an imaging structure, a light source and a data power line, and the imaging structure is provided with a central hole; the light source is embedded into a center hole of the imaging structure and provides visible light and fluorescent radiation to illuminate an observation area, and the data power line transmits data obtained by the imaging structure to the information processing and display terminal and supplies power to the imaging structure and the light source; the handheld controller is fixed on the mirror rod and is used for inputting an imaging mode control signal; the information processing and display terminal is composed of a computer host and a display, the computer host is used for processing data transmitted by the mirror rod cable and the handheld controller and controlling the lens, and the display is used for displaying an imaging result of the lens restored by the computer host. The invention has the advantages of 8k high resolution, few required detection pixels, wide band, small volume and light weight.

The invention relates to a method for characterising the deformability of cells or a portion of cells in a sell sample, the method comprising: culturing the cells on a microstructured plate having microgrooves with a predetermined width and depth for at least partially engaging the nuclei of the cells in one or more microgrooves, at least one portion of the surface of the microgrooves being a cell adhesion surface; measuring a fluorescence signal of the nuclei, which nuclei are pre-treated so as to emit fluorescence radiation; on the basis of the fluorescence signal measured for each nucleus, determining a fluorescence intensity profile and at least one morphological parameter of the nucleus; on the basis of the fluorescence intensity profile and the at least one morphological parameter, determining a deformation class of the nucleus in the depth of the microgrooves.

A method of determining a compensation factor to compensate for variations of fluorescence radiant intensity of a reagent containing a fluorochrome, the compensation factor being intended to be applied during a bound state fluorescence radiant intensity measurement when a cell is labeled with the fluorochrome, the method including at least the steps of: measuring a free state fluorescence radiant intensity emitted by the reagent containing the fluorochrome when not labeled to a cell prior to the bound state fluorescence radiant intensity measurement, and determining the compensation factor from the measured free state fluorescence radiant intensity.

The invention provides a high-temperature component temperature and heat flux non-contact measurement method and device. According to the non-contact measurement method for the temperature and the heat flow of the high-temperature component, coupling modeling is carried out on the fluorescent film layer radiation physical process including laser transmission, fluorescence excitation and fluorescence transmission, quantitative characterization of the equivalent fluorescence physical process of the volume body is achieved, and the problems that in existing research, temperature gradient information cannot be accurately obtained, and the measurement accuracy is high are solved. Meanwhile, theoretical guidance is provided for the film layer design of the fluorescent sensor suitable for heat flow measurement; according to the invention, the technology of multi-wavelength excitation laser confocal excitation and multispectral detection fluorescence confocal imaging is adopted, a high-temperature part temperature distribution and heat flow non-contact measurement device based on fluorescence radiation is established, and the problems that fluorescence in a fluorescence sensor film layer interferes with each other and weak fluorescence signals are difficult to detect are solved.

The application belongs to the technical field of organic photocatalysts, and provides application of a long-alkyl amide side chain triphenylamine compound in metal-free organic photocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization. The long-alkyl amide side chain triphenylamine compound has long fluorescent radiation life and phosphorescent radiation life, and can maintain high initiation efficiency in the initial stage of low-viscosity polymerization and the later stage of high-viscosity polymerization; meanwhile, the long-alkyl amide side chain triphenylamine compound can form a cationic radical species by electron transfer with a halogenated initiator under an excited state, and the cationic radical species has a long life, and meanwhile, the cationic radical species can further absorb photons to form a radical cationic excited state to complete a catalytic cycle, so that the long-alkyl amide side chain triphenylamine compound has a fast chain deactivation rate, and the polymerization time is further shortened and the polymerization controllability is further improved.

A dual mode capillary electrophoresis system (100) is disclosed, comprising a plurality of capillaries for receiving a plurality of samples, a UV radiation source (120) for generating UV radiation along a first path (PB), a laser source (110) for generating laser radiation along a second path (PA), and a galvanometer mirror (116) configured to receive radiation from the UV radiation source along the first path and light from the laser source along the second path, and to direct the received UV radiation and laser onto a common optical path, the galvanometer mirror further configured to sequentially scan the UV radiation and the laser over the plurality of capillaries. The system can further comprise a detector (190) for detecting UV radiation and a detector (180) for detecting fluorescent radiation emitted by a sample in response to laser excitation via an optical fiber (185).