278 results about "Background radiation" patented technology

A network of radiation detection instruments, each having a small solid state radiation sensor module integrated into a cellular phone for providing radiation detection data and analysis directly to a user. The sensor module includes a solid-state crystal bonded to an ASIC readout providing a low cost, low power, light weight compact instrument to detect and measure radiation energies in the local ambient radiation field. In particular, the photon energy, time of event, and location of the detection instrument at the time of detection is recorded for real time transmission to a central data collection / analysis system. The collected data from the entire network of radiation detection instruments are combined by intelligent correlation / analysis algorithms which map the background radiation and detect, identify and track radiation anomalies in the region.

A radiation monitoring system for detecting levels of radiation emitted from moving objects traveling at a wide range of speeds, including the high speeds normally encountered with vehicles traveling on highways, interstates, thoroughfares, railroads and conveyors. At least two and preferably three ionizing radiation detectors are employed, spaced apart in series along the direction of travel of the moving object or vehicle. The object or vehicle is monitored for radioactivity and the results are transmitted and processed at a central location. The individual results from each detector for a particular object or vehicle are summed and averaged over the number of detectors used thereby clearly distinguishing the fluctuating background radiation detected at each detector from the consistent high levels of radiation detected from those moving objects or vehicles measured emitting radiation. The results are cooperatively linked by an identification system such as a web cam or other photographic device which obtains visual identification of the objects and vehicles emitting the abnormally high levels of radiation detected.

An apparatus and method for enabling precise, 3-dimensional, photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM) using selective, two-photon activation of fluorophores in a single z-slice of a sample in cooperation with time-gated imaging for reducing the background radiation from other image planes to levels suitable for single-molecule detection and spatial location, are described.

A method for determining fracture geometry of a subterranean formation from radiation emitted from a fracture in the formation, including measuring gamma-radiation emitted from the fracture; subtracting background radiation from the measured gamma-radiation to obtain a peak-energy measurement; comparing the peak-energy measurement with a gamma-ray transport / spectrometer response model; and determining formation fracture geometry of the fracture in accordance with values associated with the response model.

The invention provides an energy method-based high-temperature radiation rate measuring device of a semi-transparent material and a revising method for deducting background radiation, relating to a high-temperature normal spectral radiation rate revising and testing method of the semi-transparent material and belonging to the technical field of high-temperature material physical property measurement. The energy method-based high-temperature radiation rate measuring device of the semi-transparent material and the revising method for deducting the background radiation solve the problems of high construction cost, low temperature heating upper limit and lower testing precision of the traditional test system. The high-temperature radiation rate measuring device comprises a Fourier infrared spectrum analyzer, a reference blackbody furnace, a rotatable reflection mirror, a heating furnace, a heater, a temperature collecting device, a temperature routing inspection operation instrument, an incidence light source, a data processing system, a diaphragm and a semi-transparent test piece; the heating furnace is internally provided with a light-transmitting opening, a fixing device of the semi-transparent test piece, and the temperature collecting device; the central axis of a light-emitting opening of the incidence light source, the central axis of the light-transmitting opening of the heating furnace, the mirror surface of the rotatable reflection mirror and the central axis of the light outlet opening of the reference blackbody furnace are collinear with a horizontal axis. The energy method-based high-temperature radiation rate measuring device of the semi-transparent material and the revising method for deducting the background radiation, disclosed by the invention, are used for measuring the high-temperature spectral normal radiation rate of the surface of the semi-transparent material.

The present invention describes an optical distance measuring device having a pulsed radiation source that is implemented to transmit, in a temporally contiguous radiation pulse period, a radiation pulse having a pulse duration tp that is shorter than the radiation pulse period, and to transmit no radiation pulse in a temporally contiguous dark period. Further, the optical distance measuring device includes a detector for detecting different amounts of radiation in two overlapping detection periods during the radiation pulse period to capture reflections of the radiation pulse at an object surface and a background radiation and / or in two overlapping detection periods during the dark period to capture background radiation. The optical distance measuring device further includes an evaluator determining a signal depending on a distance of the optical distance measuring device to an object based on the detected amount of radiation. Further, the present invention provides a method for optical distance measurement and for multiple sampling.

A system and method for detecting radiation from a source in a container is disclosed. A continuous optical fiber path is disposed in a medium which is part of or associated with a container and which totally encapsulates the inside volumetric space of the container. The optical fiber path provides a volumetric mass of optical fiber which is reactive to radiation from a radiation source in the container to cause an irreversible change in the light carrying capacity or other characteristic of the optical fiber. A light source is coupled to one end of the optical fiber path for introducing light having a predetermined characteristic. A light detector is coupled to the other end of the optical path for receiving light from the optical path. A circuit is coupled to the light detector and is operative to detect a change in the predetermined characteristic of the light and to provide an indication thereof in a fail-safe manner. The extraction of a radiation signal from background radiation noise is achieved using geometric methodologies. The detection system is operative to facilitate the detection of low level flux of thermalized neutrons.

The present invention discloses a forest fire status monitoring system based on infrared camera. Said monitoring system includes infrared camera placed on the monitoring tower and ground monitoring centre. Said invention utilizes the infrared camera placed on the monitoring tower to make circular scan so as to obtain topographical image, then according to the difference of fire point and background radiation intensity and quantification relationship of flame temperature and radiation intensity utilizes image identification technique to attain goal of judging forest fire status.

At least one pair of hodoscope radiation monitors arranged to simultaneously monitor a target region that contains a source of radiation. The hodoscopes are preferably arranged so that their fields of view of the region are approximately orthogonal. The fields of view of the two detectors will overlap in a region that contains the source of radiation. Each of the two detectors will record radiation from the overlap region and, in addition, will record background radiation emanating from other regions within detector fields of view. The present invention provides statistical correlation techniques to estimate the extent to which unusually high radiation originates in the overlap region, irrespective of background in the field-of-view of individual hodoscope detectors. The source of radiation might be spontaneous, might be from an activation process, or might be scattered in from an external beam.

A method for measuring time of flight of radiation includes emitting modulated radiation (51) in response to a first modulation signal, projecting the modulated radiation (51) onto a scene (55), and receiving radiation, the received radiation including at least modulated radiation reflected by the scene (55). The received radiation (26, 27) is converted into a radiation induced electrical signal. The radiation induced electrical signal is mixed with a second modulation signal, thus generating a mixed signal, which is integrated, thus generating an integrated signal. When the integrated signal exceeds a threshold value (Vref), charge is injected into the integrated signal. The method includes applying changes to the first and / or second modulation signal at one or more moments in time, and measuring the integrated signal at one or more moments in time, thus obtaining at least one TOF pair difference signal (62). The measuring includes using a single detector node (38) and associated memory element (25), to obtain a TOF pair difference signal (62). The method furthermore includes using one or more TOF pair difference signals to determine time of flight of radiation.

An absorption spectrometer provides improved rejection of background radiation signal by employing a frequency-swept laser signal without frequency dithering and performing an effective differentiation of output light from a test cell to eliminate these constant or slowly varying background radiation levels.

A spectrometer for detecting and quantifying elements in a sample. An exciter ionizes atoms in the sample, and the atoms thereby produce characteristic x-rays. A detector receives the x-rays and produces signals based on the x-rays. A filter system selectively blocks the x-rays from attaining the detector. The selective blocking of the x-rays is accomplished based on an energy of the x-rays. An analyzer receives the signals from the detector and detects and quantifies the elements in the sample based at least in part on the signals. In this manner, detector receives the light element x-rays, and the medium and heavy element x-rays are filtered out to avoid overwhelming the detector. This invention combines the large solid angle, high efficiency, and ability to measure the continuous background spectrum of the energy dispersive x-ray detector with the selectivity of the wavelength dispersive x-ray detector. It thus enables faster and more accurate measurement of light elements in thin films. This invention enhances the light element performance of a system by enabling higher throughput, lower e-beam and x-ray dose to the sample, and improved accuracy from the capability to measure the background radiation.

Methods and apparatus for logging a wellbore and determining a presence or absence of a hydrocarbon bearing formation are disclosed. A sonde includes at least two gamma radiation detectors that are utilized for chlorine logging and lifetime logging in combination. Additionally, two detectors of the sonde are spaced axially from each other at different distances from the source to enable determination and compensation for various other parameters such as porosity and water flow velocity. Appropriate gating of the detectors enables sensing total counts of radiation emitted from adjacent formations and sensing of specific energy ranges of radiation when the formation is bombarded with energy. Signals from the lifetime logging enable adjustment of the chlorine logging for a borehole effect and background radiation. The detectors can include a sheath of a high capture cross-section material that interacts with neutrons to produce gamma radiation to shield the detectors.

A method for measuring time of flight of radiation includes emitting modulated radiation in response to a first modulation signal, projecting the modulated radiation onto a scene, receiving radiation, the received radiation comprising a first portion being the modulated radiation reflected by the scene and a second portion being background radiation, converting the received radiation into a signal on a conversion node, the signal on the conversion node having a first and second signal component, the first signal component being indicative of the background radiation and the second signal component being dependent on the reflected modulated radiation, and determining the time of light of the radiation based on the second signal component. A corresponding device is also provided.

The invention discloses a calibration device of an infrared radiometer and a calibration method of the infrared radiometer, belonging to the field of infrared measurement. The device comprises a standard infrared radiation source, an infrared optical collimation system and a plurality of standard detectors and computers; the infrared optical collimation system is formed by a plane mirror and an off-axis parabolic mirror. The infrared radiation emitted by the standard infrared radiation source is received by a calibrated infrared radiometer or a standard detector directly or after being collimated by the infrared optical collimation system, and the measuring voltage of the collimated infrared radiometer or the standard detector is obtained correspondingly; the standard infrared radiation source is shielded, so that the collimated infrared radiometer or the standard detector receives the background radiation directly or via the infrared optical collimation system and correspondingly obtains the background voltage of the collimated infrared radiometer or the standard detector, thereby calculating the radiance responsiveness curve of the infrared radiometer. The device and the method disclosed by the invention solve the responsiveness calibration problem of large view infrared radiometer, and the calibration precision is high.

A system for quickly measuring and displaying in real-time a variety of performance characteristics of IR optical components such as lenses, or the like. The system is video based and is under the control of a computer which uses a windowing software program to provide the user with a graphical user interface by which the various components of the system and test lenses may be characterized and operated on through functions available via the interface. The system has features for compensating for the presence of IR background radiation that may be present during a measurement cycle and for drift in the video imager. Thermal management features are included to minimize IR background.

The present invention comprises a method for detecting and analyzing forensic evidence. A digital image is taken of background radiation from a suspected-evidence area suspected to contain evidence. The suspected-evidence area is exposed to a high-intensity pulse of ultraviolet radiation. Another digital image is taken of fluorescence within the exposed suspected-evidence area. The digital images are processed to create a composite digital image showing regions of evidence. The composite digital image is analyzed to determine the wavelength of fluorescent radiation emitted by the regions of evidence. Composite evidence image and the analysis results are displayed. The present invention also comprises a forensic evidence detection and analysis system that includes a digital camera, an ultraviolet light source, a computer and display, and a computer program installed on the computer.

A method for determining fracture geometry of a subterranean formation from radiation emitted from a fracture in the formation, including measuring gamma-radiation emitted from the fracture; subtracting background radiation from the measured gamma-radiation to obtain a peak-energy measurement; comparing the peak-energy measurement with a gamma-ray transport / spectrometer response model; and determining formation fracture geometry of the fracture in accordance with values associated with the response model.

The invention discloses a blue light filter film for visible light communication, which is structurally characterized in that a wide-pass band interference cutoff filter film, a high reflection film and an antireflection film are arranged on a substrate sequentially. The blue light filter film can greatly reduce noises formed due to a reason that visible illuminating light and background radiation enter a detector. Moreover, since the edge of the blue light filter film for blue light signal penetration and visible illuminating light cutoff is steep and accurate, when the visible illuminating light and near-infrared interference are filtered to an utmost extent, the loss of the blue light signals is minimum, the efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio of the visible light communication are remarkably improved, and the blue light filter film is very beneficial to the development and the application of fields such as the visible light communication.

A method for reducing the effects of background radiation introduced into gaseous plume spectral data obtained by an aerial imaging sensor, includes capturing spectral data of a gaseous plume with its obscured background along a first line of observation and capturing a second image of the previously obscured background along a different line of observation. The parallax shift of the plume enables the visual access needed to capture the radiometric data emanating exclusively from the background. The images are then corresponded on a pixel-by-pixel basis to produce a mapping. An image-processing algorithm is applied to the mapped images to reducing the effects of background radiation and derive information about the content of the plume.

The invention discloses a night-vision device with ranging function, and belongs to the field of monitoring devices. The technical scheme is that: the night-vision device comprises a pulse laser and an ICCD camera with a gate, wherein the ICCD camera can realize range-gated imaging; a range-gated synchronous controller is arranged between the pulse laser and the ICCD camera; the range-gated synchronous controller can make pulses of the pulse laser and the ICCD camera correctly matched on time sequence, separate useful signals reflected by background radiation and an object due to back scattering in different ranges according to the time sequence, so that the useful signals reflected by the detected object reach the camera and are imaged just in the gate working time of the camera. The night-vision device has the advantage that: the night-vision device automatically measuring the range between the camera and the object through the pulse laser and the ICCD camera with the range-gated imaging function, and makes the monitoring more effective.

The mobile radio unit (phone, smartphone) comprises body 16 with an incorporated processor 1. The processor 1 is connected with memory 2, display 3, audible alarm aids 4, keyboard 5, power unit 6, navigator 9, and transceiver 15. The radio unit is equipped with radiation detector 8, electronic amplifier 7 and interface 10 connected to the processor 1. The detector 8 provides measuring alpha-, beta-, gamma- and neutron emissions and solar radiation levels. The processor 1 is provided with software, which ensures both communication functions and control, warning of exposure levels, measuring background radiation, building diagrams illustrating state of human organs. The keyboard 5 comprises keys for dosimeter and / or radiometer mode control. The detector 8, the interface 10 and the amplifier 7 can be placed in the mobile unit body 16 or in separate detachable unit. Thus, there was constructed an efficient mobile unit, which ensures an extended functionality.

A method for measuring time of flight of radiation includes emitting modulated radiation in response to a first modulation signal, projecting the modulated radiation onto a scene, receiving radiation, the received radiation comprising a first portion being the modulated radiation reflected by the scene and a second portion being background radiation, converting the received radiation into a signal on a conversion node, the signal on the conversion node having a first and second signal component, the first signal component being indicative of the background radiation and the second signal component being dependent on the reflected modulated radiation, and determining the time of light of the radiation based on the second signal component. A corresponding device is also provided.

The invention discloses a laser radar set with high spectral resolution. After a frequency locking system frequency-locks an expanded-field-based Michelson interferometer filter to a single-frequency polarized pulse laser, beams emitted by the single-frequency polarized pulse laser are reflected to detected atmosphere by reflectors a and b after passing a beam expander; after the beams are scattered by atmospheric molecules and aerosol particles, laser radar echo signals are generated; the laser radar echo signals are collected by a telescope; after sky background radiation is filtered by an optical filter, the signals are split by a beam splitter; one signal is reflected into a photoelectric detector a, and the other signal penetrates a polarizing splitter prism b before being divided into two; S-polarized signals are reflected into a photoelectric detector b, and P-polarized signals penetrate a high spectra resolution filer; the P-polarized signals passes the expanded-field-based Michelson interferometer filter to be received by a photoelectric detector c. The laser radar set with high spectral resolution is free of wavelength limitation, has large visual angle and is highly capable of searching laser radar echo signals.

The invention discloses an ore separation system and method based on microwave heating and infrared array imaging. The system comprises a vibration feeder, a conveying belt, a microwave heating device, an infrared array imaging detecting device and an ore separation device. The vibration feeder is used for conveying to-be-separated raw ore particles to the belt. The conveying belt is used for conveying the to-be-separated raw ore particles to the microwave heating device for performing microwave heating on the to-be-separated raw ore particles. The vibration feeder comprises a bin. The outlet at the lower end of the bin is located above one end of a chute. One end of the chute is mounted on a vibration motor. The discharge outlet at the other end of the chute corresponds to an optical detecting device. The infrared array imaging detecting device comprises an infrared array camera, a background radiation plate and an automatic dust removing device, wherein the infrared array camera receives the infrared radiation signals of the to-be-separated raw ore particles and transmits digital images acquired after A / D conversion to a computer for analyzing and processing through a data line. The ore separation device is a valve terminal connected with a gas source and used for separating the waste rock particles in the to-be-separated raw ore particles through blowing. The invention further discloses a method using the system.

The invention provides a real-time space-based infrared visual simulation method acquiring target radiation intensity data, earth background radiation intensity data and atmosphere path radiation intensity data via simulation calculation, and then utilizing a satellite sensor simulation model to map the above three radiation intensity data to infrared imaging data. An imaging process of an early-warning satellite sensing system can be simulated in real time; gray level images corresponding to infrared radiation of a target and a scene can be output; and the method can facilitate evaluation of infrared target features of carrier rockets, missiles and aircrafts and performance of satellites detection.

A network of radiation detection instruments, each having a small solid state radiation sensor module integrated into a cellular phone for providing radiation detection data and analysis directly to a user. The sensor module includes a solid-state crystal bonded to an ASIC readout providing a low cost, low power, light weight compact instrument to detect and measure radiation energies in the local ambient radiation field. In particular, the photon energy, time of event, and location of the detection instrument at the time of detection is recorded for real time transmission to a central data collection / analysis system. The collected data from the entire network of radiation detection instruments are combined by intelligent correlation / analysis algorithms which map the background radiation and detect, identify and track radiation anomalies in the region.

The invention provides an infrared array radiation source calibration device and method. The device comprises a light source system, a collimation optical system, a plane reflector, a precise rotary table, a convergence optical system, an infrared image acquisition system, a radiation detection system, a data acquisition system, a computer and a measurement and control system. According to the infrared array radiation source calibration device and method, a method for comparing a measured infrared array radiation source with a reference black body is adopted, a first-stage standard black bodyis selected for the reference black body, the first-stage standard black body can be directly traced to a freezing point black body, the temperature stability of the first-stage standard black body is+ / -0.1 DEG C / h, the emissivity can reach 0.995, the measurement accuracy is greatly improved, and the uncertainty of a measurement result is reduced; and a background source is used for eliminating background radiation, increasing the detection capability of the radiation detection system and improving the detection precision and stability of the system, the low background source is made into a hollow barrel shape, all the internal structures are welded in a sealed mode so as to allow liquid nitrogen to be injected, a cold background is provided for a detector, radiation of the environment isreduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved.

The invention discloses a high temperature condition semi-transparent material spectral emissivity measurement device and method. The device comprises a Fourier infrared spectrometer, a black body radiation source, a conversion optical path, a heating device, a sample cavity device, a conduction rail, a data acquirer and personal computers, and the Fourier infrared spectrometer is connected with the first personal computer; the black body radiation source is controlled by a numerical PID controller; the heating device is controlled by a temperature controller; a sample cavity is put on the conduction rail, a semi-transparent sample is fixed to the sample cavity, a thermocouple is fixed to the surface of the sample and is connected with the data acquirer, and the data acquirer is connectedwith the second personal computer. Through the quickly moving sample, background radiation when the semi-transparent material emissivity is measured by the heating device is removed to measure the emissivity, and the emissivity measurement principle is consistent to a non-transparent material emissivity measurement principle; the device is simple in design structure and operating step and high inmeasurement precision.

The invention provides a coherent differential absorption laser radar comprising a first tunable continuous wave laser, a second tunable continuous wave laser, a beam splitter, an acousto-optic modulator, a laser amplifier, a circulator, a transmitting and receiving telescope, a coupler, a balance detector, an acquisition card and a digital signal processing system. Two required laser wavelengthsare determined by selecting appropriate absorption lines of gas molecules to be tested in intermediate infrared, then local oscillation light and signal light are split by the beam splitter, frequencies are finally combined by the coupler, and the balance detector is used for detection to obtain a concentration of the gas molecules. Due to the larger gas absorption cross-section coefficient and lower background radiation of the intermediate infrared, the detection sensitivity is improved. The use of coherent detection instead of direct detection reduces the influence of low quantum efficiencyon the precision of detection, improves the utilization of echo signals, and improves the performance of the differential absorption laser radar.