36 results about "Heavy element" patented technology

This invention describes a system for generating multiple simultaneous tunable electron and photon beams and monochromatic x-rays for all field simultaneous radiation therapy (AFSRT), tumor specific AFSRT and screening for concealed elements worn on to the body or contained in a container. Inverse Compton scattering renders variable energy spent electron and tunable monochromatic x-rays. It's spent electron beam is reused for radiation with electron beam or to generate photon beam. Tumor specific radiation with Auger transformation radiation is facilitated by exposing high affinity tumor bound heavy elements with external monochromatic x-rays. Heavy elements like directly iodinated steroid molecule that has high affinity binding to estrogen receptor in breast cancer and to iodinated testosterone in prostate cancer or with directly implanted nanoparticles into the tumor are exposed with tuned external monochromatic x-rays for tumor specific radiation therapy. Likewise, screening element's atom's k, l, m, n shell specific Auger transformation radiation generated by its exposure to external monochromatic x-rays is used to screen for concealed objects. Multiple beam segments from a beam storage ring or from octagonal beam lines are simultaneously switched on for simultaneous radiation with multiple beams. The beam on time to expose a tumor or an object is only a few seconds. It also facilitates breathing synchronized radiation therapy. The intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and intensity modulated screening for concealed objects (IMSFCO) is rendered by varying beam intensities of multiple simultaneous beams. The isocentric additive high dose rate from simultaneously converging multiple beams, the concomitant hyperthermia and chemotherapy and tumor specific radiation therapy and the AFSRT's very low radiation to the normal tissue all are used to treat a tumor with lower radiation dose and to treat a radioresistant and multiple times recurrent tumors that heave no other alternative treatments.

A spectrometer for detecting and quantifying elements in a sample. An exciter ionizes atoms in the sample, and the atoms thereby produce characteristic x-rays. A detector receives the x-rays and produces signals based on the x-rays. A filter system selectively blocks the x-rays from attaining the detector. The selective blocking of the x-rays is accomplished based on an energy of the x-rays. An analyzer receives the signals from the detector and detects and quantifies the elements in the sample based at least in part on the signals. In this manner, detector receives the light element x-rays, and the medium and heavy element x-rays are filtered out to avoid overwhelming the detector. This invention combines the large solid angle, high efficiency, and ability to measure the continuous background spectrum of the energy dispersive x-ray detector with the selectivity of the wavelength dispersive x-ray detector. It thus enables faster and more accurate measurement of light elements in thin films. This invention enhances the light element performance of a system by enabling higher throughput, lower e-beam and x-ray dose to the sample, and improved accuracy from the capability to measure the background radiation.

A technique for appropriately separating three components contained in radiographic images is disclosed. A component image generating unit separates an image component, which represents any one of a soft part component, a bone component and a heavy element component including an element having an atomic number higher than that of the bone component in a subject, from inputted three radiographic images, which represents degrees of transmission of three patterns of radiations having different energy distributions through the subject, by calculating a weighted sum for each combination of corresponding pixels between the three radiographic images using predetermined weighting factors.

Methods and apparatus for analyzing a test sample using complementary techniques, such as x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES), are disclosed for registering two or more test instruments, in relation to the test sample, such that each of the instruments analyzes substantially the same region as is analyzed by the other instrument(s), and for communicating analytical results between or among the instruments, or between the instruments and another component, to enable one or more of the instruments, or the other component, to combine the results and, thereby, more completely and accurately determine the composition of the test sample. Such registration and communication enables, for example, separate XRF and OES instruments to collectively determine the composition of the test sample, including the absolute amounts of light and heavy elements in the test material.

Systems, methods, and devices are provided to determine an accurate neutron-gamma density (NGD) measurement for a broad range of formations, including low-hydrogen-index or low-porosity formations and formations with heavy elements. For example, such an NGD measurement may be obtained by emitting neutrons into a formation such that some of the neutrons inelastically scatter off elements of the formation and generate inelastic gamma rays. The neutrons and inelastic gamma rays that return to the downhole tool may be detected. Some characteristics of certain formations are believed to affect the fast neutron transport of the formations. Thus, if a formation has one or more of such characteristics, a correction may be applied to the count rate of neutrons, the count rate of inelastic gamma rays, or the neutron transport correction function, upon which the neutron-gamma density (NGD) may be determined.

Systems and methods for detecting x-rays are disclosed herein. One or more x-ray-sensitive scintillators can be configured from a plurality of heavy element nano-sized particles and a plastic material, such as polystyrene. As will be explained in greater detail herein, the heavy element nano-sized particles (e.g., PbWO₄) can be compounded into the plastic material with at least one dopant that permits the plastic material to scintillate. X-rays interact with the heavy element nano-sized particles to produce electrons that can deposit energy in the x-ray sensitive scintillator, which in turn can produce light.

There is provided a fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus in which a detection lower limit is improved, and it is possible to quantify a trace aimed element having been contained not only in a sample whose main component is a heavy element but also in a sample whose main component is a light element. The fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus possesses a sample base supporting the sample, an X-ray source irradiating a primary X-ray with a predetermined irradiation position being made a center, and a detector disposed toward the irradiation position and detecting a fluorescent X-ray generated from the sample. The sample base has a detachable sample holding tool fixing the sample while being approached to the X-ray source and the detector, and a measurement is possible by selectively disposing the sample in any one of a 1st inspection position in which an irradiated face is coincided with the irradiation position, or a 2nd inspection position in which the sample is fixed to the sample holding tool, an irradiated face is approached to the X-ray source, and an inspected face is approached to the detector.

To provide a neutron scintillator, which does not contain a heavy element, which is absolutely necessary in realizing a scintillation detector having low sensitivity to gamma ray and fully capable of counting high intensity neutron, Cu is doped in oxide comprised of Li and B. The oxide comprised of Li and B is a transparent single crystal having composition ratio of Li2B4O7. The neutron scintillator contains Cu by 0.001 to 0.1 wt %. Furthermore, a (001) plane cut off perpendicularly to a growth axis and polished from the single crystal whose orientation has been grown in a <001> axis is made to be a scintillator plate crystal.

The invention discloses a combined spectral detection method for import and export detection of bulk and valuable goods, and the method is realized combined with a spectral detector. The complete machine of the spectral detector comprises a main controller, a user interactive display screen, an integrated multi-path regulated power supply, an LIBS subsystem, a ranging subsystem, a cassegrain telescope, an XRF subsystem and a BLR subsystem. The combined spectral detection method comprises two steps: long-range LIBS rough detection and short-range comprehensive spectral fine measurement. The combined spectral detection method has the beneficial effects: simultaneous detection of light and heavy elements is realized, simultaneous detection of atomic structures and high molecular structures is realized by combining LIBS, XRF and BLR, hardware resources are saved by multiplexing the BLR and LIBS with spectral channels, and non-metallic elements such as sulfur can be detected by spectral analysis of LIBS covering a near-infrared section. The instrument and method can solve the problems of feature recognition and combined detection of elements and molecular structures of cross-border goods to be detected, and realize quick identification of bulk and valuable typical cross-border goods and on-site detection of hazardous materials in goods.

A method for the treatment of a tumor, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a complex of a heavy element with a polydentate, pyrrole-containing macrocyclic ligand substituted with charged chemical groups, wherein said complex is capable of bringing said heavy element into close proximity to the nuclear DNA of cells in said tumors, and irradiating said tumor with photons above the K or L shell adsorption edge of said heavy element to elicit the emission of densely ionizing Auger electrons at the level of DNA.

The invention provides a mid-infrared spectrum portable detecting system capable of simultaneously measuring the content of various kinds of heavy metal of plants, and belongs to the field of detection of the content of heavy metal of the plants. The portable detecting system consists of five parts including sample preparation, spectrum scanning, intelligent detection, result output and work condition guarantee. The functions of mid-infrared spectrum scanning, spectral information identification and digital conversion, spectrum data base building and updating, base building and model buildingthrough machine study and model precision improvement are realized; the one-key type automatic measurement on various heavy elements on the plants is realized. Compared with the prior art, the mid-infrared spectrum portable detecting system has the advantages that the specialty and experience requirements on detection persons are lowered; the time and the expenditure are saved; the reliability andthe accuracy of the detection are improved; the in-situ measurement and the field investigation are convenient.

The present invention relates to a grain production place discriminating method which utilizes a heavy element isotope ratio composition. The isotope ratios of strontium and lead which are contained in the grain, namely an abundance ratio of a strontium isotope which is composed of mass numbers of 87 and 86, and a lead isotope which is composed of mass numbers of 208,207,206 and 204 are analyzed. The production place of the grain is discriminated through the analysis information.

The invention relates to the technical field of X-ray fluorescence detection and particularly discloses a special X-ray fluorescence energy spectrometer for the high-precision cement industry. The special X-ray fluorescence energy spectrometer comprises an X light pipe, a diffraction crystal, a sample stage and a detector, wherein the diffraction crystal is a full-focus bent crystal with double curved surfaces and is prepared from a Ge(111) crystal; the X light pipe adopts an Ag target material; the diffraction crystal monochromatizes an Ag:La ray of an X light pipe primary spectrum and focuses the Ag:La ray to a sample detection surface to stimulate light elements difficult to stimulate in a sample. Meanwhile, the X light pipe primary spectrum stimulates fluorescent rays GE:Ka and Ge:Kb of Ge to stimulate heavy elements easy to stimulate in a sample. The continuous background of a detector is very low, and all elements of raw materials in the cement production process can be accurately analyzed.

Contrast agents developed specifically for x-ray diagnostics provide dose-enhanced radiotherapy and radiosurgery. The presence of heavy elements, for example, gold or iron, from these contrast agents, even small quantities, leads to a major dose increase in target tissue when combined with in vivo calibration of the amount of contrast agent. The technique can also be used in combination with other techniques, such as focused x-rays, to achieve further enhancement of therapeutic ratio. The technique is enhanced by employing oil-based contrast agents, which will remain in the target much longer than conventional agents. Through optimization of the equipment it is possible to achieve very large ratios of dose in target to dose in healthy tissue.

Elements, of which the atomic numbers are smaller than 10, are ultralight elements. At present, an electron probe mainly can detect elements such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine. Due to long wavelength of characteristic X-rays, the penetration capacities of these elements are low, the fluorescence yield is low, the background strength is high, and the interference with overlapped peaks of L and M lines of heavy elements is serious. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze the ultralight elements by using the electron probe or scanning electron microscopy /energy dispersive spectrometer. When the method is used for quantitative analysis on a boron sample by the electron probe, quantitative analysis is performed by changing accelerating voltage, reducing electron penetration depth and selecting a 10KV accelerating voltage, so that more satisfactory boron micro area quantitative analysis and element area distribution results can be achieved.

The invention relates to a statistical method for screening composite inclusions in steel, belonging to the technical field of statistical measurement of non-metallic inclusions in steel. First, the automatic statistics of non-metallic inclusions is carried out, and all inclusions are obtained by automatic scanning, and the total number of inclusions is N0; then multiple screening is carried out to select all the heavy element inclusions in the statistical results and to find out the light element inclusions around them. Judging the shape of inclusion, judging whether heavy element inclusion and light element inclusion overlap or not; the number of all overlapping pairs of light and heavy inclusions was recorded as Na, while the number of overlapping pairs of light and heavy inclusions wasrecorded as Na. The total inclusions Nb and the total composite inclusions Nc are calculated; the total number of inclusions Nm is Nm=N0-Nb+Nc. Finally, the analysis report is given. The invention has the advantages of automatically correcting the problem that the composite inclusions are divided into several independent inclusions for multiple measurement and statistics, so that the statisticalresults accord with the real situation of the sample.

The invention discloses novel X-ray radiation protective materials which are formed by evenly mixing fine-particle-shaped ray absorbing materials and ceramic materials and burning the fine-particle-shaped ray absorbing materials and the ceramic materials at high temperature. The novel X-ray radiation protective materials are characterized in that the absorbing materials are mainly composed of heavy elements such as lead, tungsten, copper and rare earth or chemical compound of the heavy elements, and ceramic is made to have a strong X-ray protective function at the same time. The novel X-ray radiation protective materials can be used for protection of X-rays of equipment such as accelerators, ion sources, and X-ray machines.

A method for purification and separation of mixed elements, comprising at least a first free flow electrophoresis separation chamber, wherein a solution of the mixed elements is passed through the first separation chamber, an electric field submitted perpendicular to the solution flow and separating mobile ions of the solution based on electrophoretic mobility. A continuous method comprises selecting a complexing ligand, and controlling the temperature and pH of the solution. Also, a system or method for separating components of a multi-component concentrate comprising directing solution to at least a first and second channel each receiving part of the solution; each channel comprising a concentration section comprising a first transverse electric field across the channel, a fractionation section comprising a second electric field in a direction opposite the first electric field thereby distributing ions of the solution across the channel, and a flow splitter at an output of the fractionation section that divides the flow of each channel into subflows concentrated in heavier elements and concentrated in lighter elements.

The invention relates to a novel X-ray radiation protective ceramic material which is made by evenly blending fine-grain-shaped ray absorbing substance with ceramic raw materials and then sintering at a high temperature. The novel X-ray radiation protective ceramic material is characterized in that the absorbing substance is mainly made of heavy elements such as lead, tungsten, copper and rare earth or compound of these heavy elements. Accordingly, the ceramic material has high X-ray protection capacity and is applicable to X-ray protection of equipment such as accelerators, ion sources and X-ray machines.

The present invention specifically relates to a laser-induced test method for soil heavy metal chromium, the steps of which are as follows: step 1, configure a gradient concentration of chromium chloride solution, then weigh a plurality of standard soils of the same quality as a mixture, and mix chromium chloride with The standard soil is mixed to obtain multiple gradient standard soils; step 2, using laser induction technology to test the iron element spectral intensity and chromium element spectral intensity of the gradient standard soil, and the chromium element concentration and iron element concentration in the standard soil; step 3, using laser induction Technically test the soil to be tested to obtain the spectral intensity of iron element, spectral intensity of chromium element and the intensity ratio of chromium element to iron element; step 4, mix the standard soil with the soil to be tested to obtain a mixed soil, and use laser induction technology to test the iron element The spectral intensity and the spectral intensity of the chromium element; step 5, the spectral intensity of the chromium element in the soil to be measured is obtained through comparison and calculation. The detection method provided by the invention is simple and fast, has high accuracy and small error.

The invention relates to polyimide fiber with multi-block structure and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method includes: allowing adamantane structure containing aliphatic diamine monomer to react with hydrogenated dianhydride containing monomer to obtain a solution A; allowing carboxyl side chain containing diamine monomer to react with diphenylketone structure containing dianhydride monomer to obtain a solution B; allowing the solution A to be in polymerization reaction with the solution B, adding heavy element ion salt for complexing, finally spinning, and performing thermal treatment. The method is simple in operation, environment-friendly in process, conducive to large-scale preparation and great in industrialization prospect; the polyimide fiber obtainedby the method has good neutron radiation resistant effect and excellent mechanical performance, heat resistance, solvent resistance, radiation resistance and corrosion resistance and can be applied in special environments with nuclear radiation and electromagnetic radiation.