460 results about "Scintillation" patented technology

A radiation sensor including a scintillation layer configured to emit photons upon interaction with ionizing radiation and a photodetector including in order a first electrode, a photosensitive layer, and a photon-transmissive second electrode disposed in proximity to the scintillation layer. The photosensitive layer is configured to generate electron-hole pairs upon interaction with a part of the photons. The radiation sensor includes pixel circuitry electrically connected to the first electrode and configured to measure an imaging signal indicative of the electron-hole pairs generated in the photosensitive layer and a planarization layer disposed on the pixel circuitry between the first electrode and the pixel circuitry such that the first electrode is above a plane including the pixel circuitry. A surface of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode at least partially overlaps the pixel circuitry and has a surface inflection above features of the pixel circuitry. The surface inflection has a radius of curvature greater than one half micron.

A high efficiency radiation detector employs longitudinally extending converter elements receiving longitudinally propagating radiation to produce high-energetic electrons received by detector structures in interstitial spaces. The secondary electron generation in this architecture allows great freedom in selection of converter materials and thickness. A variety of detector mechanisms may be used including ionization-type detectors or scintillation-type detector.

An on-line energy coincidence method for an all-digital PET system, comprising: a detection module conducting information collection on a scintillation pulse, forming a single event data frame and sending the single event data frame to an upper computer (S1); the upper computer conducting two-bit position distribution statistics on an incident gamma photon event and conducting position spectrum partition (S2); performing statistics on an energy distribution spectrum of each crystal bar, so as to acquire an energy correction value (S3); the detection module uploading a crystal bar partition data table and an energy peak correction data table (S4); starting information collection of on-line energy correction (S5); when an event is coming, according to a two-dimensional coordinate thereof, from the crystal partition table, searching for a crystal bar number corresponding thereto, and then, according to the crystal bar number, searching for an energy correction value from the energy correction table (S6); and sending data passing the energy coincidence to the upper computer (S7). The method achieves fully automatic and fast on-line energy coincidence, and not only achieves the requirements of the variable structure PET for the fully automatic and fast correction, but also filters useless data in a transmission medium to a greater degree at the same time, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing a valid data bandwidth.

A neutron detector is provided which is able to measure thermal neutron radiation within a gap filled with a substance that permits scintillation in the absorption of thermal neutron radiation, the gap being formed between at least a first and second spaced apart photodetector working in electrical coincidence. The substance disposed within the gap can be either a gas, liquid or solid. In the case of a gas, a shell is used so that the gas can be retained and kept under pressure. The neutron detector is able to differentiate between gamma radiation and neutron energy. An alternate embodiment of the novel detector includes a device which employs a plurality of detectors surrounding a moderator which can be used to measure both thermal and high energy neutrons.

A scintillator system is provided to detect the presence of fissile material and radioactive material. One or more neutron detectors are based on 6LiF mixed in a binder medium with scintillator material, and are optically coupled to one or more wavelength shifting fiber optic light guide media that have a tapered portion extending from the scintillator material to guide light from the scintillator material to a photosensor at the tapered portion. An electrical output of the photosensor is connected to an input of a first pre-amp circuit designed to operate close to a pulse shape and duration of a light pulse from the scintillator material, without signal distortion. The scintillator material includes a set of scintillation layers connected to the wavelength shifting fiber optic light guide media that guide light to the photosensor. Moderator material is applied around the set of scintillation layers increasing detector efficiency.

Scintillation materials of this invention have an alkali halide host material, a (first) scintillation dopant of various types, and a variety of second dopants (co-dopants). In another embodiment, the scintillation materials of this invention have an alkali halide host material, a (first) scintillation dopant of various types, a variety of second dopants (co-dopants), and a variety of third dopants (co-dopants). Co-dopants of this invention are capable of providing a second auxiliary luminescent cation dopant, capable of introducing an anion size and electronegativity mismatch, capable of introducing a mismatch of anion charge, or introducing a mismatch of cation charge in the host material.

The invention, which relates to the liquid crystal display panel driving technology field, discloses a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel in a polarity-reversal mode and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps that: four frames form a polarity-reversal driving period and any of the four frames with a polarity arrangement mode can be used as an initial frame; and a displayed image is scanned in the way of a right order or a reversed order of the four frames. Besides, polarity arrangement modes of the first frame and the third frame in the polarity-reversal driving period are identical and the polarities thereof are opposite; polarity arrangement modes of the second frame and the fourth frame are identical and the polarities are opposite; and the polarity arrangement mode of the first frame is different from the one of the second frame. In addition, the invention also provides an apparatus for realizing the method. According to the designed driving scheme, occurrences of scintillation and crosstalk phenomena that occur on a liquid crystal display panel when a certain picture is displayed can be reduced.

The invention relates to an inorganic scintillator material of formula Lu(2−y)Y(y−z−x)CexMzSi(1−v)M′vO5, in which:M represents a divalent alkaline earth metal and M′ represents a trivalent metal, (z+v) being greater than or equal to 0.0001 and less than or equal to 0.2,z being greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2;v being greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2,x being greater than or equal to 0.0001 and less than 0.1; andy ranging from (x+z) to 1.In particular, this material may equip scintillation detectors for applications in industry, for the medical field (scanners) and / or for detection in oil drilling, The presence of Ca in the crystal reduces the afterglow, while stopping power for high-energy radiation remains high.

An improved fast neutron detector fabricated with alternating layers of hydrogenous, optically transparent, non scintillating material and scintillating material. Fast neutrons interact with the hydrogenous material generating recoil protons. The recoil protons enter the scintillating material resulting in scintillations. The detector is optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube which generates electrical pulses proportional in amplitude to the intensity of the scintillations, and therefore are an indication of the energy of the fast neutrons impinging upon the detector. Alternating layers of materials are dimensioned to optimize total efficiency of the detector, or to optimize the spectroscopy efficiency of the detector. The scintillating material is preferably ZnS, and the hydrogenous material is preferably plastic. The detector is ideally suited for well logging applications and fast neutron monitor applications.

A data measurement system (DMS) (30) for a computed tomography (CT) scanner (12) includes a plurality of connectorized detector sub-array modules (32). Each detector sub-array module (32) includes: a scintillator (40) that produces scintillation events responsive to irradiation by x-rays; a photodetector array (42) arranged to detect the scintillations; and two symmetrically arranged signal connectors (541, 542) that transmit the photodetector signals. Symmetrically mounted pipeline cards (60) mate with the signal connectors (54) of each side of groups of the detector sub-array modules (32) to receive the photodetector signals. A processor (64) communicating with the pipeline cards (60) receives the photodetector signals from the pipeline cards (60) and constructs a DMS output from the photodetector signals.

An all-optical precision gunnery simulation (PGS) system that may be adapted to simulate many tactical gunnery scenarios. The eye-safe system of this invention uses a 1550 nanometer optical infrared (IR) signal to permit increased range and field-of-view (FOV) and reduced scintillation over that of the 904 nanometer IR signals known in the art. Temporal and spatial diversity permit error-free operation over long ranges through dust and scintillation. The system performs all trajectory simulation and hit-miss assessment at the target, thereby permitting the shooter to "fire and forget" without holding station to monitor the target position. The simulation results may be reported to the shooter by passively modulating the retroreflection of an optical return window signal from the shooter. Alternatively, the target may compute shooter position from incoming optical pixel signal data for use in reporting by means of an active narrow-beam optical signal from the target back to the shooter.

A gamma ray detector uses a scintillation detector having a response that matches a response characteristic of a photodiode. The detector may be used to measure natural gamma rays and / or gamma rays produced by interaction of neutrons from a neutron source with the earth formation.

The invention discloses a surface plasma fluorescence-enhanced nano composite structure film, which has the components of SiO2 with amino and composite nanoparticles with a nano composite structure, wherein the cores of the composite nanoparticles are metal nanoparticles, and the outer layers are quantum dots; and the metal nanoparticles are connected with the quantum dots through a SiO2 layer with the thickness of 4 to 30nm. The surface plasma fluorescence enhancement effect caused by the nano composite structure in the film makes fluorescence quantum efficiency of the quantum dots in the film greatly improved and the scintillation effect thereof eliminated. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the film. The nano composite structure film prepared by the method overcomes the defects of the quantum dots, which has great significance for applying the quantum dots in medicaments, biological detection, photoelectric conversion and Raman scattering, particularly using the quantum dots as single photon source in the field of quantum dot coding.

The invention discloses a multi-layer scintillation detector and a measurement method for high-energy proton and neutron energy spectrum measurement. The sensitive volume of the detector is formed by wrapping a scintillant with another scintillant; an interlayer is arranged between the inner layer scintillant and the outer layer scintillant; two photomultipliers are arranged on the two sides of the scintillants, and correspond to the two scintillants respectively; the interlayer is provided with a window in a position corresponding to the inner layer photomultiplier; the scintillants are pressure-welded and fixed by a housing; and the photomultipliers are fixed on the housing by photomultiplier bases. The detector can be used for the high-energy proton and neutron energy spectrum measurement under a charged particle, neutron and gamma ray complicated mixing field.

Embodiments of the invention pertain to a method and apparatus for spectral deconvolution of detector spectra. In a specific embodiment, the method can be applied to sodium iodide scintillation detector spectra. An adaptive chi-processed (ACHIP) denoising technique can be used to remove the results of stochastic noise from low-count detector spectra. Embodiments of the ACHIP denoising algorithm can be used as a stand alone tool for rapid processing of one dimensional data with a Poisson noise component. In a specific embodiment, the denoising technique can be combined with the spectral deconvolution method. Embodiments of the denoising technique and embodiments of the deconvolution method can be applied to any detector material that provides a radiation spectrum. Specific embodiments can incorporate one or more of the following for spectral deconvolution: denoising, background subtraction, detector response function generation, and subtraction of detector response functions. Photopeaks can be rapidly identified, starting at the high-energy end of the spectrum. The detector response functions can be estimated for photopeaks with a combination of Monte Carlo simulations and simple transformations.

A detector for detecting radiation, the detector comprising: a plurality of elongate scintillator segments arranged in a side by side array; and at least one pair of light sensors optically coupled to ends of each of the elongate scintillator such that they receive light from scintillations produced in the scintillator and generate electrical signals responsive thereto.

The invention comprises a system for controlling a charged particle beam shape and direction relative to a controlled and dynamically positioned patient and / or an imaging surface, such as a scintillation plate of a tomography system and / or a first two-dimensional imaging system coupled to a second two-dimensional imaging system. Multiple interlinked beam / patient / imaging control stations allow safe zone operation and clear interaction with the charged particle beam system and the patient. Both treatment and imaging are facilitated using automated sequences controlled with a work-flow control system.

A method of generating scintillation prediction data comprises: •a) for a plurality of satellites (12A), and reference stations (10A, 10B, 10C, 10D) measuring phase scintillation data, satellite by satellite for each reference station during multiple epochs (t−2, t−1, t, t+k); •b) forecasting an expected phase scintillation value for each satellite and reference station for a period of at least 24 hours based on a cyclical prediction model; •c) for a given user location (20) and a given satellite, spatially interpolating the expected phase scintillation values of the plurality of reference stations to determine a predicted phase scintillation index; •d) repeating step c) for further satellites visible from the user location.

An optical field sensing system and an associated method are provided that are tolerant of scintillation. The system includes a wavefront sensor that measures gradients across a wavefront at a first resolution defined by the subapertures of the wavefront sensor. The system also includes an intensity sensor that measures the intensity across the wavefront at a higher resolution. The system further includes a wavefront processor that determines respective phases across the wavefront. In addition to the gradients and the intensity measurements, the wavefront processor may determine the respective phases based also upon the noise affiliated with the measurements. In this regard, the wavefront processor may determine the respective phases across the wavefront at least partially based upon the gradients as adjusted by weights that are based upon the intensity measured by the intensity sensor and are influenced by evidence of scintillation.

The invention relates to a method for determining an atmospheric turbulence parameter based on measurement of an M<2> factor and a light scintillation index and an experimental apparatus thereof, and belongs to the field of laser space communication. The method comprises the following steps of: performing collimating and beam-expanding on a Gaussian beam emitted by a laser by an optical transmitting antenna and transmitting, allowing the emitted Gaussian collimated beam to pass through atmospheric turbulence and receiving the emitted Gaussian collimated beam by an optical receiving antenna; splitting the received beam into two beams, of which one passes through an M<2> factor measuring apparatus and the other path passes through a light scintillation measuring apparatus; and finally determining the atmospheric turbulence parameter by using the measured M<2> factor and light scintillation index. The experimental apparatus for implementing the method comprises the laser, the optical transmitting antenna, the optical receiving antenna, a beam splitter, the M<2> factor measuring apparatus, the light scintillation measuring apparatus and a data processor. Through the method and the experimental apparatus of the invention, the atmospheric turbulence refractive index structure constant and scale parameter in the atmospheric turbulence are determined, and the experimental apparatus has a simple structure and is convenient to operate and measure.

The invention discloses a multifunctional X-ray orientation device and a method, and belongs to the field of single crystal material processing. The multifunctional X-ray orientation device comprises a working table, a radiation-proof protection cover, an X-ray generating system, a diffracted-ray receiving system, a crystal sample rotating table and a computer control system. A sample containing table in the crystal sample rotating table can be replaced through detachable bolts. The method includes the steps that the multifunctional X-ray orientation device is used to carry out crystal defect identification, different crystal characteristic measurement, manual orientation measurement and angle error obtaining. The multifunctional X-ray orientation device is integrated with an X-ray orientation device measurement system for a plurality of single crystals, the device cost is reduced, and the product homogeneity is guaranteed; detection data of all single crystal materials is fused and finished, the defect types of the single crystal materials are obtained in an intelligent mode, and the utilization efficiency of existing data is improved; a scintillation detector is used as an X-ray detector, the stability degree is high, the anti-interference capability is high, and the defects of a Geiger pipe are recovered.

A bundle of drawn fibers that have X-ray scintillating unagglommerated nanocrystallite particles in plastic or glass cores of down to 0.1 micron spacing and claddings of X-ray absorbing compounds in the cladding composition. Optional is a cover to the bundle that blocks light from leaving the bundle at the X-ray side while allowing X-rays to pass into the cores. To image the light exiting the fiber bundle at the sub-micron level, light expansion is preferable using either a lens system or a fiber bundle expander.

An x-ray radiography tomography device for a flexible riser, particularly a riser end fitting on a riser hangoff block on a petroleum platform, the x-ray radiography device comprising the following features: a) an x-ray source (1) of about 6 to 9 MeV arranged for directing said x-rays generally through an adjacent and an opposite sidewall portion of said riser; b) a collimator (2) arranged between said x-ray source (1) and said sidewall of said riser pipe being adjacent to said source (1), said collimator (2) arranged for directing radiation said x-rays in a beam fan generally extending in a plane perpendicular to a long axis of the riser; c) a sensor array (3) for receiving said x-ray beam fan after passage throug said riser pipe, said array comprising a plurality of scintillation detectors (30), said sensor array (3) arranged generally opposite of said source (1) with respect to said riser tube, and extending along a line extending generally perpendicular to said axis of said riser; d) an internal frame (7) for rotating the x-ray source (1), the collimator (2) and the sensor array (3) generally about said axis of said riser, said framework arranged on a circular guide rail (10) mounted around said flexible riser hangoff block.

A displacement difference dosimetry method is provided for use with in-vivo scintillating fiber radiation detectors. A scintillating fiber includes an insertion end which is incrementally inserted into a human body using a catheter or hypodermic needle to provide a fixed (but not necessarily known) insertion path. A photomultiplier tube is coupled to the other end of the scintillating fiber and detects both scintillation light and any Cerenkov light for each position of the scintillating fiber insertion end along the fixed insertion path. The change in the amount of light detected by the photomultiplier tube divided by the corresponding amount of change in position of the scintillating fiber insertion end gives a measure of the dose rate at the scintillation fiber tip which is substantially free from the effects of Cerenkov light.

An improved fast neutron detector fabricated with alternating layers of hydrogenous, optically transparent, non scintillating material and scintillating material. Fast neutrons interact with the hydrogenous material generating recoil protons. The recoil protons enter the scintillating material resulting in scintillations. The detector is optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube which generates electrical pulses proportional in amplitude to the intensity of the scintillations, and therefore are an indication of the energy of the fast neutrons impinging upon the detector. Alternating layers of materials are dimensioned to optimize total efficiency of the detector, or to optimize the spectroscopy efficiency of the detector. The scintillating material is preferably ZnS, and the hydrogenous material is preferably plastic. The detector is ideally suited for well logging applications and fast neutron monitor applications.