4766 results about "Lower limit" patented technology

Anisotropic film laminates for use in image-preserving reflectors such as rearview automotive mirror assemblies, and related methods of fabrication. A film may comprise an anisotropic layer such as a light-polarizing layer and other functional layers. The film having controlled water content is heated under omnidirectional pressure and vacuum to a temperature substantially equal to or above a lower limit of a glass-transition temperature range of the film so as to be laminated to a substrate. The laminate is configured as part of a mirror structure so as to increase contrast of light produced by a light source positioned behind the mirror structure and transmitted through the mirror structure towards a viewer. The mirror structure is devoid of any extended distortion and is characterized by SW and LW values less than 3, more preferably less than 2, and most preferably less than 1.

Anisotropic film laminates for use in image-preserving reflectors such as rearview automotive mirror assemblies, and related methods of fabrication. A film may comprise an anisotropic layer such as a light-polarizing layer and other functional layers. The film having controlled water content is heated under omnidirectional pressure and vacuum to a temperature substantially equal to or above a lower limit of a glass-transition temperature range of the film so as to be laminated to a substrate. The laminate is configured as part of a mirror structure so as to increase contrast of light produced by a light source positioned behind the mirror structure and transmitted through the mirror structure towards a viewer. The mirror structure is devoid of any extended distortion and is characterized by SW and LW values less than 3, more preferably less than 2, and most preferably less than 1.

A semiconductor processing system including a semiconductor processing apparatus and a gas supply apparatus for supplying a process gas into the semiconductor processing apparatus includes a control section configured to control an operation of a pressure adjusting mechanism for adjusting the pressure inside a vaporizing chamber. The control section is preset to cause the pressure inside the vaporizing chamber to fall within a predetermined pressure range with reference to a pressure detection value obtained by a pressure detector. The predetermined pressure range is defined by an upper limit lower than a first limit value, at which vaporization of the liquid material starts being inhibited due to an increase in the pressure, and a lower limit higher than a second limit value, at which vaporization of the liquid material starts being unstable and the pressure inside the vaporizing chamber starts pulsating movement due to a decrease in the pressure.

A device for varying the energy of a particle beam extracted from a fixed-energy particle accelerator includes a block of energy degrading material positioned in the path of the particle beam. The block of energy degrading material is preferably in the form of a ring arranged on a wheel. The ring is of a staircase configuration, having discrete steps defining a thickness between parallel entry and exit faces. According to one aspect of the invention, the block is configured so that the particle beam energy variation reaches a maximum at the edges of each step. This upper limit is also the lower limit of the next step. Thus, continuous energy variation is possible despite the fact that the thickness of the block varies in discrete steps.

An apparatus and method for predicting potentially fatal arrhythmias up to twenty four hours in advance of the event by employing formulas indicating either too little or too much heart rate variability. A number of these formulas have both predetermined upper and lower limits, which if exceeded for a period of time are a predictor of a potentially fatal arrhythmia. When a patient's ALARM condition is predicted, whether the patient is indoors or outdoors, conscious or unconscious, a redundant protocol is utilized to relay that ALARM condition to a central monitoring station. The central monitoring station informs the patient's doctor, and then uses what ever means are available to transport the patient to the nearest emergency room for treatment. An apparatus and method for pacing the heart in a natural way, once a potentially fatal arrhythmia has been predicted is also disclosed.

The remaining run-time (t_rem) of a battery is determined independently of the condition of the battery and the amount of load on the battery by obtaining the value of a present total zero-current capacity (Qmax) of the battery based on relaxed-battery OCV values measured just before and just after a charging or discharging cycle. A current through the battery is integrated to determine a transfer of charge (Q) from the battery, and a value of total run-time (t_total) that would be required to reduce the open circuit voltage of the battery to a predetermined lower limit (Vmin) is determined. The remaining run-time (t_rem) is determined by subtracting the duration of the integrating from the total run-time (t_total).

The invention provides an electronic cigarette and a control method thereof. The electronic cigarette comprises a heating wire assembly, a power source and a controller. The heating wire assembly is used for generating heat and comprises heating wires, wherein the resistance value of the heating wires changes along with the changes of temperatures. The power source is used for providing voltages for the heating wire assembly. The controller is electrically connected with the heating wire assembly and the power source and used for controlling the power source to output the voltages. The controller comprises a temperature detecting module which is used for detecting the resistance value of the heating wires to obtain the real-time temperature of the heating wire assembly, an upper limit heating temperature and a lower limit heating temperature are set in the temperature detecting module, the controller controls the power source to output a first voltage when the real-time temperature is smaller than or equal to the lower limit heating temperature and controls the power source to output a second voltage when the real-time temperature is larger than or equal to the upper limit heating temperature, the second voltage is smaller than the first voltage, and the controller controls the power source to keep outputting the current voltage when the real-time temperature is larger than the lower limit heating temperature and smaller than the upper limit heating temperature. The electronic cigarette and the control method thereof can ensure the taste consistency of the smoke of all times and save electric quantity.

A fuel separation apparatus includes a fuel tank storing the material fuel fed to a separation membrane, a fuel tank storing a separated low-octane fuel, and a fuel tank storing a separated high-octane fuel. An electronic control unit of the separation apparatus calculates the flow rate (amount of formation) of the high-octane fuel flowing into the high-octane fuel tank based on a change in the liquid level in the tank and on the amount of fuel fed to an engine from the tank, and so judges that an abnormal condition is occurring due to the breakage of the separation membrane when the amount of forming the high-octane fuel is larger than a predetermined upper limit value and that an abnormal condition is occurring due to a drop in the function of the separation membrane when the amount of formation is smaller than a predetermined lower limit value.

A controller obtains a planned travel distance from a current position of a vehicle to a preset charging point from a car navigation system, and based on the obtained planned travel distance, sets upper and lower limit values for controlling SOC of an electric storage lower as it comes closer to the charging point. The controller controls the SOC of the electric storage such that the SOC is within the set upper and lower limits of SOC control.

Techniques are provided for adjusting the number of devices allowed to use a digital product (e.g., software) under a license. In one embodiment, the technique may involve setting the allowed number of devices to a first upper/lower limit for a first time period, and, after the first time period has expired, increasing/lowering the allowed number of devices to a second upper/lower limit for a second time period. The technique may involve, readjusting the allowed number for a third time period, thereby allowing for a changing number of device installations of the digital product.

A height-adjustable support for a display panel includes a base, a telescopic unit, an angle-adjustable member, a coupling unit, and a control member. The telescopic unit includes a hollow outer member and an inner slide member. The outer member extends upwardly from the base, and is provided with an upper limiting part disposed above the base, and an inwardly projecting lower limiting part disposed between the upper limiting part and the base. The slide member has a slide arm extending slidably into the outer member, and a top seat disposed above the outer member. The coupling unit couples the angle-adjustable member to the top seat. The control member extends into the outer member, is coupled to the slide member, and cooperates with the lower limiting part to prevent impact between the display panel and a support surface.

An active noise control system prevents a continuous muffled sound from being generated as an abnormal sound under a high sound pressure from a speaker when a microphone as a sound detector is covered, and reduces noise immediately when the microphone is uncovered. A first threshold value as an upper limit value and a second threshold value as a lower limit value are provided for the filter coefficient of an adaptive notch filter. When the filter coefficient is greater than the first threshold value, a control sound is faded out according to a forgetting process. When the filter coefficient is smaller than the second threshold value, an adaptive control process is resumed. Even if the microphone is covered, the filter coefficient does not exceed the first threshold value as the upper limit value.

An ink composition for ink jet recording includes a coating film forming material, a polyether-modified silicone oil, and water, wherein the polyether-modified silicone oil is soluble in a solvent in which a lower limit of an SP value is 8.5 or less and an upper limit of the SP value is 18.0 or more.

An active pixel sensor is operated with voltages that exceed the nominal operating voltages for a particular integrated circuit process. Voltages that exceed the nominal operating voltages are employed during the reset, integration and readout periods in the operating cycle of the active pixel sensor. The lower limit of the voltage representing the capture of photocharge in the active pixel sensor is fixed by setting the voltage applied to the gate of a reset transistor in the active pixel sensor to a level during integration which prevents the voltage across the dielectric of a transfer transistor from exceeding a preselected value. Read disturb caused by impact ionization current from a readout transistor to a storage node is reduced by lowering the voltage applied to the drain of a readout transistor to reduce the Vds of the readout transistor at the start of a readout period.

A protecting circuit monitors a voltage of a secondary battery and supplies the signal to permit a discharge to a gate terminal of a discharge control FET when the voltage is equal to or more than a lower limit value in a rated voltage range. When the discharge control FET receives this signal, it is connected and passes a discharge current. In the other cases, it shuts off the discharge current. Further, when the voltage is equal to or more than a predetermined value, a signal of a voltage of a battery voltage or more is supplied from a voltage converter to the gate terminal. When the voltage is equal to or less than an upper limit value in the rated voltage range, the protecting circuit supplies the signal to permit a charge to a gate terminal of a charge control FET. Further, when the voltage is equal to or more than a predetermined value, the voltage output from the voltage converter is supplied to the gate terminal. A battery pack in which by applying the voltage of the battery voltage or more to the gate terminal, the discharge control FET and the charge control FET are controlled and an energy loss is suppressed to the minimum is provided.

When an ignition key is turned ON, a control apparatus predicts the arrival time to a chargeable location (such as home). When the control apparatus determines that the expected arrival time is in the nighttime, it sets SOC control upper and lower limit values for an EV traveling-importance mode that are lower than SOC control upper and lower limit values for an HV traveling-importance mode, and controls an SOC of a battery based on the upper and lower limit values.

The invention discloses a method for achieving battery pack balance control and a battery pack charging method. The method for achieving battery pack balance control comprises the following steps: determining whether the voltages of all single batteries are in a set voltage range by a battery management chip or a singlechip, if so, measuring the magnitude of a charge current by a current detection resistor when the voltage of a single battery is larger than the balance voltage and the voltage difference between the battery and the battery with the lowest voltage is larger than a balance upper limit difference; setting corresponding balance current according to the magnitude of the charge current, and carrying out energy balance; stopping discharge of the battery when the voltage of the balanced battery is less than the balance voltage or the voltage difference between the balanced battery and the battery with the lowest voltage is lower than the balance lower limit difference. Under the centralized control of the chip or the singlechip, the method has the advantages of high reliability, flexible setting of various control parameters and wide application range.

The invention relates to a determining method for surveying the reserves of hypotonic clastic rock oil-gas reservoir positioned on a clastic rock oil (gas) geological reservoir enrichment boundary, comprising the following steps of: carrying out statistical regression on the daily produced oil-gas data and water data of the traditional testing oil well and the traditional testing gas well and thecorresponding physical data, oil-bearing data and electrical data of an oil layer to determine the physical lower limit value, the oil-bearing lower limit value and the electrical lower limit value of an oil-gas layer, which correspond to industrial oil-gas flows; determining the minimum values of output and a sand body thickness according to the relationship between an effective thickness and test oil output and between the sand body thickness and test production; determining the area boundary of the oil-gas reservoir by using a sandrock thickness isoline method and an effective thickness isoline method; and calculating the reserves of the hypotonic clastic rock oil-gas reservoir. The invention solves the problem that the oil-bearing area of the traditional hypotonic clastic rock oil (gas) reservoir is extrapolated depending on artificial well points, is convenient to apply in the calculation of the reserves, can not only be used for more accurately calculating the reserves of oil (gas) reservoir, but also furthest save the exploration discovery workload and reduce the discovery cost of ton reserves, thereby enhancing the economic benefits of oil-gas exploration and development.

Methods and systems are provided for reducing partial cache writes in transferring incoming data status entries from a peripheral device to a host. The methods comprise determining a lower limit on a number of available incoming data status entry positions in an incoming data status ring in the host system memory, and selectively transferring a current incoming data status entry to the host system memory using a full cache line write if the lower limit is greater than or equal to a first value. Peripheral systems are provided for providing an interface between a host computer and an external device or network, which comprise a descriptor management system adapted to determine a lower limit on a number of available incoming data status entry positions in an incoming data status ring in a host system memory, and to selectively transfer a current incoming data status entry to the host system memory using a full cache line write if the lower limit is greater than or equal to a first value.

A versatile silicone resin reflective substrate which exhibits high reflectance of high luminance light from an LED light source over a wide wavelength from short wavelengths of approximately 340-500 nm, which include wavelengths from 380-400 nm near lower limit of the visible region, to longer wavelength in the infra-red region. The silicone resin reflective substrate has a reflective layer which contains a white inorganic filler powder dispersed in a three-dimensional cross linked silicone resin, the inorganic filler powder having a high reflective index than the silicone resin. The reflective layer is formed on a support body as a film, a solid, or a sheet. The silicone resin reflective substrate can be easily formed as a wiring substrate, a packaging case or the like, and can be manufactured at low cost and a high rate of production.

The invention discloses a method for group matching of power lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. The method comprises the following steps: one-step charge and discharge detection is conducted to the power lithium-ion rechargeable batteries and the batteries with capacities larger than lower limit capacity are taken as acceptable batteries; the acceptable batteries are charged to a state with 50-90 percent of rated capacity and the rechargeable batteries with acceptable voltage drop are sorted; the obtained acceptable batteries are fully charged and are connected in parallel for at least 4 hours to enable the voltage difference between any two rechargeable batteries to be less than or equal to 1mV; the obtained rechargeable batteries are connected in series to discharge, the voltage of each rechargeable battery during discharge is acquired and recorded, and the discharge is stopped when the voltage of any battery reaches cutoff voltage; and a voltage difference standard is set according to the number of series batteries required for group matching and the battery voltage at the moment of discharge cutoff, and the batteries with voltage differences within the preset range are matched into a group. Since the parameters of the batteries are measured and sorted under the simulated battery use conditions and the single rechargeable batteries with close characteristics are sorted, the quality of the group matching is improved.

An object of this invention is to provide a phase synchronizing circuit capable of automatically adjusting a VCO such that the VCO satisfies a predetermined frequency range even in a frequency range in which the VCO oscillates by a leak current generated if a low threshold process is applied. The phase synchronizing circuit is composed of a PLL consisting of a phase comparator, a charge pump, a loop filter, a VCO, and a divider, and a calibration circuit for automatically adjusting a frequency range of the VCO. Before a convergence operation is started, a switch is closed in response to a signal Rst of the calibration circuit such that an output of the loop filter is leveled to the ground and the PLL is set to be an open loop. A VCO output Fo is set at an upper limit frequency or a lower limit frequency in response to a Vcal signal, and its frequency is measured by comparing its period with a period of a reference signal Fr, and signals Hb, Lb used for adjusting the frequency of the VCO are updated. The signals Hb, Lb are updated until the VCO satisfies the predetermined frequency range, and subsequently their values are maintained. The switch opens in response to the signal Rst, and the PLL is changed over to a close loop to start phase synchronization.

A rotating machinery includes a first control member for performing rectangular wave control by operating the switching devices of an inverter such that an on-state and an off-state occur once for one cycle period in electrical angle of a motor, a second control member for operating the switching devices on the basis of a magnitude relation between upper and lower limits of a predetermined hysteresis region and an actual current flowing through the motor, and a switching member for, when the actual current deviates from the hysteresis region while the rectangular wave control is undertaken, switching the control to an instantaneous current value control performed by the second control member.

The invention relates to a fault identification system for a direct current transmission line. The fault identification system comprises an image data analysis subsystem, a blood oxygen detection subsystem, a blood sugar detection subsystem and an MSP430 microprocessor, wherein the image data analysis subsystem is used for analyzing the age group information of the detected personnel based on the images of the detected personnel, and the MSP430 microprocessor is respectively connected with the image data analysis subsystem, the blood oxygen detection subsystem and the blood sugar detection subsystem. Based on the age group information of the detected personnel, medical data thresholds including preset blood sugar upper limit concentration, preset blood sugar lower limit concentration, preset blood oxygen saturation upper limit concentration and preset blood oxygen saturation lower limit concentration are set for the blood oxygen detection subsystem and the blood sugar detection subsystem. According to the invention, more accurate physiological parameter warning messages can be sent based on the age group information of the detected personnel.

A method and device for improving the efficiency of an envelope tracking transmitter in which a power amplifier for coupling modulated signals in a carrier frequency to an antenna for transmission. The transmitter comprises a power supply for providing a supply voltage to the power amplifier, and a computation means for providing a waveform indicative of the envelope of the modulated signal to the power supply in order to modify the supply voltage. A lower limit is imposed to the waveform so that the supply voltage to the power supply is always greater than a predetermined value. Moreover, when information is transmitted in times slots which are started and ended by ramp periods, a constant signal, based on the root-mean-square value of the waveform, is used to modify the waveform so that the supply voltage to the power amplifier includes a constant voltage level in the ramp periods.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a silicon carbide ceramic tube or rod. An extrusion moulding method is adopted to form a blank body; a normal pressure sintering method is adopted for sintering; and submicron level silicon carbide powder and additives are taken as main raw materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out ball milling on the main raw materials by a dry method, adding water, a dispersant, a plasticizer, a lubricant and a liquid state binder, and then carrying out ball milling by a wet method; 2) adopting a spray granulation process to granulate silicon carbide slurry; 3) extruding the blank body by a one-shot direct extrusion moulding method after vacuum pug, corrosion, and vacuum pug; 4) drying the molded blank body by a stage drying mechanism; and 5) placing the blank body of the silicon carbide ceramic tube or rod in a vacuum furnace and carrying out sintering for two times by taking argon gas as protective gas. The high temperature resisting strength and the corrosion resistance of the silicon carbide ceramic tube or rod prepared by the method are both better than those of a reactive sintered product. Compared with a hot press sintering method, the method has lower limit on the product shape and size, and lower cost. The method is suitable for the industrialized production.

A distributed power generating system enables very rapid and reliable start-up of an engine used to generate back-up power, thereby substantially reducing the need for stored power. More particularly, the distributed power generating system comprises a power bus electrically coupled to commercial power and to a load, an engine comprising a rotatable shaft, a starter/generator operatively coupled to the shaft of the engine and electrically coupled to the power bus, and a temporary storage device electrically coupled to the power bus. The distributed power generating system further comprises a control system adapted to detect a failure of the commercial power and cause the starter/generator to start the engine from a standstill condition. The control system provides the starter/generator with an initial voltage vector selected to rapidly bring the engine to an operational speed sustainable by the engine alone. The temporary storage device supplies electrical power to the power bus for delivery to the load and for powering the starter/generator until the engine reaches the operational speed, whereupon the control system causes the starter/generator to take over supply of electrical power to the power bus for delivery to the load. The control system starts the engine upon detection of a voltage on the power bus below a predetermined lower limit. After the engine has started, the control system monitors speed of the engine to determine whether the operational speed is reached. The control system terminates operation of the engine upon detection of a voltage on the power bus above a predetermined upper limit.

A voltage positioning technique allows a power supply controller to more fully exploit active voltage positioning as a way of maintaining supply voltage within the limits defined for an associated electrical load. The supply voltage is allowed to "droop" as a function of load current. Droop may be implemented in linear proportion to load current, or as a discrete droop function once load current exceeds a given threshold. In either case, the droop circuitry of the supply controller implements a bounding function that establishes an accurately known maximum droop voltage magnitude. This maximum droop voltage limit establishes a reliable lower limit for the supply voltage independent of increasing load current. This accurately set lower bound for the droop voltage enables the controller to more aggressively position the supply voltage at the lower voltage limit of the load, which minimizes voltage overshoot and load power consumption.

A biometric authentication apparatus for identifying a subject person by using biometric information of a user has memories and a processing unit for performing biometric authentication. The memories and store a remaining trial number whose value is reduced each time biometric authentication fails. The processing unit generates a lower limit value smaller than the remaining trial number at the start of biometric authentication, performs biometric authentication until the reduced remaining trial number becomes equal to or smaller than the lower limit value, and generate alarm data for issuing alarm to the user when the reduced trial number becomes equal to or smaller than the lower limit value.

A variable speed air handling system for cooling and/or heating a room and a method of controlling the system. The system includes a fan assembly to transport air from the system into the room, the fan assembly having a substantially continuously adjustable speed within a range of speeds defined by a predetermined upper limit and a predetermined lower limit. A user interface transmits a signal in response to a desired speed of the fan assembly input by an operator via the user interface. The system further includes a control unit to substantially continuously adjust the speed of the fan assembly to a speed in the range of speeds in response to the signal transmitted by the user interface, and a climate control unit for heating and/or cooling the air to be transported from the air conditioner by the fan assembly.