395 results about "Radiation induced" patented technology

A lamp emits pulse-shaped visible light when a wait period begins. If a radiation emission switch is not pressed in the wait period, X-ray radiation is not emitted from an X-ray source, and no charges are accumulated in photoelectric conversion elements of an X-ray imaging apparatus. In a non-read period, although signals are sequentially read from the photoelectric conversion elements, an output signal does not change. When the radiation emission switch is pressed in synchronization with a radiation-induced signal in a certain wait period, the X-ray source emits X-rays. After irradiation of X-rays, a photoelectric conversion period transitions to an actual read period. In the photoelectric conversion period, X-rays are emitted and transmitted X-ray information of a patient are accumulated in the photoelectric conversion elements of the X-ray imaging apparatus. In the actual read period, the accumulated information is read.

An in-pixel correlated double sampling (CDS) pixel and methods of operating the same are provided. The CDS pixel includes a photodetector to accumulate radiation induced charges, a floating diffusion element electrically coupled to an output of the photodetector through a transfer switch, and. a capacitor-element having an input node electrically coupled to an amplifier and through the amplifier to the floating diffusion element and an output node electrically coupled to an output of the pixel. The capacitor-element is configured to sample a reset value of the floating diffusion element during a reset sampling and to sample a signal value of the floating diffusion element during a signal sampling.

A semiconductor device containing an NPN bipolar junction transistor may be formed by forming a p-type radiation induced diode structure (RIDS) region in an intrinsic p-type base region of the NPN bipolar junction transistor at a boundary of the intrinsic p-type base region with a dielectric layer over a substrate of the semiconductor device, between an emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor and an extrinsic p-type base region of the NPN bipolar junction transistor. The p-type RIDS region has a doping density high enough to prevent inversion of a surface of the p-type RIDS region adjacent to the dielectric layer when trapped charge is accumulated in the dielectric layer, while the intrinsic p-type base region may invert from the trapped charge forming the radiation induced diode structure. The p-type RIDS region is separated from the emitter and from the extrinsic base region by portions of the intrinsic base region.

Compositions useful for treatment of a wide range of skin disorders including: pre-cancerous lesions, keratotic lesions, superficial basal cell carcinomae; squamous cell carcinomae; malignant melanoma, and radiation-induced burns. In some embodiments the treatments comprise contacting human or other mammalian skin with a composition according to the disclosure. In other embodiments, administration of compositions provided is by injection. Some embodiments provide for preventive use of compositions provided towards preventing some forms of skin cancer and skin cancer-related disorders by repeated application to healthy-looking skin. Methods for providing the compositions are disclosed.

An active pixel comprises a sensor circuit for collecting radiation induced charges and transducing them to a measurement signal corresponding to the amount of charge collected, and a capacitor element with two nodes, where the measurement signal is present on a node of the capacitor element. The memory circuit is clocked, i.e. driven by a pulsed signal. The pulse on the memory circuit will rise the reset level at the output, which is lowered due to threshold voltage losses in the active pixel circuit, thus restoring a large signal swing. Arrays of the pixels are described, as well as a method for reading out such a pixel.

An optimized trench capacitor structure which is useful as a decoupling capacitor or a storage capacitor can be manufactured without added process complexity. As an on-chip decoupling trench capacitor structure, the structure reduces the series resistance to outer and inner plates and results in an acceptable RC delay, while maintaining a high capacitance per unit area. As a storage capacitor with a buried shield, the trench capacitor structure exhibits high immunity to alpha particle and cosmic radiation induced failures. The trench capacitor structure which includes a buried n-well in a silicon substrate. A trench is formed in the substrate and extends through the buried n-well. A dielectric film is formed on an inner surface of the trench, and an inner plate formed as a polysilicon fill within the trench is connected to a surface n+ film formed during definition of peripheral source/drain contacts of the integrated circuit. An outer plate of the capacitor in the form of an out diffusion from the trench provides a low resistance electrical contact with the substrate. A number of these capacitors can be combined in a very efficient X-Y array of decoupling capacitors.

A method for measuring time of flight of radiation includes emitting modulated radiation (51) in response to a first modulation signal, projecting the modulated radiation (51) onto a scene (55), and receiving radiation, the received radiation including at least modulated radiation reflected by the scene (55). The received radiation (26, 27) is converted into a radiation induced electrical signal. The radiation induced electrical signal is mixed with a second modulation signal, thus generating a mixed signal, which is integrated, thus generating an integrated signal. When the integrated signal exceeds a threshold value (V_ref), charge is injected into the integrated signal. The method includes applying changes to the first and/or second modulation signal at one or more moments in time, and measuring the integrated signal at one or more moments in time, thus obtaining at least one TOF pair difference signal (62). The measuring includes using a single detector node (38) and associated memory element (25), to obtain a TOF pair difference signal (62). The method furthermore includes using one or more TOF pair difference signals to determine time of flight of radiation.

The present invention includes methods and compositions relating to the setting of fluids or slurries in a wellbore. In one embodiment, a method of isolating a portion a wellbore includes preparing a sealant composition having a fluid component, a polymeric additive constituent, and a set modifier component. The sealant composition is placed into a wellbore and subjected to ionizing radiation. The ionizing radiation can cause bonding between polymeric additive constituents and create a polymer matrix within the sealant composition that increases the mechanical strength of the sealant composition. The ionizing radiation also alters the set modifier component, triggering the thickening of the sealant composition.

A method for identifying a molecule that binds an irradiated tumor in a subject and molecules identified thereby. The method includes the steps of: (a) exposing a tumor to ionizing radiation; (b) administering to a subject a library of diverse molecules; and (c) isolating from the tumor one or more molecules of the library of diverse molecules, whereby a molecule that binds an irradiated tumor is identified. Also provided are therapeutic and diagnostic methods using targeting ligands that bind an irradiated tumor.

There is provided an FGF2 substitute containing medicinal composition which comprises, as an active ingredient, a chimeric protein comprising the amino acid sequence of an FGF1 protein in which a partial sequence including a sequence of at least positions 62-83 within a sequence of positions 41-83 is substituted with a partial sequence at the corresponding positions in the amino acid sequence of an FGF2 protein; and the remaining region is formed of the amino acid sequence of FGF1. In particular, this medicinal composition is used for wound healing and for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced damage, and it exhibits a pharmacological action superior to that of an FGF2 medicinal composition, and further, it can be easily formulated into a preparation.

A miniature microwave antenna is disclosed which may be utilized for biomedical applications such as, for example, radiation induced hyperthermia through catheter systems. One feature of the antenna is that it possesses azimuthal directionality despite its small size. This directionality permits targeting of certain tissues while limiting thermal exposure of adjacent tissue. One embodiment has an outer diameter of about 0.095″ (2.4 mm) but the design permits for smaller diameters.

A system and method are used to compensate for thermal effect on a lithographic apparatus. The system comprises a patterning device, a projection system, a substrate position controller, and a substrate-position-based expansion-compensator. The patterning device modulates a radiation beam. The projection system projects the modulated radiation beam onto a target portion of a substrate. The substrate position controller moves the substrate relative to the projection system sequentially through a plurality of exposure positions. The substrate-position-based expansion-compensator interacts with the substrate position controller to modify the exposure positions in order at least partially to compensate for thermally-induced geometrical changes of at least one of the substrate and projection system.

A photoresist composition comprises a polymer capable of radiation induced main chain scission and acid-catalyzed deprotection, wherein the polymer is derived by free radical polymerization of two or more monomers, each having an alpha-substituent on a polymerizable vinyl group; and a photochemical acid generator.

Estimating cement voids in between a casing and a borehole wall of a borehole penetrating the earth formation includes forming with a computing device an actual ratio of radiation induced by a neutron source and measured by a first detector and a second detector when the tool is at two or more different locations in the borehole. A relationship between the actual ratio and the porosity at each of the two or more different locations is used and compared to two different cases of estimates of the ratio. Based on the comparison, an estimate of the cement voids at the two or more locations.

A flip-flop circuit is provided with an improved robustness to radiation induced soft errors. The flip-flop cell comprises the following elements. A transfer unit for receiving at least one data signal and at least one clock signal, a storage unit coupled to the transfer unit and a buffer unit coupled to the storage unit. The transfer unit includes a plurality of input nodes adapted to receive said at least one data signal and said at least one clock signal; a first output node for providing a sampled data signal in response to said at least one clock signal and said at least one data signal; and a second output node for providing a sampled inverse data signal, the sampled inverse data signal provided in response to said at least one clock signal and said at least one data signal. The storage unit comprises a first and a second storage nodes configured to receive and store the sampled data signal and the sampled inverse data signal. The storage unit comprises drive transistors configured to selectively couple one of the first and second storage nodes to ground; load transistors configured to selectively couple the other one of the first and second storage nodes to a power supply; and at least one stabilizer transistor configured to provide a corresponding redundant storage node and limit feedback between the first and second storage nodes, the redundant storage node being capable of restoring the first or second storage nodes in case of a soft error. The buffer unit provides an output sampled data signal as received from the storage unit.

A method for forming a crosslinked oxidation-resistant toughness-enhanced polymeric material includes the steps of placing a previously irradiated polymer material in a heating device under oxygen-reduced atmosphere at a temperature above the melting point of the polymeric material for a sufficient time to (a) eliminate oxidation in the polymeric material, (b) break existing crosslinks into free radicals, (c) migrate and re-distribute radiation-induced free radicals in an uniform manner, (d) create new free radicals by thermal energy and form uniform crosslinks within the polymer micro-structure, and followed by a cooling step to eliminate residual free radicals and form additional uniform crosslinks within the polymer micro-structure. A method of making a crosslinked oxidation-resistant toughness-enhanced wear-reduced UHMWPE medical implant from a previously irradiated solid form of UHMWPE is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to Pyridyl-Substituted Porphyrin Compounds, compositions comprising an effective amount of a Pyridyl-Substituted Porphyrin Compound and methods for treating or preventing injury due to exposure to a reactive species, erectile dysfunction due to surgery, lung disease, hyperoxia, neurodegenerative disease, liver disease, myocardial damage during cardioplegia, an inflammatory condition, a reperfusion injury, an ischemic condition, a cardiovascular disease, diabetes, a diabetic complication, cancer, a side effect of cancer chemotherapy, or a radiation-induced injury, or to prolong the half-life of an oxidation-prone compound, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a Pyridyl-Substituted Porphyrin Compound.

A process and apparatus for casting three-dimensional parts and sacrificial models from a class of casting compounds which incorporate one or more radiation activated photo initiators which cause polymerization of the casting compound causing it to solidify or transition from a solid in a first state to a solid more suitable for use as a sacrificial model in a lost wax casting process. The class of casting compounds include, 1) compounds which act as conduits for the polymerization initiating radiation during and/or after hardening and 2) compounds which are hardened by a radiation induced chain reaction throughout the body of fluid casting compound. These compounds allow the part being cast to be cured within transparent molds that are supported by transparent mold frames. The apparatus consists of a radiation source positioned to irradiate the casting compound within a mold cavity through the mold frame and mold wall to effect the polymerization, solidifying, process. Separation of the molded part from the mold is enabled by the relative flexibility between the part and mold cavity walls. This is a function of using a soft, flexible material for the mold body and/or a polymerization process which caused the casting compound the solidify into a soft, flexible object. When the polymerized cast part is at least partially removed from the mold, it may be subjected to additional radiation of a frequency different form that initially applied the cause the solid cast part to transition to a hard or ridged part having properties more suitable for a model which is to be used as a sacrificial model in a lost wax process. An automated casting system is anticipated which is enabled by the use of very soft, stretchable and deformable material for the mold body and supporting the mold with radiation transparent mold frames. Oxygen and other gases in the atmosphere react with some casting compounds to create a sticky film on mold cavity walls which causes difficulty when removing a casting from a mold. This problem is eliminated by purging the mold cavity with an inert gas between casts.