1986 results about "Acid catalyzed" patented technology

Described is a method for making a composition comprising alkanes. The composition is suitable for use as a liquid transportation fuel in general, and jet fuel in particular. The method includes dehydrating a feedstock solution comprising a carbohydrate, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to yield at least one furan derivative compound, in a reaction vessel containing a biphasic reaction medium: an aqueous reaction solution and a substantially immiscible organic extraction solution. The furan derivative compound is then subjected to a self-aldol condensation reaction or a crossed-aldol condensation reaction with another carbonyl compound to yield a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound and/or an alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl compound. The beta-hydroxy carbonyl and/or alpha-beta unsaturated compounds are then hydrogenated to yield a saturated or partially saturated compound, followed by hydrodeoxygenation (e.g., dehydrating and hydrogenating) of the saturated or partially saturated compound to yield a composition of matter comprising alkanes.

The present invention relates to a novel synthetic route of a liquid chain hydrocarbon fuel totally independent of fossil energy based on a lignocellulose raw material to obtain a platform compound. The method includes three parts: 1) preparing oxygen-containing organic compounds with carbon chain length of 8-16 through the acid-catalyzed alkylation reaction by taking lignocelluloses-based carbonyl-containing platform compounds and furan platform compounds as raw materials on a novel solid catalyst; 2) effectively removing carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-oxygen double bonds to prepare saturated oxygen-containing organic compounds by hydrogenation of the alkylated product; and 3) conducting hydrodeoxygenation for the hydrogenated alkylation product by using a metal-solid acid bifunctional catalyst to obtain the biomass aviation kerosene or high grade diesel fuel with the carbon chain length of 8-16 and having a high energy density and stability.

An inorganic oxide dispersion containing an organic solvent, and inorganic oxide particles surface-treated with at least one of a hydrolyzate and a partial condensate of an organosilane compound represented by formula (I), the inorganic oxide particles being dispersed in the organic solvent: (R¹⁰)_m—Si(X)_4−m (I) as defined herein, the surface treatment of the inorganic oxide particles being carried out in a presence of at least one of: (a) an acid catalyst; and (b) a metal chelate compound having Zr, Ti or Al as a center metal and at least one of an alcohol represented by formula: R³OH in which R³ represents an allyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a compound represented by formula: R⁴COCH₂COR⁵ as defined herein, as a ligand.

The invention relates to a new liquid chain hydrocarbon fuel synthetic route that acquires a platform chemical compound based on a lignocellulose raw material and is completely independent of fossil energy. The liquid fuel obtained by the method can be used as a substitute of aviation kerosene and diesel oil or as an additive for improving the cetane number and cold hardiness of fuels, thereby reducing the national dependence on imported petroleum in terms of liquid fuels. The method provided in the invention consists of two parts: 1) on a novel solid acid catalyst, an aldehyde group-containing compound (such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde, etc.) and a furan platform compound (such as furan, methyl furan, and hydroxylmethyl furan, etc.) undergo an acid catalyzed alkylation reaction to prepare an oxygen-containing organic compound with a carbon chain length of 8-16; and 2) hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation are conducted on an alkylation product to hydrogenate unsaturated bonds and remove the oxygen therein, thus preparing aviation kerosene or high grade diesel oil with a carbon chain length ranging from 8 to 16.

A hydrophobic solid, acid catalyst for the acid catalyzing reaction, such as esterifying reaction, alkylation reaction and hydration reaction, is prepared by attaching the inorganic metal salt to the high-hydrophobicity carrier. Its advantages are high catalyst activity and selectivity, high stability, and high hydrophobicity.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a hydrophobic silica aerogel heat-insulation composite material. The method comprises steps as follows: (1) preparation of silica sol: siloxane is used as a precursor, an organic solvent, water and an acid catalyst are added, and the silica sol is obtained; (2) preparation of composite gel: a flame retardant and an infrared blocking agent are added to the silica sol, the mixture is evenly mixed, a base catalyst is added, an inorganic fiber product is immersed in the silica sol, and the mixture is left to stand; (3) solvent replacement: the composite gel is replaced by the organic solvent; (4) drying: the composite gel is dried. With the adoption of the method, the process is simple, the production cycle is short, the cost is lower, the equipment requirement is low, reaction conditions are controllable, product performance is excellent, and the prepared silica aerogel composite material has the overall waterproof performance, the extremely low heat conductivity coefficient and the excellent high-temperature heat-insulation performance, can pass an incombustibility test under the condition that the material is ensured to be hydrophobic as a whole and reaches level A1 according to the incombustibility test.

The invention provides for methods for producing pulp (comprising cellulose) and lignin from lignocellulosic material, such as wood chips. The methods involve acid catalyzed hydrolysis. Lignocellulosic material having a relatively high moisture concentration can be used as the starting material. The lignocellulosic material is impregnated with an acid (preferably nitric acid) and heated. During the heating lignin is depolymerized at relatively low temperatures, and the acid catalyst is distilled off. The acid catalyst can be collected and recycled after impregnation and heating. The lignocellulosic material is then digested in an alkaline solution under heat, dissolving the lignin and allowing the pulp to be removed. Acid is added to the black liquor to precipitate the lignin which is then removed. The resultant amber liquor can be further processed into other ancillary products such as alcohols and/or unicellular proteins.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a high-hardness water-based glass baking paint composed of nano water-based acrylic resin, low-methoxylation amino resin, a water-based polyurethane acrylic hybrid, hardening resin, a colorant, a substrate wetting agent, an adhesive agent, an acid catalyst, a film-forming auxiliary agent, a defoaming agent, an anti-scratch flatting agent, a thickening agent, a bactericide, a pH regulator, a cosolvent and water. The prepared water-based glass baking paint has the advantages of low VOC, no pollution to the environment, no poison and harm to operators, strong coating film adhesive force, good flexibility, high hardness, excellent wear resistance, excellent water resistance, excellent alcohol resistance, excellent salt fog resistance, simple construction, and stable storage. A prepared paint film has the hardness reaching 5 H or more, and has anti-scratch and wear-resistance properties of a ceramic glaze film; a prepared glass product achieves effects of blue and white porcelain, enamel colored glaze porcelain, and white glazed porcelain; and the water-based glass baking paint is widely used for surface protection and decoration of wine bottles, perfume bottles, glass products, lamps, woodware, metals, plastics and other products.

A silicon-containing film is formed from a heat curable composition comprising (A-1) a silicon-containing compound obtained by effecting hydrolytic condensation of a hydrolyzable silicon compound in the presence of an acid catalyst and removing the acid catalyst, (A-2) a silicon-containing compound obtained by effecting hydrolytic condensation of a hydrolyzable silicon compound in the presence of a basic catalyst and removing the basic catalyst, (B) a hydroxide or organic acid salt of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, or a sulfonium, iodonium or ammonium compound, (C) an organic acid, and (D) an organic solvent. The silicon-containing film allows an overlying photoresist film to be patterned effectively.

The present invention provides a method for producing α-olefin polymer, comprising polymerizing α-olefins in the presence of a halogen atom-containing acid catalyst by use of an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 3-12 carbon atoms, which contains 5 to 95 mass % of α-olefin, as a raw material; removing catalyst residue and halogen-containing compounds by bringing a product in the polymerization step into contact with an aluminum atom-containing inorganic solid treatment agent with or without deactivating the catalyst; and separating the α-olefin polymer. According to this method, the catalyst residue and other halogen-containing compounds can be removed, without relying on aqueous deactivation and separation steps using an alkaline aqueous solution or the like, from a polymerization reaction product obtained by polymerization in the presence of a halogen-containing acid catalyst by use of an α-olefin-containing liquid hydrocarbon as a raw material.

A process of manufacture of polytrimethylene ether glycol comprising:

• • (a) polycondensing reactant comprising diol selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol dimer and 1,3-propanediol trimer or mixtures thereof in the presence of acid polycondensation catalyst to form polytrimethylene ether glycol;
  • (b) adding water to the polytrimethylene ether glycol to form an aqueous mixture;
  • (c) heating the aqueous mixture to hydrolyze acid esters formed during the acid catalyzed polycondensation;
  • (d) adding to the hydrolyzed aqueous mixture organic solvent that is miscible with polytrimethylene ether glycol to form (i) organic phase containing the polytrimethylene ether glycol and residual acid polycondensation catalyst from the polycondensing and (ii) aqueous phase;
  • (e) separating the aqueous phase and the organic phase;
  • (f) adding base to the separated organic phase to neutralize the residual acid polycondensation catalyst by forming salts of the residual acid polycondensation catalyst;
  • (g) separating the organic phase into (i) liquid phase comprising the polytrimethylene ether glycol, the organic solvent and any residual water, and (ii) solid phase comprising the salts of the residual acid polycondensation catalyst and the base which is unreacted; and
  • (h) removing the organic solvent and the residual water from the liquid phase to obtain polytrimethylene ether glycol.

An organic/inorganic composite coating film comprising an inorganic material as a matrix and an organic material combined therewith. The coating film has a regular hollow structure therein, and the coating film surface has a rugged pattern with semispherical protrusions. Also provided is a large-area structural color film obtained by burning the composite coating film. The organic/inorganic composite coating film is obtained by applying an aqueous coating composition comprising a metal alkoxide, an aqueous dispersion of monodisperse polymer particles, and an acid catalyst to a substrate and curing the coating composition. Burning the organic/inorganic composite coating film gives the structural color film.

The present invention relates to continuous esterification process and apparatus for producing dimethyl adipate in the presence of solid acid catalyst. The process includes the following steps: setting solid acid catalyst, adipic acid and methanol into pre-esterifying kettle; heating to 50-100 deg.c to react at normal pressure to obtain lean ester; feeding the supernatant with lean ester to the upper part of one continuous esterifying tower and methanol vapor to its lower part for countrecurrent reaction in the catalyst section at the temperature of 70-150 deg.c, liquid space velocity of 0.1-0.7 kg/kg.hr and methanol space velocity of 0.1-1.0 kg/kg.hr; rectifying the resultant at operation pressure of 0-0.01 MPa to obtain dimethyl adipate. The present invention has adipic acid converting rate up to 99 % and dimethyl adipate purity up to 99.8 %.

A method for forming a water-repellent film on a solid substrate. The method includes: preparing a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent (A) including reactive functional groups at both ends and a hydrocarbon chain and a benzene ring in the middle part; a silane coupling agent (B) including a fluorocarbon chain at one end and a reactive functional group at another end; and a chemical material including at least an organic solvent, water and acid catalyst; allowing hydrolysis and dehydration polymerization reaction of the silane coupling agents (A) and (B) to proceed; diluting the solution; applying the solution to the substrate and heating the substrate, thereby forming a polymer film of the silane coupling agent (A) and the silane coupling agent (B). Thus, there is provided a method for producing an alkali resistant water-repellent film at low cost.

Corn cobs are important biomass resources. For a long time, the corn cobs have low chemical utilization ratio or cannot be utilized sufficiently to cause a great waste of resources. The invention develops a method for preparing ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerine by carrying out catalytic hydrocracking conversion on the corn cobs, wherein the product is an important polyester synthetic chemical raw material. The corn cobs are efficiently converted into low carbon polyol products by the processes of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, catalytic hydrogenation conversion and cracking. The yield of xylose in the hydrolytic process reaches over 30 percent; the conversion rate in the hydrogenation process reaches over 90 percent; and the selectivity in the hydrogenation process reaches over 90 percent.

One aspect of the present invention relates to ionic liquids comprising an anionic sweetener. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid of the present invention comprising a pendant Bronsted-acidic group to catalyze a Bronsted-acid-catalyzed chemical reaction. A third aspect of the present invention relates to ionic liquids of the present invention comprising a pendant nucleophilic group, e.g., an amine. Still another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid of the present invention comprising a pendant nucleophilic group to catalyze a nucleophile-assisted chemical reaction. A fifth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an ionic liquid of the present invention comprising a pendant nucleophilic group to remove a gaseous impurity, e.g., carbon dioxide, from a gas, e.g., sour natural gas. A sixth aspect of the present invention relates to heat storage media comprising an ionic liquid of the present invention.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a water-based crack paint for a glass base material. The water-based crack paint is composed of a water-based priming paint and a water-based crack finishing paint; the water-based priming paint is composed of acrylic resin, amino resin, a colorant, a dispersing agent, an adhesion promoter, a film-forming auxiliary agent, an acid catalyst, a functional auxiliary agent and other auxiliary agents; the water-based crack finishing paint is composed of acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, amino resin, a colorant, an acid catalyst, a dispersing agent, a film-forming auxiliary agent, a functional auxiliary agent and other auxiliary agents; the prepared water-based crack paint has low VOC, has no pollution to the environment, is nonhazardous to operators, and has the advantages of excellent coating film performance, strong adhesive force, good flexibility, high hardness, good scratch resistance, excellent water resistance, excellent alcohol resistance, simple construction, and stable storage. A coating film crack is a crystallization product integrated with classical art and a modern decoration style, has a unique three-dimensional aesthetic feeling, is elegant in style, and is quite popular with markets and quite loved by customers. The water-based crack paint is widely used for surface protection and decoration of glass products, woodware, metals, plastics and other products.

A new synthetic porous crystalline material, designated EMM-1, is disclosed having, in its calcined form, the X-ray diffraction pattern of Table 2 above. Also disclosed are methods of making EMM-1 in the presence of HF using various organic nitrogen compounds as directing agents. Aluminum-containing EMM-1 can be produced either by inclusion of Al in the synthesis, or by incorporation of B or Ga in the synthesis, followed by post treatment with aluminum nitrate or other sources of Al. EMM-1 is useful as an acid catalyst and as an adsorbent.

Provided are superhydrophobic coatings, devices and articles including superhydrophobic coatings, and methods for preparing the superhydrophobic coatings. The exemplary superhydrophobic device can include a substrate component and one or more superhydrophobic coatings disposed over the substrate component, wherein at least one of the one or more superhydrophobic coatings has a water contact angle of at least about 150° and a contact angle hysteresis of less than about 1°. The one or more superhydrophobic coatings can include an ultra high water content acid catalyzed polysilicate gel, the polysilicate gel including a three dimensional network of silica particles having surface functional groups derivatized with a silylating agent and a plurality of pores.

A dielectric enhancement fluid composition having at least one organoalkoxysilane and an acid catalyst having a pK_A less than about 2.1 and a method for using the composition to enhance the dielectric properties of an electrical cable having a central stranded conductor encased in a polymeric insulation and having an interstitial void volume in the region of the conductor, the method comprising at least partially filling the interstitial void volume of the cable with the composition. The fluid composition may further include an organometallic catalyst and a corrosion inhibitor.