252 results about "Aqueous reaction" patented technology

Described is a method for making a composition comprising alkanes. The composition is suitable for use as a liquid transportation fuel in general, and jet fuel in particular. The method includes dehydrating a feedstock solution comprising a carbohydrate, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to yield at least one furan derivative compound, in a reaction vessel containing a biphasic reaction medium: an aqueous reaction solution and a substantially immiscible organic extraction solution. The furan derivative compound is then subjected to a self-aldol condensation reaction or a crossed-aldol condensation reaction with another carbonyl compound to yield a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound and/or an alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl compound. The beta-hydroxy carbonyl and/or alpha-beta unsaturated compounds are then hydrogenated to yield a saturated or partially saturated compound, followed by hydrodeoxygenation (e.g., dehydrating and hydrogenating) of the saturated or partially saturated compound to yield a composition of matter comprising alkanes.

Fluoropolymers are prepared by a process comprising polymerizing at least one fluoromonomer in an aqueous reaction medium containing monomer, a radical initiator and a 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid salt as surfactant. The medium may optionally contain one or more of an antifoulant, a buffering agent and a chain-transfer agent.

A bioelectrochemical system includes an anode, a saline solution chamber, and a cathode. The anode is at least partially positioned within an anode chamber containing an aqueous reaction mixture including one or more organic compounds and one or more bacteria for oxidizing the organic compounds. The saline solution chamber contains a draw solution and is separated from the anode chamber by a forward osmosis membrane. Water diffuses across the forward osmosis membrane from the aqueous reaction mixture to the draw solution.

A process for producing ZSM-48 comprises crystallizing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising at least one source of silica, at least one source of alumina, at least one source of hydroxyl ions, at least one source of diquaternary alkylammonium, R2+, ions having the formula: (CH3)3N+(CH2)5N+(CH3)3 and optionally ZSM-48 seed crystals, wherein said reaction mixture has a composition including the following molar ratios: R2+:SiO2 less than 0.1 SiO2:Al2O3 less than 100.

The invention discloses a continuous process for synthesizing oxamide, which belongs to the fields of catalysis, chemical industry, environmental protection and fertilizer. Coal-based synthesis gas is used to obtain H2≥99.0V% hydrogen and industrial CO through pressure swing adsorption separation technology; N2≥99.0V% nitrogen and industrial O2 are obtained through air through cryogenic separation technology. Use H2≥99.0v% hydrogen and N2≥99.0v% nitrogen to mix according to the ratio of N2:H2=1:3, and send them to the ammonia reaction tower to produce synthetic ammonia; industrial CO gas is sent to react with RONO gas after dehydrogenation, oxygen removal, and water removal The tower catalyzes the synthesis of oxalate, and the NO in the reaction tail gas is reacted with industrial O2 and an alcohol-water solution with an alcohol content of ≥10wt% to generate RONO for recycling; the synthesized oxalate and synthetic ammonia are directly sent to the reactor to synthesize oxamide, a slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer, Substituting urea or ammonium bicarbonate for agricultural and animal husbandry production has good economic and social benefits, and is an important development direction of C1 chemical and nitrogen fertilizer industries.

An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for producing organic acid with higher fermentation efficiency. The present invention provides a method for producing organic acid from an organic material by allowing bacterial cell or treated products thereof to act on an aqueous reaction solution containing the above organic material, which is characterized in that after completion of the reaction, the aqueous reaction solution is recovered, cell or treated products thereof are separated from the recovered aqueous reaction solution, and the separated cell or treated products thereof are allowed to act on a fresh aqueous reaction solution, so that the cell or treated products thereof are repeatedly used.

Disclosed are methods for making a surface modified biomedical device involving (a) exposing a biomedical device having a plurality of biomedical device surface functional groups to one or more ethylenically unsaturated-containing organic compounds having a reactive group that is co-reactive to the biomedical device surface functional groups of the biomedical device; and (b) graft polymerizing a hydrophilic reactive monomer having a complementary reactive functionality with the ethylenically unsaturated functionalities of the ethylenically unsaturated-containing organic compounds on or near the surface of the biomedical device thus forming a biocompatible surface on the biomedical device. The methods disclosed are two-step methods and do not include any additional surface treatment steps.

A microbial desalination cell includes an anode, a cathode, a saline solution chamber and a cathode rinsing assembly. The anode is at least partially positioned within an anode chamber for containing an aqueous reaction mixture including one or more organic compounds and one or more bacteria for oxidizing the organic compounds. The cathode is directly exposed to air. The saline solution chamber is positioned between the anode and the cathode, and is separated from the anode by an anion exchange material and from the cathode by a cation exchange material. The cathode rinsing assembly is for rinsing the cathode with a catholyte.

A process for making cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles includes providing an aqueous reaction mixture containing a source of cerous ion, optionally a source of one or more metal ions (M) other than cerium, a source of hydroxide ion, at least one monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizer wherein the molar ratio of said monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizers to total metal ions is greater than 0.2, and an oxidant at an initial temperature in the range of about 20° C. to about 95° C. Temperature conditions are provided effective to enable oxidation of cerous ion to ceric ion, thereby forming a product dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles, optionally containing one or more metal ions (M), Ce_1-xM_xO_2-δ, wherein “x” has a value from about 0.0 to about 0.95. The nanoparticles may have a mean hydrodynamic diameter from about 1 nm to about 50 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 45 nm.

The invention relates to an online chromatographic analysis method, which mainly solves the problem of difficult simultaneous analysis of a mixture of hydrogen/permanent gases, non-aromatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon in the process of analyzing an aqueous reaction system and solves the water interference problem during analysis in the conventional chromatographic analysis technology. A technical scheme of two serially connected analysis systems, namely a hydrogen/permanent gas analysis system and a non-aromatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon analysis system is adopted, so the online chromatographic analysis method well solves the problem of the simultaneous analysis of the mixture of hydrogen/permanent gases, non-aromatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon and the water interference problem during analysis, and can be used for online chromatographic analysis of the aqueous mixture of hydrogen/permanent gases, non-aromatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon.

This invention relates to a hydrodesulfurization catalyst, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a method for the preparation of low sulfur gasoline fuel with minimal loss of RON. The catalyst particles include a group VIB metal and a support material having relatively high surface area, and optionally includes one or more group VIIIB metal. The method for preparing the catalyst allows for greater loading of the active metal species on the surface of the support material under aqueous reaction conditions.

A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a predetermined ratio, an oxidant, and water is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. These biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles may be used to prevent and/or treat oxidative stress related diseases, such as stroke, relapse/remitting multiple sclerosis, chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury.

The present invention refers to a continuos process for the epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide in presence of a heterogeneous catalyst promoting the epoxidation reaction, whereby the aqueous reaction mixture comprises: i) an olefin; ii) hydrogen peroxide; iii) less than 100 wppm of alkali metals, earth alkali metals, both irrespective whether in ionic, complex or covalently bonded form, bases or cations of bases having a pkB of less than 4.5, or combinations thereof; and iv) at least 100 wppm of bases or cations of bases having a pkB of at least 4.5 or combinations thereof, whereby the wppm are based on the total weight of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction mixture.

An improved method for the analysis of arsenic in an aqueous sample, is disclosed. In accordance with the inventive method, arsenic is reduced to arsine gas in an acidic aqueous reaction environment and in the presence of an effective amount of an agent for increasing the rate of arsine gas production. Beneficially, metal cations are used as rate-increasing agents.

The invention provides a process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of water insoluble heteropolymeric particles comprising polymerising in an aqueous reaction medium ethylenically unsaturated monomers, said ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising ionisable ethylenically unsaturated monomers and non-ionisable hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers, to form said heteropolymeric particles dispersed in said aqueous reaction medium, wherein the monomers in said reaction medium at any point in time comprise less than 5 weight % of ionisable ethylenically unsaturated monomer, wherein for at least a part of the polymerisation the monomers in said reaction medium have a composition which is maintained with an ionisable ethylenically unsaturated monomer content of from 0.5 to less than 5 weight % throughout polymerisation of at least 30 weight % of the total amount of monomers polymerised to form the heteropolymeric particles, and wherein the total amount of non-ionisable hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers and ionisable ethylenically unsaturated monomers polymerised constitutes at least 75 weight % of the total amount of monomers polymerised to form the heteropolymeric particles, a method of preparing a paint comprising conventional paint additives and the aqueous dispersion of water insoluble heteropolymeric particles of the invention, and a novel aqueous dispersion of water insoluble heteropolymeric particles.

A process and apparatus is provided for generating chlorine dioxide gas for the fumigation of enclosed spaces that includes adding reactants for generation of chlorine dioxide by dropwise addition to an aqueous reaction medium in a sealed reaction chamber while bubbling a motive gas through the aqueous reaction medium, whereby the motive gas releases the generated chlorine dioxide gas from the aqueous reaction medium and drives the release of chlorine dioxide gas from reaction chamber.

Described is a process to make hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose. The process includes the steps of reacting a feedstock solution comprising glucose, in the presence of a homogeneous Brønsted acid catalyst and a homogeneous Lewis acid catalyst, in a reaction vessel containing a biphasic reaction medium. The reaction medium includes an aqueous reaction solution and a substantially immiscible organic extraction solution. HMF is produced in the aqueous reaction solution and extracted into the organic extraction solution.

A treatment for de-oxygenating a noble metal on carbon catalyst used in liquid phase oxidation reactions which includes exposing the catalyst to a non-oxidizing environment. The de-oxygenation treatment improves catalyst performance and is particularly suited for noble metal on carbon catalysts used to catalyze the oxidative cleavage of a carboxymethyl substituent from an N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid substrate in an aqueous reaction mixture using an oxygen-containing gas to produce an N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine product. In one embodiment, the catalyst is exposed to a non-oxidizing environment by introducing a non-oxidizing gas and/or reducing gas into a slurry comprising the catalyst in contact with a liquid medium.