234 results about "Forward osmosis" patented technology

The invention discloses a printing and dyeing wastewater zero-discharge treatment process based on low-pressure high-power membrane concentration and salt separation synergy. The wastewater is sequentially subjected to the steps of double-alkali softening pretreatment, organic pollutant treatment, forward osmosis low-pressure high-power concentration treatment, salt separation treatment and evaporative crystallization. Wherein the forward osmosis low-pressure high-power concentration treatment is performed in a partitioned manner along the flow direction, the osmotic pressure difference is gradually increased, the transmembrane pressure difference is gradually decreased, and interface electrochemical buffer and low-frequency gas-liquid disturbance can be set to inhibit concentration polarization and pollution. Carrying out nanofiltration and salt separation on the concentrated solution to obtain two paths of saline water mainly comprising Na2SO4 and NaCl, and respectively carrying out evaporative crystallization on the two paths of saline water; and refluxing and reusing the water produced by the draw solution. According to the process, high-power concentration and stable salt separation are realized under low mechanical pressure, the energy consumption is reduced, the water recovery rate and the crystal purity are improved, and zero discharge of wastewater is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of membrane separation, in particular to a composite forward osmosis membrane based on mussel bionic interface enhancement and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: immersing a base material in a dopamine hydrochloride solution for oscillation reaction to obtain a modified base material; the surface of the modified base material is coated with a membrane casting solution in a blade coating mode, then phase inversion is carried out, the residual solvent is removed, then airing is carried out, and the composite forward osmosis membrane based on mussel bionic interface enhancement is obtained. By introducing the mussel bionic polydopamine intermediate layer, the long-standing technical contradictions of poor interfacial compatibility and weak binding force between the hydrophobic substrate and the hydrophilic separation layer are ingeniously solved, and the internal concentration polarization effect is remarkably inhibited. The prepared composite membrane has the advantages of high water flux, low salt reverse flux, stable structure and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of water treatment and substance separation.

Methods, systems and devices for PFAS destruction including removing nitrate from water containing PFAS, combining the water with a sensitizer and a sufficient quantity of base to create a treatment solution having a pH of about 10 or more, and irradiating the treatment solution with UV light in a photoreactor to destroy a portion of the PFAS. The nitrate may be removed electrolytically such as by electrolytically reducing nitrate to nitrogen gas and / or ammonia. The nitrate may be removed by filtration through a selective membrane, such as by reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, nanofiltration, and / or ultrafiltration. The system may include electrolytic cell system including a first cell with a cathode contacting the water containing PFAS in the first cell, a second cell including an anode in an electrolytic solution, a power source, and a salt brine and / or membrane separating the first and second cells.

A system and method for water desalination using forward osmosis to address problems associated with scarcity of freshwater around the world. The system uses ammonium bicarbonate as the draw solution to draw out freshwater through a forward osmosis (FO) membrane from an amount of saltwater or other contaminated water initially directed through one side of the FO membrane. The ammonium bicarbonate draws the desalinated water through the membrane of the FO membrane. Brine or other solutes are directed away. The combination of desalinated water and ammonium bicarbonate is directed through a series of valves and pumps, including a heat pump, and through a hydrophobic membrane that allows freshwater (product water) to be obtained from the desalination process in a more cost-effective and efficient manner. The ammonium bicarbonate is recycled and reused to generate additional draw solution for additional batches of saltwater or contaminated water for desalination.

Methods and systems for generating electricity or hydrogen from thermal energy are disclosed. The method includes separating a first saline solution from a second saline solution by a selective permeable membrane (104), receiving thermal energy from a heat source by the first saline solution and / or the second saline solution, and mixing the first saline solution and the second saline solution in a controlled manner, the first saline solution being separated from the second saline solution as a salinity difference between the first saline solution and the second saline solution decreases. At least some salinity gradient energy is captured as electrical power. The method further includes transferring thermal energy from the first saline solution to the second saline solution by a heat pump (320), causing an increase in salinity difference between the first saline solution and the second saline solution. The methods and systems may include regeneration processes such as membrane distillation, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, salt evaporation, and / or salt decomposition for further energy efficiency and power generation.

The invention relates to the field of extraction of lithium from brine, and discloses a method for preparing lithium carbonate from lithium-containing brine. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adsorbing Li by adopting a lithium adsorption material, and desorbing to obtain a desorption solution; (2) carrying out nanofiltration on the desorption solution to obtain nanofiltration permeate and nanofiltration trapped fluid; (3) performing forward osmosis on the nanofiltration permeate to obtain forward osmosis concentrated water; (4) performing high-pressure reverse osmosis on the forward osmosis concentrated water to obtain high-pressure reverse osmosis concentrated water and high-pressure reverse osmosis fresh water; (5) performing bipolar membrane electrodialysis to obtain alkali liquor; and (6) extracting lithium hydroxide from the alkali liquor, and reacting with carbon dioxide to obtain lithium carbonate. The method can fully enrich lithium in the lithium-containing brine, has high yield and purity, is especially suitable for low-grade oilfield produced water which is difficult to treat under general conditions and has obviously lower lithium concentration, and is simple in process and low in production cost.

Forward osmosis membrane vessels, and particularly stackable forward osmosis membrane vessels, are provided as well as systems and methods thereof. The forward osmosis membrane vessel has a body, a strong draw solution chamber, a first and a second semipermeable membrane, and a brine chamber. The first and second semipermeable membranes each are disposed within the cavity of the body. The first and second semipermeable membranes are configured to produce diluted draw solution streams and brine streams. The brine chamber is disposed at least partially between the first semipermeable membrane and the second semipermeable membrane. The forward osmosis membrane vessel may be configured such that in a stacked configuration the brine chamber and the strong draw solution chamber of the forward osmosis membrane vessel aligns with a brine chamber and a strong draw solution chamber of an adjacent second forward osmosis membrane vessel.

The invention discloses a simple preparation method of a high-performance film composite forward osmosis membrane, and belongs to the technical field of water treatment. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a basement membrane with an ultra-large aperture as a supporting layer of the TFC to relieve a concentration polarization phenomenon and provide a larger interface specific surface area for the growth of polyamide; then, a surfactant is introduced into the water-phase solution to further promote the improvement of the effective water delivery area of the membrane. And finally, carrying out interfacial polymerization reaction on the surface of the substrate membrane to synthesize the TFC-FO membrane with higher performance. The TFC-FO membrane prepared through the method has excellent water flux and interception performance, the FO performance of the TFC-FO membrane is continuously improved along with increase of the pore diameter of the supporting layer, and the application potential of the TFC-FO membrane in the technical field of water treatment is greatly improved.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing battery-grade lithium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid. The preparation method comprises: subjecting carbonate-type salt lake halogen or lithium carbonate lithium precipitation mother liquor to adsorption-desorption treatment to obtain a desorption liquid; subjecting the desorption liquid to forward osmosis primary concentration, nanofiltration separation, and electrodialysis secondary concentration treatment to obtain a secondary concentrated lithium-rich solution; wherein the content of lithium ions in the secondary concentrated lithium-rich solution is 8.0-20.0 g / L; subjecting the secondary concentrated lithium-rich solution to boron removal treatment to obtain a deborated lithium-rich solution and boric acid; and, adjusting the pH value of the deborated lithium-rich solution to 0.5-4, and then performing MVR evaporation crystallization to obtain battery-grade lithium dihydrogen phosphate. The present invention provides the co-production of boric acid while preparing battery-grade lithium dihydrogen phosphate, realizing the comprehensive, green, efficient, and high-value development and utilization of salt lake resources, and reducing production costs.

A system and a method for removing gas field chemicals from a feed stream are provided. An exemplary method includes performing a forward osmosis on a feed stream including gas field chemicals to form a concentrated feed stream, and treating the concentrated feed stream in an electrochemical process to form treated water.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for preparing dialyzate, wherein the apparatus has a first part and a second part that is configured as a circuit; wherein the first part comprises a water connection or a water container as well as the primary side of a filter; wherein the filter is configured to prepare purified water from the water through forward osmosis; and wherein the second part comprises the secondary side of the filter, a reservoir, a filtrate line that leads from the secondary side of the filter to the reservoir, and a line leading from the reservoir to the secondary side of the filter, with the reservoir being a container having means for connecting the container to a dialysis machine.

The invention relates to a forward osmosis membrane for seawater electrolysis hydrogen production and a preparation method of the forward osmosis membrane. The forward osmosis membrane comprises a base membrane and a composite layer covering the surface of the base membrane, the composite layer contains hydrophilic organic silicon groups substituted by aromatic hydrocarbon groups; the surface of the base membrane contains active groups, and the active groups comprise one or more of carboxyl, amido, hydroxyl, acetic acid group, acylamino, amino, aldehyde group and carbonyl; the base membrane and the composite layer are connected through chemical grafting reaction between hydrophilic organic silicon groups substituted by aromatic hydrocarbon groups and the active groups. The forward osmosis membrane has excellent alkali resistance, heat resistance and rigidity, is large in water flux, can effectively prevent ion diffusion, can be directly used in the seawater electrolysis hydrogen production process, enables a hydrogen production system to be stable, and reduces the cost.

To provide a practical forward osmosis membrane where physical durability to pressure in a direction to peel a separation function layer from a support membrane is high and performance as the forward osmosis membrane is good.SOLUTION: A forward osmosis membrane is constituted with a support membrane and a separation function layer. The support membrane is provided with at least a porous support and the separation function layer is provided on the porous support. The porous support is provided with a dense layer and a macro void layer in this order from a surface contacting with the separation function layer in a depth direction. The thickness of the dense layer is 1.0-9.5 μm. Macro void exists 0-0.20 piece / μm in a region A having a depth of 0-5.0 μm from a boundary surface between the separation function layer and the porous support and exists 0.04-0.40 piece / μm in a region B having a depth of 5.0-10.0 μm from the boundary surface between the separation function layer and the porous support.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

The application provides an assisted permeation roll type membrane assembly. Compared with the prior art, the assisted permeation roll type membrane assembly provided by the application can realize high concentration of raw liquid under low operating pressure; in addition, the membrane assembly can also be used in a forward osmosis membrane separation process. By introducing an assisted permeation liquid on the permeation liquid side of the RO or NF membrane in the assembly, the osmotic pressure on both sides of the membrane can be reduced, and then the pressure applied on the raw liquid side can be reduced, and the pressure can be regulated by adjusting the components of the assisted permeation liquid, so as to reduce the pressure and cost of solution concentration and improve the concentration ratio. The assisted permeation roll type membrane assembly provided by the application can be applied to industrial wastewater zero discharge, seawater desalination, material separation and other industrial fields, and can also be used as a forward osmosis, diffusion dialysis, gas separation, organic solvent nanofiltration and organic solvent reverse osmosis and other membrane separation processes in addition to reverse osmosis and nanofiltration.

A control device (10) and method for determining the permeability state of a forward osmosis (FO) membrane (2c) of a FO device (2) in a dialysate generator (1). The FO membrane (2c) separates a feed side (2a) and a draw side (2b) of the FO device (2). The FO device (2) has a feed inlet port (E) in fluid communication with the feed side (2a). in ) and the feed outlet port (E out ) and a draw inlet port (L ) in fluid communication with the draw side (2b). in ) and draw outlet port (L out ). The method includes providing (S1) a flow of pure water to the feed side (2a) and providing (S2) a flow of pure water to the draw side (2b). The method further includes monitoring (s3) one or more pressures indicative of a transmembrane pressure, TMP, between the feed side (2a) and the draw side (2b). The method further includes stopping (S4) the flow through one of the ports such that the TMP is maintained constant and of a non-zero magnitude, controlling (S5) the flow to or from one of the feed side (2a) and the draw side (2b) with the flow stopped based on the monitored one or more pressures, and determining (S7) a permeability state of the FO membrane based on a characteristic indicative of the flow.

The invention relates to a method for electrolytic hydrogen production by adopting a seawater electrolytic hydrogen production device. The method comprises the following steps: electrolyzing seawater in the electrolytic hydrogen production device provided with a modified forward osmosis membrane; the modified forward osmosis membrane comprises a base membrane and a composite layer covering the surface of the base membrane, the composite layer contains hydrophilic organic silicon groups substituted by aromatic hydrocarbon groups; the surface of the base membrane contains active groups, and the active groups comprise one or more of carboxyl, amido, hydroxyl, acetic acid group, acylamino, amino, aldehyde group and carbonyl; the base membrane and the composite layer are connected through a chemical grafting reaction between the modified hydrophilic organic silicon group and the active group. According to the method, the two processes of water separation and water electrolysis are integrated in the same device, the method is simple and easy to implement, the maintenance and operation cost is low, the efficiency of direct electrolysis of seawater for hydrogen production is high, and the energy consumption is low.

A draw agent recovery system for recovering draw agent solution for further use in forward osmosis, the draw agent recovery system comprising: a distillation unit for receiving, as distillation unit input, diluted draw agent, and for producing a vapour phase output; a downstream apparatus configured to receive, as downstream apparatus input, said vapour phase output from said distillation unit; said downstream apparatus being further configured to extract draw agent from said downstream apparatus input, whereby the operating condition of the distillation unit is thereby controlled; said downstream apparatus being still further configured to produce, as first downstream apparatus output, recovered draw agent solution. An associated method.

A method and system of generating electrical power or hydrogen from thermal energy is disclosed. The method includes separating, by a selectively permeable membrane, a first saline solution from a second saline solution, receiving, by the first saline solution and / or the second saline solution, thermal energy from a heat source, and mixing the first saline solution and the second saline solution in a controlled manner, capturing at least some salinity-gradient energy as electrical power as the salinity difference between the first saline solution and the second saline solution decreases. The method further includes transferring, by a heat pump, thermal energy from the first saline solution to the second saline solution, causing the salinity difference between the first saline solution and the second saline solution to increase. The method may include a process of membrane distillation, forward osmosis, evaporation, electrodialysis, and / or salt decomposition for further energy efficiency and power generation.

The invention provides a seawater hydrogen production and storage system and a seawater hydrogen production and storage process using offshore wind power. The seawater hydrogen production and storage system comprises a permeable membrane system, a two-stage RO membrane system, an EDI ultrapure water system and a hydrogen production and storage system, and the permeable membrane system, the two-stage RO membrane system, the EDI ultrapure water system and the hydrogen production and storage system are connected in sequence; in the seawater purification direction, the permeable membrane system comprises a forward osmosis module and permeable membrane modules, the forward osmosis module comprises a forward osmosis membrane and absorption liquid, the absorption liquid is selected from a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3-15%, and the number of the permeable membrane modules connected in series is 1-3. According to the seawater hydrogen production and storage system, the seawater is subjected to graded purification, the purified seawater can be directly discharged to the sea, the purified ultrapure water can thoroughly avoid a series of problems of chlorine, calcium and magnesium precipitation and the like in the subsequent water electrolysis hydrogen production process, and liquid hydrogen storage oil is directly prepared through the hydrogen production and storage system and is convenient to transport on the sea and other scenes.

The utility model relates to a system for treating landfill leachate by coupling forward osmosis and membrane distillation, which mainly solves the following problems in landfill leachate concentrated water treatment: high comprehensive energy consumption, membrane pollution risk and difficulty in regeneration of drawn liquid. The device comprises a pretreatment unit, a forward osmosis module, a membrane distillation module and a draw solution storage tank, a water inlet of the pretreatment unit is connected with a landfill leachate concentrated water source, and a discharge port of the pretreatment unit is connected to a leachate side inlet of the forward osmosis module through a first delivery pump; a draw liquid side outlet of the forward osmosis module is connected to a liquid inlet of the membrane distillation module through a membrane distillation heater and a second delivery pump; a concentrated liquid outlet of the membrane distillation module and a draw liquid side inlet of the forward osmosis module form a closed loop through a draw liquid storage tank; an on-line conductivity monitor is arranged in the draw solution storage tank, and a salt supplementing valve is arranged at a feeding port of the draw solution storage tank. And a reflux pump is arranged between the draw solution storage tank and the forward osmosis module. The method is used for treating the leachate concentrated water of the domestic waste landfill.

The application relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a seawater desalination device and a seawater desalination method, which comprise a permeation tank, a seawater inlet and a seawater concentrated liquid outlet are arranged on the permeation tank, a membrane element is arranged in the permeation tank, the inlet of the membrane element is connected with the outlet of a draw solution tank through a pipeline, the outlet of the membrane element is connected with the inlet of a separation tank through a pipeline, an ultrafiltration membrane is arranged in the separation tank, a liquid outlet and a water outlet are arranged on the separation tank, and the liquid outlet is connected with the inlet of the draw solution tank through a pipeline. The seawater desalination device adopts the combination of an immersed forward osmosis and ultrafiltration, is small and light, does not need to pretreat seawater, shortens the seawater desalination process, is high in efficiency and energy saving, does not need to add any chemical agent, the carbon quantum dot draw solution can be reused, operation cost is saved, the device is automatically operated, operation is simple, and management is convenient.

The invention provides a preparation method of a polyvinyl composite forward osmosis membrane, which comprises the following steps: carrying out interfacial polymerization reaction on a 10-50 mu m polyvinyl membrane, a water phase solution and an oil phase solution, drying, modifying twice, and drying to obtain the forward osmosis membrane. The invention also provides application of the forward osmosis membrane prepared by the preparation method in preparation of emergency water purification equipment. The polyvinyl composite forward osmosis membrane is good and stable in performance and high in water flux, and the water permeation time can be obviously shortened. Besides, the forward osmosis membrane water bag has the advantages of being small in size, low in manufacturing cost, small in mass, easy to carry and capable of being repeatedly used, escherichia coli can be intercepted, harmful substances such as viruses and heavy metal can be efficiently intercepted, and the forward osmosis membrane water bag is suitable for various use scenes.

The invention discloses a composite forward osmosis membrane for removing micromolecular micropollutants and a preparation method of the composite forward osmosis membrane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving m-phenylenediamine, camphorsulfonic acid and triethylamine in a water phase; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving trimesoyl chloride and tetramethoxysilane in an organic phase; fixing the base membrane on a flat plate, adding the aqueous phase solution, and then adding the organic phase solution; integrally transferring the obtained polyamide layer and the base membrane into a drying oven, and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the forward osmosis membrane. The nano-particles generated by the method are uniformly distributed, so that the agglomeration phenomenon is avoided, the uniformity of the membrane structure is ensured, and various properties of the membrane are more stable and uniform; the low reverse salt flux is guaranteed at the cost of sacrificing a certain degree of water flux, the method focuses on guaranteeing the high water flux and maintaining the low reverse salt flux at the same time, and the method is more suitable for actual production and application by maintaining the two properties within a proper range.

The invention provides a concentration treatment system and method for strong brine, and the concentration treatment system comprises a multi-stage forward osmosis treatment unit which is configured to perform multiple forward osmosis treatment on the strong brine by using a concentration draw solution so as to concentrate the strong brine to obtain concentrated brine and a diluted draw solution; and the multi-stage draw solution cyclic regeneration unit is configured to perform multiple times of concentration treatment on the diluted draw solution produced by the multi-stage forward osmosis treatment unit to obtain a concentrated draw solution, and the concentrated draw solution is provided for the multi-stage forward osmosis treatment unit. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the forward osmosis technology is adopted, the high-concentration concentrated draw solution is used for conducting concentration treatment on the to-be-treated concentrated salt wastewater, the natural osmotic pressure difference serves as driving force, water in the concentrated salt water can naturally flow into the draw solution, and therefore concentration treatment on the concentrated salt water is achieved; efficient treatment and resource recycling of the strong brine in the iron and steel industry are achieved, pollution of wastewater discharge to the environment is reduced, and the requirement for sustainable development is met.

A system for crystallising a selected mineral from brine is described. The system includes a forward osmosis (FO) system and the FO system comprises: a semipermeable membrane comprising a material having a surface tension less than 50% of a surface tension of the selected mineral in crystalised form, the membrane being positioned substantially vertically providing fluid communication between a brine chamber holding the brine and a draw solution chamber holding a draw solution; and a crystal collector provided at the lowest edge of the substantially vertically positioned semipermeable membrane, the crystal collector being arranged to collect crystals of the selected mineral formed on the membrane which have fallen due to gravity.

The invention discloses a freeze-dried coffee powder preparation method based on an integrated membrane process. The freeze-dried coffee powder preparation method comprises the following steps: baking and frying cleaned coffee beans; the coarse grinding particles are crushed into coffee powder through an airflow impact device; filling the coffee powder into an extraction device, and performing ultrasonic extraction in a low-temperature environment to obtain a coffee extract; filling the coffee extract into a forward osmosis concentration device, concentrating to obtain a coffee concentrated solution, and recycling the drawn solution in the forward osmosis concentration process in a membrane distillation process driven by baking waste heat for regeneration; filtering and sterilizing the coffee concentrated solution by adopting a microfiltration membrane to obtain a sterile concentrated solution; and freeze-drying the sterile concentrated solution in a vacuum environment, and crushing the freeze-dried concentrated solution through a low-temperature crushing device to obtain the freeze-dried coffee powder. High-temperature operation is avoided in the whole preparation process, heat-sensitive functional components in the coffee can be reserved to the maximum extent through low-temperature ultrasonic extraction and normal-temperature non-thermal concentration, and the original flavor and fragrance of the coffee can be effectively reserved through low-temperature freeze drying.

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment membranes, in particular to a high-performance composite separation membrane and a preparation method thereof.After the surface of a polymer porous base membrane is infiltrated with an aqueous phase solution containing a first active monomer for at least one second, the redundant aqueous phase solution on the surface is removed, and treatment is conducted immediately under the first microwave condition; contacting the surface of the treated polymer porous base membrane with an oil phase solution containing a second active monomer, immediately performing interfacial polymerization reaction for at least 1 second under a second microwave condition, and then removing the redundant oil phase solution on the surface; and leaching the membrane surface, and drying to obtain the high-performance composite separation membrane. As a seawater desalination membrane, the prepared composite separation membrane has relatively high flux, relatively high desalination rate and relatively high boron removal rate; as a nanofiltration membrane, the prepared composite separation membrane has relatively high flux and relatively high desalination rate; the method is also suitable for preparing ultrafiltration membranes, forward osmosis membranes, gas separation membranes and the like.

The invention discloses an efficient synergistic seawater desalination device in the technical field of seawater desalination, which comprises side support frames and a control system, a seawater desalination module is arranged between the side support frames, and the seawater desalination module can perform seawater desalination by using a forward osmosis principle. The salinity difference energy conversion module and the drawn liquid treatment module are arranged at the two ends of the seawater desalination module respectively; the seawater desalination module comprises desalination pipe bodies, the desalination pipe bodies are arranged in multiple groups and are parallelly and equidistantly distributed between the side support frames, forward osmosis modules are fixedly mounted in the desalination pipe bodies, the forward osmosis modules divide the desalination pipe bodies into draw liquid bins and seawater infiltration bins, and dispersion assemblies are arranged in the draw liquid bins; according to the invention, through cooperation of the multiple groups of desalination pipes and cooperation of the dispersion assembly, the problems of forward osmosis membrane performance contradiction, low salinity gradient energy conversion efficiency, insufficient energy recovery, high desalination energy consumption and the like in the existing device are solved.

The invention discloses an urban sewage recovery method which comprises the following steps: a, urban sewage and a draw solution are respectively fed into a raw material liquid side and a draw solution side of a forward osmosis membrane assembly for forward osmosis treatment, and the draw solution comprises a scale inhibitor; and b, feeding the effluent on the draw liquid side after the forward osmosis treatment into a nanofiltration membrane assembly, and carrying out nanofiltration treatment to obtain produced water. According to the urban sewage recycling method, the forward osmosis membrane and nanofiltration treatment processes are adopted, the scale inhibitor is adopted as the draw solution, efficient concentration is conducted on the domestic sewage, organic matter removal is achieved, and high-quality produced water is obtained.