455 results about "Water concentration" patented technology

The invention relates to a process for the production of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol, and reactive derivatives thereof, in a reaction mixture using a rhodium-based catalyst in low water conditions. The process is used to achieve reaction rates of at least 15 g mol/l/hr. The high rate reactions proceed at water concentrations of less than 2.0 wt. %. Under certain conditions, the water concentration in the reaction mixture of the process is maintained at a desired concentration by at least one process step including adding a compound such as methyl acetate, dimethyl ether, acetic anhydride, or mixtures of these compounds to the reaction system. The process step of adding the components to the reaction mixture may be combined with other process steps for controlling water concentrations in reaction mixtures for the carbonylation of methanol.

A thermal energy storage material (TESM) system (and associated methods) that reproducibly stores and recovers latent heat comprising i) at least one first metal containing material including at least one first metal compound that includes a nitrate ion, a nitrite ion, or both; ii) at least one second metal containing material including at least one second metal compound; and iii) optionally including water, wherein the water concentration if any is present is less than about 10 wt. %; wherein the TESM has a liquidus temperature, T_L, from about 100° C. to about 250° C.; and wherein the TESM exhibits a heat storage density from 300° C. to 80° C. of at least about 1 MJ/l; so that upon being used in a system that generates heat, at least a portion of the heat is captured and stored by the TESM and subsequently released for use, and the system is generally resistant to corrosion at temperatures of about 300° C.

The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a waste water treatment method and device based on forward osmosis and membrane distillation. The waste water treatment method based on the forward osmosis and membrane distillation comprises a waste water concentration process and a drive liquid circulation process, wherein the waste water concentration process adopts a forward osmosis technology to concentrate waste water with high salt content and high chemical oxide demand (COD) concentration through drive liquid so as to obtain the concentrated waste water and diluted drive liquid; the drive liquid circulation process adopts a membrane distillation technology to dehydrate the diluted drive liquid so as to obtain the purified water and renewable drive liquid; and the renewable drive liquid is repeatedly used for the waste water concentration process so as to continuously concentrate the waste water. Due to the adoption of the method and device for treating the waste water with high salt content and high COD concentration, the waste water of different sources and fields can be treated, and the advantages such as wide applicability for waste water, stability in running and low treatment cost can be realized.

The invention discloses a cultivation method of anammox granular sludge, and belongs to the field of water treatment. The cultivation method solves the technical problems that the existing high-efficiency anammox granular sludge is difficult to cultivate, and the cultivation time is long. The method comprises the following steps that 1, aerobic granular sludge and anammox seed sludge are simultaneously inoculated into an EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) reactor; 2, nitrogenous simulated waste water is supplied to the EGSB reactor, the hydraulic retention time is kept for 12h, and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in intake water are gradually increased until successful start when the synchronous removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is above 80%; and 3, intake water concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are kept stable, the hydraulic retention time is gradually shortened up to 2.6h when the synchronous removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is above 80%, and then the cultivation of the anammox granular sludge is completed. With the method, the reactor can be started successfully within about 20 days, and the high-efficiency anammox granular sludge can be obtained within about 89 days.

The invention relates to an electrodialysis device applicable to treatment on high-salinity wastewater from industries such as coal chemical industry. The electrodialysis device comprises an electrodialysis membrane stack unit, a frequent polarity conversion control unit and an online monitoring and process control unit, wherein the electrodialysis membrane stack unit consists of a plurality of membrane stacks which are connected with one another in series through pipelines in a desalted department, a concentrated department and a pole compartment respectively and form a multi-level inversion system with solution flow direction control; a programmable logic controller (PLC) unit, a rectifier and a solenoid valve are used for implementing frequent polarity conversion; and solutions in the desalted department and the concentrated department can be cycled or partially cycled, thereby obtaining a high fresh water recovery rate and a high concentrated water concentration multiple. The electrodialysis device can fundamentally solve the problems of low fresh water recovery rate, low concentrated water concentration multiple, high energy consumption and difficulty in long-term and stable operation in the process of treating the high-salinity wastewater in the coal chemical industry and the like by an ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis method, and thus the engineering application of the electrodialysis treatment technology for the high-salinity wastewater in the industries such as the coal chemical industry is promoted.

A humid gas stream is dehumidified by bringing that stream into contact with the front surface of a hydrophilic capillary condenser layer that captures the water and moves it adjacent the rear surface of the capillary layer. An osmotic layer, such as a semi-permeable membrane, is disposed on the rear surface of the condenser layer, and an osmotic fluid having a low concentration of water therein, is disposed adjacent the osmotic layer. An osmotic driving force, resulting from the water concentration gradient across the osmotic layer, transports the condensed water from the condensing layer through the thickness of the osmotic layer and into an osmotic fluid. The osmotic layer also inhibits the osmotic fluid from flowing into the condenser layer.

A process for producing acetic acid is disclosed in which the water concentration is controlled in the side stream between two columns. Controlling the water concentration by the liquid light phase recycle controls the hydrogen iodide concentration in the side stream to be less than or equal to 50 wppm.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a graphene-based film and application of the graphene-based film to oil-water separation. The graphene-based film is obtained by preparing gel from oxidized graphene and a crosslinking agent, drying the gel, compacting the gel under the pressure of 10-200 kPa, and reducing. The preparation method for the graphene-based oil-water separation film is simple, feasible and low in cost and can be applied to batch industrial production; the film is light in mass and stable and can be cyclically used at high efficiency; the graphene-based oil-water separation film material can separate oil from an oil-water mixture at high efficiency, low energy consumption and ultrahigh speed in various environments, the water content is lower than 200ppm, the minimum water concentration is up to 10ppm, and the water concentration is different slightly according to different oil phases.

Metal-chalcogenide films disposed on a substrate comprising at least one monolayer (e.g., 1 to 10 monolayers) of a metal-chalcogenide. The films can be continuous (e.g., structurally and/or electrically continuous) over 80% or greater of the substrate that is covered by the film. The films can be made by methods based on low metal precursor concentration relative to the concentration of chalcogenide precursor. The methods can be carried out at low water concentration. The films can be used in devices (e.g., electrical devices and electronic devices).

The present invention relates to a process for separating 2-butanol from tert-butanol/water mixtures using a membrane to reduce a water concentration to less than the limit concentration of the distillation boundary line connecting the two azeotropes TBA/water and SBA/water and is subsequently worked up by distillation.

A method is provided for manufacturing an electrode that has a porous inorganic layer on the surface of an active material layer and is suitable for constructing a nonaqueous secondary battery with excellent input-output performance. In this manufacturing method, an electrode perform, which has an active material layer (344) consisting primarily of active material particles (42) and supported on a collector (342), is prepared. The water concentration of at least the surface (344a) of the active material layer (344) is adjusted to 100 ppm to 500 ppm. A slurry (S) containing inorganic particles (44), a binder and an organic solvent is coated on the surface (344a) of the active material layer with the water concentration thus adjusted, to form a porous inorganic layer.

A method is disclosed which produces acrylic acid in a high yield as maintaining the conditions for purifying acrylic acid in constant ranges and preventing the acrylic acid from polymerization. By using a reactor which has first reaction zone and second reaction zone formed of different reaction tubes, propylene concentration adjusting in the range of 7–15 vol. % and water concentration adjusting in the range of 0–10 vol. % are introduced thereto thereby obtaining an acrylic acid-containing gas. Then the gas is introduced to an acrylic acid absorption column to adjust water concentration in the range of 1–45 wt. %, thereby preventing from polymerization.

The invention discloses a high-hardness salt-containing water concentration method based on monovalent cationic selective electrodialysis. The method comprises the following steps: 1, performing chemical precipitation hardness removal and pretreatment on raw water; 2, performing reverse osmosis desalination treatment; and 3, regulating the pH value of reverse osmosis concentrated saltwater with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid to be 4-6 so as to serve as raw electrodialysis water, and enabling the water to respectively enter a desalting chamber and a concentration chamber formed by an anode membrane and a cathode membrane at an interval in an electrodialysis membrane stack, thereby obtaining high-salt electrodialysis water and low-salt electrodialysis water. According to the method disclosed by the invention, extra equipment and devices are not needed, and two ions forming a scale forming matter are separated under the condition that the recovery rate is not changed, so that a scaling phenomenon caused by simultaneous interception or simultaneous permeation is avoided.

A non-invasive system and method. Sample light is delivered into an anatomical structure, such that a portion of the sample light passes through a target voxel comprising brain matter in the head and is scattered by the head as signal light. The signal light is detected, changes in the level of water concentration or relative water concentration of the target voxel are detected based on the detected signal light, and a level of neural activity is determined within the target voxel based on the determined changes level of the water concentration or relative water concentration of the target voxel.

The invention relates to reconstructed tobacco leaves containing basic incense substances in tobaccos prepared by a water extraction method and an ethanol extraction method. 40kg of waste and second-rate tobacco powders are added with 320L of water and are stirred and extracted for 2h at 60 DEG C. The extraction is carried out for twice. After filtration, the extraction liquid is concentrated to the density of 1.2g/mL. The concentration liquid is reserved. 10kg of waste and second-rate tobacco powders are extracted by 70L 60% of ethanol at 70 DEG C for 1.5h. The extraction is carried out for twice. The extraction liquid is concentrated to the density of 1.2g/mL. 10000g of water concentration liquid and 500g of ethanol concentration liquid are mixed uniformly and added to 10kg of reconstructed tobacco leaves. According to the reconstructed tobacco leaves, used tobacco raw materials are wastes including small-grain tobacco powders, tobacco ashes or tobacco stems and the like generated in a processing process of the tobacco leaves, cut tobaccos or the tobaccos; the wastes are changed into valuable things so as to reduce pollution to the environment; according to the reconstructed tobacco leaves, the sensory quality is improved, the aroma amount is increased, the fragrance is improved, the natural tobacco aroma is set off, the dry feeling of smoke is reduced, the body fluid production feeling of the smoke is enhanced and the smoking comfort level is improved.

Aspects of a laser-type gas analyzer can include a mid-infrared light reception signal processing and computing unit that calculates a gas concentration of the first gas to be measured on the basis of a mid-infrared light reception signal, a near-infrared light reception signal processing and computing unit that detects, at respective times, the gas concentration of the second gas to be measured, water concentration in a space, and alight amount decrement due to dust, on the basis of near-infrared light reception signal. Also included can be a gas concentration correcting unit that corrects the gas concentrations of the first and second gases to be measured using the water concentration and the light amount decrement.

The present invention relates to a thermal energy storage material (TESM) system (and associated methods). The TESM system comprises i) a container having a wall surface; and ii) a TESM in at least partial contact with the wall surface. The TESM may include, consist essentially of, or consist of a metal containing compound comprising at least two different metal cations and one or more polyatomic anions. The at least two metal cations may include lithium cations. The TESM may have a liquidus temperature, T_L, from about 100° C. to about 250° C. The TESM may exhibits a heat storage density from 300° C. to 80° C. of at least 1 MJ/l. The TESM system may be free of water. If any water is present in the TESM system, the water concentration preferably is less than about 10 wt. %. Preferably, the TESM system is generally resistant to corrosion at temperatures of about 300° C.

A system and a process for capture and absorption of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide by an ammonia method at normal pressure are disclosed. The system has a dilute ammonia water supply device connected with sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorption devices; an induced draft fan is connected with a heat exchanger connected with the sulfur dioxide absorption device; a sulfur dioxide absorption tower is connected with a carbon dioxide absorption tower; cooling devices in the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorption towers share a cooling water inlet and outlet pipe; the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorption devices respectively restore ammonia concentration to original ammonia water concentration by supplementing concentrated ammonia water; the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorption devices respectively pump solutions into the heat exchangers, then the solutions enter crystallization tanks; solid-liquid separation is performed through centrifuges, and the liquid continues to circulate in the system.